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Erschienen in: Der Pathologe 2/2020

19.02.2020 | Osteosarkom | Schwerpunkt: Tumoren des Knochens und der Gelenke

Die Rolle von Interleukin-11 beim Osteosarkom

verfasst von: Juliane Lokau, Victor Schoeder, Dr. Christoph Garbers

Erschienen in: Die Pathologie | Ausgabe 2/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Das Osteosarkom ist ein meist hochmaligner, mesenchymaler Tumor. Seine Zellen sind definitionsgemäß in der Lage, Osteoid zu bilden, welches zu Tumorknochen ausreifen kann. Osteosarkome bilden häufig hämatogene Metastasen in der Lunge. Die Tumore treten in Europa mit einer Inzidenz von etwa 2 bis 5 Neuerkrankungen pro 1.000.000 Einwohner und Jahr auf. Die Ursachen sind nicht abschließend geklärt, jedoch kann ein Osteosarkom durch eine vorherige Strahlentherapie oder die Exposition mit radioaktiver Strahlung ausgelöst werden. Therapeutisch folgt auf eine neoadjuvante Chemotherapie und eine Operation mit dem Ziel der vollständigen Tumorresektion eine weitere, postoperative Chemotherapie, was zu einer 5‑Jahres-Überlebensrate von etwa 70 % über alle Stadien führt. Untersuchungen der letzten Jahre haben gezeigt, dass die Expression des Oberflächenproteins Interleukin-11-Rezeptor (IL-11R) mit einer schlechten Prognose der Patienten korreliert. Der IL-11R wird von seinem Liganden, dem Zytokin IL-11, aktiviert. IL-11 aktiviert in seinen Zielzellen eine Reihe von Signalwegen und ist als wichtiger Regulator der Knochenhomöostase bekannt. Patienten mit dysfunktionalem IL-11-Signalweg weisen verschiedene Arten der Kraniosynostose auf. Bei Osteosarkomzellen fördert IL-11 die Zellproliferation in vitro. Der IL-11-Signalweg konnte in präklinischen Mausmodellen von primären intratibialen Osteosarkomen zur Reduktion des Tumorwachstums sowie weniger Metastasierung in die Lunge genutzt werden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Häufigkeit, Klassifikation und Ätiologie des Osteosarkoms und führt in die grundlegende Biologie des Zytokins IL-11 ein. Er beschreibt außerdem die bisherigen Erkenntnisse zur Rolle von IL-11 beim Osteosarkom und zeigt mögliche therapeutische Optionen auf.
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Metadaten
Titel
Die Rolle von Interleukin-11 beim Osteosarkom
verfasst von
Juliane Lokau
Victor Schoeder
Dr. Christoph Garbers
Publikationsdatum
19.02.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Pathologie / Ausgabe 2/2020
Print ISSN: 2731-7188
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-020-00756-1

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