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Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin 12/2020

17.11.2020 | Zystische Fibrose | Schwerpunkt: Was ist gesichert in der Therapie?

Was ist gesichert in der Therapie der Mukoviszidose?

verfasst von: PD Dr. F. C. Ringshausen, T. Hellmuth, PD Dr. A.‑M. Dittrich

Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin | Ausgabe 12/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Mukoviszidose (zystische Fibrose, „cystic fibrosis“ [CF]) ist die häufigste autosomal-rezessiv vererbte Multisystemerkrankung mit fatalem Verlauf. Sie wird durch Mutationen im Cystic-fibrosis-transmembrane-conductance-regulator-Gen (CFTR) verursacht, die zu einer unzureichenden Funktion des Chloridkanals CFTR führen. Infolge dessen kommt es durch unzureichende Hydratisierung des epithelialen Flüssigkeitsfilms zu einer Retention zähen Sekrets in etlichen lebenswichtigen Organen, vor allem in Lunge und Atemwegen, Pankreas, Leber und Gallengängen sowie dem Darm. Dadurch kommt es zu Inflammation und Infektion, Fibrose und progredienter Organdestruktion. Die Mortalität wird im Wesentlichen durch die respiratorische und ventilatorische Insuffizienz bedingt. In den gerade einmal 30 Jahren, die seit der molekularen Charakterisierung des CF-verursachenden CFTR-Basisdefekts vergangen sind, hat sich die Langzeitprognose der betroffenen Patienten enorm verbessert. Diese Prognoseverbesserung ist einerseits auf eine kooperative, sehr aktive und gut vernetzte internationale CF-Forschungsgemeinschaft zurückzuführen, andererseits auf eine standardisierte Behandlung durch ein interdisziplinäres und multiprofessionelles klinisches CF-Team, das die dadurch erfreulicherweise in zahlreichen Aspekten der CF-Therapie vorhandene Evidenz konsequent und gemeinsam mit dem Patienten in Behandlungsstandards umsetzt. Der vorliegende narrative Übersichtsbeitrag zeigt die Evidenz in ausgewählten Bereichen der CF-Therapie auf und würdigt hierbei insbesondere die jüngste Entwicklung der hocheffektiven CFTR-Modulator-Therapie, die in naher Zukunft voraussichtlich etwa 90 % der Betroffenen zur Verfügung stehen wird und die die CF durch ihren Einfluss auf die Pathophysiologie und den Langzeitverlauf in eine gut behandelbare chronische Erkrankung der Inneren Medizin transformieren wird.
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Metadaten
Titel
Was ist gesichert in der Therapie der Mukoviszidose?
verfasst von
PD Dr. F. C. Ringshausen
T. Hellmuth
PD Dr. A.‑M. Dittrich
Publikationsdatum
17.11.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Innere Medizin / Ausgabe 12/2020
Print ISSN: 2731-7080
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-020-00896-9

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