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2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

19. Zytomegalie

verfasst von : Gisela Enders, Prof. habil. Dr. med., Ioannis Mylonas, Andreas Schulze, Prof. Dr. med., Klaus Friese, Prof. Dr. med.

Erschienen in: Infektionserkrankungen der Schwangeren und des Neugeborenen

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Die kongenitale Infektion mit dem Zytomegalievirus („cytomegalovirus“, CMV) ist mit einer Häufigkeit von 0,2–2,2 % weltweit (in Deutschland geschätzt 0,2–0,3 %) die häufigste kongenitale virale Infektion mit schwerwiegenden Schäden bei der Geburt und auch im späteren Leben. Sie gilt als eine der wichtigsten Ursachen für mentale Retardierung und nichterbliche Taubheit im frühen Kleinkindalter. Das Hauptrisiko für kongenitale Infektion und Schädigung besteht bei mütterlicher Primärinfektion in der Frühschwangerschaft (Stagno et al. 1982a). Diese ist durch den Nachweis einer CMV-IgG-Serokonversion und erhöhte CMV-IgM-Antikörpertiter gekennzeichnet. Rekurrierende Infektionen werden anhand von positivenCMV-IgG-Antikörper-Befunden vor der Konzeption und dem Nachweis einer kongenitalen Infektion beim Neugeborenen erfasst. Interessanterweise kann es im Gegensatz zu einigen anderen schwangerschaftsrelevanten Erregern, z. B. Toxoplasma gondii und Varizella-Zoster-Virus, auch bei rekurrierenden Infektionen (d. h. bei CMV-IgG-Antikörper-positiven Schwangeren) zur kongenitalen Infektion kommen, die aber nur relativ selten Schädigungen verursacht. Außer für die Schwangerschaft spielt die CMV-Infektion für immunsupprimierte Patienten, z. B. nach Transplantationen sowie bei Tumoren oder HIV-Infektion, eine große Rolle.
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Metadaten
Titel
Zytomegalie
verfasst von
Gisela Enders, Prof. habil. Dr. med.
Ioannis Mylonas
Andreas Schulze, Prof. Dr. med.
Klaus Friese, Prof. Dr. med.
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78325-1_19

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