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Erschienen in: Der Nephrologe 6/2016

12.10.2016 | Nierentransplantation | Leitthema

Zytomegalievirus nach Nierentransplantation

Klinische Problematik, Risikostratifizierung und neue Therapieansätze

verfasst von: Dr. T. Schachtner, Prof. Dr. P. Reinke

Erschienen in: Die Nephrologie | Ausgabe 6/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Trotz der verbreiteten antiviralen Zytomegalievirus (CMV)-Prophylaxe bleibt die aktive CMV-Infektion mit Entwicklung einer CMV-Erkrankung eine schwere Komplikation nach Nierentransplantation, die insbesondere bei CMV-seronegativen Empfängern eines CMV-seropositiven Spenders zu komplizierten Verläufen führen kann.

Fragestellung

Stratifizierung des Risikos für eine aktive CMV-Infektion und CMV-Erkankung, Immunreaktivität, klinische Problematik und Entwicklung von Therapieempfehlungen.

Methoden

Diskussion aktueller Entwicklungen und Expertenempfehlung.

Ergebnisse

CMV-seronegative Empfänger von CMV-seropositiven Spendern haben ein hohes Risiko für die Entwicklung einer aktiven CMV-Infektion und CMV-Erkrankung, weshalb eine CMV-Prophylaxe, gefolgt von einer präemptiven Therapiestrategie, empfohlen ist. Im Vordergrund stehen hier die Prävention einer schweren gewebeinvasiven CMV-Erkankung sowie die Verminderung indirekter CMV-Effekte mit Einschränkung von Patienten- und Transplantatüberleben. Patienten mit hohem Risiko, die keine adäquate CMV-spezifische zelluläre Immunität generieren, entwickeln jedoch trotzdem nach Absetzen der Prophylaxe schwere und gelegentlich rezidivierende aktive CMV-Infektionen. Im Falle lebensbedrohlicher therapierefraktärer CMV-Erkankungen hat sich der adoptive Transfer CMV-spezifischer T‑Zellen als sichere und effektive Therapieoption herausgestellt.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die klinische Problematik der aktiven CMV-Infektion beschränkt sich weitestgehend auf Patienten mit fehlender CMV-spezifischer Immunität. Die Quantifizierung der CMV-spezifischen Immunität stellt hier eine geeignete Methode zur besseren Stratifizierung der Patienten mit hohem Risiko für eine aktive CMV-Infektion dar und ist Gegenstand aktueller Forschung.
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Metadaten
Titel
Zytomegalievirus nach Nierentransplantation
Klinische Problematik, Risikostratifizierung und neue Therapieansätze
verfasst von
Dr. T. Schachtner
Prof. Dr. P. Reinke
Publikationsdatum
12.10.2016
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Nephrologie / Ausgabe 6/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-7463
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7471
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-016-0099-5

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