Introduction
Materials and methods
Study design
Data collection and assessment of the cardiovascular risk
Statistical analysis
Total N = 92 | Men (n = 38) | Women (n = 53) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 33.0 (25.5; 42.5) | 33.0 (26.0; 40.0) | 33.0 (25.0; 43.0) | 0.955 |
Diabetes duration (years) | 23.4 (± 9.5) | 22.9 (± 9.0) | 23.7 (± 10.0) | 0.685 |
Age of T1DM onset (years) | 11.0 (5.0; 15.0) | 10.0 (4.0; 15.0) | 11.0 (5.0; 15.0) | 0.955 |
Early onset T1DM (1–10 years of age) | 47.8 (44) | 52.6 (20) | 45.3(24) | 0.479 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8 (± 4.1) | 24.9 (± 3.2) | 24.6 (± 4.7) | 0.790 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.3 (7.5; 9.7) | 8.2 (7.4; 9.3) | 8.8 (7.6; 10.1) | 0.101 |
SBP (mmHg) | 122.3 (± 15.6) | 121.1 (± 11.7) | 123.0 (± 18.0) | 0.580 |
DBP (mmHg) | 75.6 (± 10.2) | 75.1 (± 10.0) | 75.9 (± 10.5) | 0.716 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 94.9 (± 27.2) | 91.6 (± 25.3) | 97.7 (± 28.5) | 0.295 |
eGFR (CKD-EPI) (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 105.5 (80.5; 117.0) | 111.5 (94.0; 117.0) | 99.0 (75.0; 116.0) | 0.084 |
Serum creatinin (mg/dL) | 0.82 (0.75; 0.95) | 0.90 (0.79; 0.97) | 0.78 (0.66; 0.94) | 0.007 |
Albumin-Creatinin Ratio (mg/g) | ||||
Normal | 65.2 (60) | 79.0(30) | 56.6 (30) | 0.035 |
Microalbuminúria | 17.4 (16) | 5.2 (2) | 24.5 (13) | |
Macroalbuminúria | 17.4 (16) | 15.8 (6) | 18.9 (10) | |
Microvascular complications (%) | 62.0 (57) | 47.4 (38) | 71.7 (38) | 0.019 |
Nephropathy (%) | 40.2 (37) | 29.0 (11) | 47.2 (25) | 0.080 |
Retinopathy (%) | 54.4 (50) | 39.5 (15) | 64.2 (34) | 0.020 |
Neuropathy (%) | 10.9 (10) | 5.3 (2) | 13.2 (7) | 0.295 |
Treatments | ||||
Statins | 39.1 (36) | 39.6 (21) | 36.8 (14) | 0.788 |
ACE inhibitor or ARB | 48.9 (45) | 52.8 (28) | 42.1 (16) | 0.313 |
AAS | 5.4 (5) | 7.9 (3) | 1.9 (1) | 0.304 |
Physical activity | 14.1 (13) | 18.4 (7) | 11.3 (6) | 0.375 |
Smoking | 5.8 (5) | 10.8 (4) | 2.1 (1) | 0.162 |
Results
SBEM (n = 67) | ST1RE (n = 14) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 38.1 (± 10.7) | 50.3 (± 9.9) | 0.0002* |
Sex | 1.000 | ||
Male | 34.9 (23) | 30.8 (4) | |
Female | 65.1 (43) | 69.2 (9) | |
Diabetes duration (years) | 27.0 (19.0; 32.0) | 34.0 (31.0; 42.0) | 0.029* |
Age of T1DM onset (years) | 11.0 (4.0; 17.0) | 16.0 (10.0; 28.0) | 0.065** |
Early onset T1DM (1–10 years of age) | 44.8 (30) | 28.6 (4) | 0.375 |
Late onset T1DM (> 10 years of age) | 55.2 (37) | 71.4 (10) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4 (21.4; 28.0) | 21.5 (20.4; 23.2) | 0.055** |
HbA1c (%) | 8.6 (7.6; 10.0) | 9.4 (7.8; 10.8) | 0.209** |
SBP (mmHg) | 122.0 (110.0; 130.0) | 133.0 (128.0; 144.0) | 0.004** |
DBP (mmHg) | 80.0 (70.0; 80.0) | 80.0 (78.0; 82.0) | 0.226** |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 90.0 (70.4; 113.4) | 91.1 (71.2; 112.0) | 0.925** |
eGFR (CKD-EPI) (ml/min/1.73 m2 | 99.0 (72.0; 114.0) | 69.5 (33.0; 79.0) | 0.0005** |
Serum creatinin (mg/dL) | 0.85 (0.74; 1.03) | 1.04 (0.92; 1.84) | 0.0035** |
Albumin-Creatinin Ratio (mg/g) | 0.004 | ||
Normal | 52.2 (35) | 7.1 (1) | |
Microalbuminúria | 23.9 (16) | 42.9 (6) | |
Macroalbuminúria | 23.9 (16) | 50.0 (7) | |
Microvascular complications (%) | 83.6 (56) | 100.0 (14) | 0.197 |
Nephropathy (%) | 55.2 (37) | 92.9 (13) | 0.013 |
Retinopathy (%) | 74.6 (50) | 92.9 (13) | 0.175 |
Neuropathy (%) | 13.4 (9) | 28.6 (4) | 0.224 |
Treatments | |||
Statins | 52.2 (35) | 71.4 (10) | 0.244 |
ACE inhibitor or ARB | 67.2 (45) | 78.6 (11) | 0.532 |
AAS | 7.5 (5) | 28.6 (4) | 0.044 |
Physical activity | 11.9 (8) | 14.3 (2) | 0.681 |
Smoking | 4.8 (3) | 7.7 (1) | 0.541 |