Background
Methods
Target population
Inclusion Criteria
|
Exclusion Criteria
|
---|---|
50 years of age or older who have one or more chronic medical conditions (e.g., high blood pressure, diabetes, arthritis, obesity, etc.) which require management in some way (regular doctor checks, medication, etc.); | Are acutely ill or have unstable health problems requiring medical work-up or follow-up clinic visits for monitoring more than every 3 months; |
Whose health is medically stable, that is, not currently undergoing either significant physical and/or mental health changes and not undergoing any type of non-routine treatments/medical testing or have any surgeries scheduled in the next six months; | Have had an ER visit related to his/her chronic condition in the prior one month; (an ER visit related to a one-time, resolved issue such as a bee sting or to have stitches for a household injury will not be cause for exclusion); |
Has not had an ER visit related to his/her chronic conditions in the prior one month (an ER visit related to a one-time, resolved issue such as a bee sting or to have stitches for a household injury will not be cause for exclusion); | Are terminally ill; |
Can read, speak, and hear English; may use adaptive devices such as hearing aid and glasses; | Have severe memory problems; |
Can recall personal information such as age, DOB, address, phone number, and health history questions without difficulty; | Have severe hearing and/or visual deficits that are not functionally adapted with devices such as a hearing aid or eyeglasses; |
Reports having access to a computer and an established internet connection that is regularly used for video content (such as with Netflix, Amazon Prime, and YouTube); and | Do not have a computer or an existing internet connection at the bandwidth needed to support the video platform (cannot access video streaming content); and/or |
Can use their internet connection in a private space | Can use internet only in a public space (unable to ensure privacy) |
Recruitment
Treatment groups
Measures
Demographic
|
i. Year of Birth [Q1] |
ii. Gender [Q2] |
iii. Marital status [Q3] |
iv. Race/ethnicity [Q4] |
v. Level of education [Q5] |
vi. Work status [Q6] |
vii. Household income [Q7] |
Baseline Covariates/Moderators
|
Social Network/Support [Q8-Q14] |
Number of Prescribed Medications (Taken from Medical History/Medications not PHS) |
Level of Independence IADL [Q53-Q60] |
Major Categories of Chronic Diseases (Taken from Medical History/Medications not PHS) |
Outcomes
|
1. Level of exercise/Activity [Q27-Q31; higher score is more exercise/week] |
2. Eating and Drinking (composite measure = Total Score of positive food choices[Q32-Q34] – Total Score of Negative food choices [Q35 and Q40] – Total Number of Alcoholic drinks/week – if no drinks 0, if < 1 = 1. Higher is better food/drink |
3. Health Habits That Modify Risk of Chronic Disease: Total Score exercise/activity + Total score positive food choices – total score negative food choices – Total number of Alcoholic drinks/week. Higher score is better health habits |
4. Functional Impairment: [Total Score of Q41-Q44 impact of health + Total score of Q45-50 symptoms]; higher value is more impairment |
5. Independent Self Care Agency [Q61 – Q73]. Higher value is higher agency |
6. Overall confidence in Achieving Goals Selected: Compute the average confidence score across available scores: Q92 + Q95 + Q98/3 or the # scores available; |
7. Goal Setting Competency: Overall importance of goals selected + overall confidence in achieving goals selected (higher is better) |
Statistical analysis
Results
Sample
Overall | HL | “Usual care” | |
---|---|---|---|
N = 122 |
N = 59 |
N = 63 | |
Categorical Variables n (%)
| |||
Sex | |||
Female, n (%) | 99(81.8) | 48(48.5) | 51(51.5) |
Male, n (%) | 21(17.4) | 11(52.4) | 10(47.6) |
Prefer not to answer, n (%) | 1(0.8) | 0(0) | 1(100) |
Living with spouse/Partner | |||
Yes, n (%) | 48(40.0) | 21(43.7) | 27(56.3) |
No, n (%) | 72(60.0) | 38(52.7) | 34(47.2) |
Education | |||
Less than Bachelor's, n (%) | 43(35.8) | 23(53.5) | 20(46.5) |
Bachelor's, n (%) | 32(26.7) | 17(53.1) | 15(46.9) |
Graduate/Professional, n (%) | 45(37.5) | 19(42.2) | 26(57.8) |
Race | |||
African American, n (%) | 54(45.0) | 29 (49.2) | 25(41.0) |
White, n (%) | 58(48.3) | 26(44.1) | 32(52.5) |
Other, n (%) | 8(6.7) | 4(6.8) | 4(6.6) |
Prefer not to answer, n (%) | 2(1.6) | 0(0) | 2(3.2) |
Income group | |||
$0—$20,000, n (%) | 22(18.4) | 12(54.5) | 10(45.5) |
$21,000—$50,000, n (%) | 40(33.6) | 19(47.5) | 21(52.5) |
$51,000—$100,000, n (%) | 41(34.5) | 24(58.5) | 17(41.5) |
Greater than $100,000, n (%) | 16(13.5) | 3(18.75) | 13(81.25) |
Number of participants with chronic conditions/diseases: | |||
Chest pain | 7 | 5 | 2 |
Slow heartbeat | 6 | 5 | 1 |
Fast heartbeat/palpitations | 14 | 6 | 8 |
High blood pressure | 65 | 30 | 35 |
Swelling in legs | 17 | 11 | 6 |
Cold hands/feet | 30 | 12 | 18 |
Heart murmurs | 14 | 10 | 4 |
Heart attack | 4 | 4 | 0 |
History of rheumatic fever | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Diabetes | 17 | 9 | 8 |
Continuous Items: Mean (SD)
| |||
Age, mean (SD) | 71.0(9.0) | 72.7(9.0) | 69.4(8.8) |
Number of medications, mean (SD) | 5.0(3.0) | 5.2(2.9) | 4.8(3.1) |
Baseline Priority Health Related Goals by Category [Q91,94,97], # of mentions | |||
Exercise/Activity | 75 | 34 | 41 |
Diet/Weight | 88 | 45 | 43 |
Health – Physical | 69 | 31 | 38 |
Health – Mental | 22 | 10 | 12 |
Sleep | 15 | 8 | 7 |
Medication | 6 | 2 | 4 |
Evaluation outcomes
Variable | Group (Mean, SD) | Group (Mean, SD) | Group (Mean, SD) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time = 0
|
Time = 8
|
Time = 20
| ||||
HL (n = 59) | Usual Care (n = 63) | HL (n = 58) | Usual Care (n = 61) | HL (n = 57) | Usual Care (n = 59) | |
Exercise Composite Measure. Higher is more exercise
| 5.31 (2.85) | 4.54 (3.25) | 6.95 (3.43) | 4.87 (3.3) | 7.36 (3.85) | 5.76 (3.75) |
Eating and Drinking—Higher is better
| 2.19 (3.72) | 2.63 (3.76) | 4.09 (3.51) | 3.07 (3.57) | 3.61 (3.47) | 2.91 (3.38) |
Health Habits that modify risk of Chronic Disease—Higher is better
| 7.49 (5.04) | 7.17 (5.66) | 11.03 (5.22) | 7.93 (5.17) | 9.75 (5.07) | 8.67 (5.07) |
Functional Impairment—Higher value is worse
| 14.71 (7.29) | 15.49 (7.52) | 12.45 (6.86) | 13.98 (7.83) | 13.22 (7.5) | 13.43 (6.76) |
Independent self-care agency—Higher score is better
| 100.36 (25.39) | 98.98 (21.46) | 109.71 (19.54) | 101.07 (23.3) | 110.53 (19.8) | 107.29 (17.98) |
Importance to achieve these goals (average)- NUMERIC | 8.74 (1.36) | 8.49 (2.23) | 9.1 (1.57) | 8.6 (1.81) | 9.01 (1.26) | 8.83 (1.07) |
Confidence to achieve these goals (average)- NUMERIC | 7.26 (1.93) | 6.6 (1.92) | 8.68 (1.81) | 7.47 (1.69) | 8.47 (1.48) | 7.65 (1.5) |
Goal setting competency—Higher is better
| 16.0 (2.77) | 15.37 (3.0) | 17.77 (3.15) | 16.33 (2.61) | 17.56 (2.37) | 16.49 (2.23) |
Q74-85 Medication taking self-care efficacy. Higher score is more confident
| 20.61 (3.36) | 19.57 (4.72) | 22.78 (2.09) | 20.87 (4.7) | 21.86 (2.77) | 20.87 (4.0) |
Multivariable Analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | Standard Error |
p-value | ||
Outcome 1: Health Habits that modify risk of Chronic disease
| ||||
Intercept (Multivariable) | 6.7 | 0.95 | ||
Time | 0 | (reference) | .0011 | |
8 | 0.72 | 0.85 | ||
20 | 1.28 | 0.86 | ||
Interaction: Time and Group | Time*Group | .0005 | ||
(reference) | ||||
Time = 8*Group = HL | 3.06 | 1 | ||
Time = 20*Group = HL | 2.35 | 1 | ||
Income | Greater than $100,000 | (reference) | .0056 | |
$0—$20,000 | 1.33 | 1.04 | ||
$21,000—$50,000 | 3.22 | 0.93 | ||
$51,000—$100,000 | 1.47 | 0.93 | ||
Number of Medications | -0.22 | 0.1 | .0241 | |
Outcome 2: Independent Self-Care Agency
| ||||
Intercept (Multivariable) | 104.1 | 3.86 | ||
Time | 0 | (reference) | .0071 | |
8 | 1.83 | 2.91 | ||
20 | 8.13 | 2.95 | ||
Living with spouse/Partner | Yes | (reference) | .0117 | |
No | -8.11 | 2.74 | ||
White | Yes | (reference) | .0037 | |
No | 7.08 | 2.42 | ||
Education | Graduate/Professional | (reference) | .0147 | |
Less than Bachelor's | -5.42 | 2.85 | ||
Bachelor's | 4.69 | 2.97 | ||
Income group | Greater than $100,000 | (reference) | .0042 | |
$0—$20,000 | 5.09 | 4.77 | ||
$21,000—$50,000 | 11.27 | 4.21 | ||
$51,000—$100,000 | 4.03 | 3.62 | ||
Time*Group*High BP | (reference) | .007 | ||
Time = 8*Group = HL *High BP = Yes | 13.46 | 4.37 | ||
Time = 20*Group = HL *High BP = Yes | 3.19 | 4.4 | ||
Number of Medications | -1.83 | 0.39 | < .0001 |