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Erschienen in: Der Radiologe 9/2014

01.09.2014 | Leitthema

Abdominelles Polytrauma und Parenchymorgane

verfasst von: PD Dr. C.R. Krestan

Erschienen in: Die Radiologie | Ausgabe 9/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Klinisches Problem

Die akute radiologische Diagnostik bei Polytraumapatienten ist in den letzten Jahren unerlässlicher Bestandteil der interdisziplinären Versorgung im Schockraum geworden. Die Inzidenz von Polytraumata mit einem Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 16 beträgt in Europa ca. 450/Mio. Einwohner/Jahr. Verletzungen abdomineller Parenchymorgane sind von enormer Bedeutung für die Prognose und Therapie polytraumatisierter Patienten. Die Verletzungsmuster sind komplex und erfordern eine große Erfahrung, um sie in Minutenschnelle analysieren zu können. Im nachfolgenden Übersichtsartikel werden die radiologische Diagnostik und die klinisch-radiologische Graduierung der Verletzungen von Milz, Leber, Pankreas und Nieren beschrieben.

Radiologische Standardverfahren

Es wird der Stellenwert der Ultraschalldiagnostik bei der Abklärung von Polytraumapatienten beschrieben. Für die oben genannten Organe werden die wichtigsten traumaassoziierten Veränderungen in der Computertomographie beschrieben und in Form prägnanter Fallbeispiele veranschaulicht.

Methodische Innovationen

Ultraschallkontrastmittel können diagnostisch wertvolle Zusatzinformationen beim Focused-Assessment-Sonography-for-Trauma(FAST)-Scan der Parenchymorgane liefern. Die Computertomographie hat sich als bildgebendes Standardverfahren zur Abklärung von Polytraumapatienten etabliert. Innovative organadaptierte Protokolle und Kontrastmittelapplikationen verbessern die diagnostische Treffsicherheit der Multidetektor(MD)-CT.

Empfehlung für die Praxis

Einsatz des FAST-Scans in Abstimmung mit den anderen klinischen Fächern des Traumateams als Screeningmethode. Die Anwendung der MDCT ist traumaabhängig, und die Klassifizierung des Verletzungsgrads der parenchymatösen Organe ist letztendlich für die weitere Therapie und Prognose entscheidend.
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Metadaten
Titel
Abdominelles Polytrauma und Parenchymorgane
verfasst von
PD Dr. C.R. Krestan
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Radiologie / Ausgabe 9/2014
Print ISSN: 2731-7048
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7056
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-013-2636-9

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