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Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 6/2016

10.11.2015 | Originalien

Adäquate Volumensubstitution bei septischem Schock unter hohen Katecholamindosen

verfasst von: Dr. J.C. Lewejohann, H. Braasch, M. Hansen, C. Zimmermann, E Muhl, T. Keck

Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin | Ausgabe 6/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Beim septischen Schock sollten vasokonstriktorische und positiv inotrope Substanzen möglichst erst dann eingesetzt werden, wenn sich Blutdruck und Organperfusion trotz Vorlastoptimierung nicht adäquat verbessern lassen. Der zunehmende Einsatz des hämodynamischen Monitorings hat gezeigt, dass in einigen Fällen bei initial unzureichender Volumensubstitution hoch dosierte Katecholamine Verwendung finden. Ziel der Studie ist zu zeigen, dass es in einigen Fällen möglich ist, durch eine dem Bedarf entsprechende Volumensubstitution verbunden mit einer gezielten Reduktion der Katecholamindosis deren Bedarf zu reduzieren.

Material und Methoden

In einer retrospektiven Beobachtungsstudie wurden 29 Patienten einer chirurgischen Intensivstation (17 männlich, 12 weiblich; mittleres Alter ± Standardfehler: 71 ± 10 Jahre) mit septischem Schock analysiert, die hoch dosiert Katecholamine erhielten (Noradrenalin 0,204; Dobutamin 3,876; Adrenalin 0,025 µg/kgKG/min im Median; bis zu 0,810/22,222/0,407 µg/kgKG/min; 28/20/17 Patienten). Die Extremitäten waren initial bei allen Patienten kühl und marmoriert, während der mittlere arterielle Druck ≥ 65 mmHg war. Der mediane zentrale Venendruck betrug 17 mmHg (5–34 mmHg), der Laktatspiegel 2,78 mmol/l (0,93–10,67 mmol/l). Das Standardtherapiekonzept umfasste eine forcierte, dem Bedarf entsprechende Volumensubstitution, kombiniert mit einer aktiven Reduktion vasokonstriktorischer und positiv inotroper Substanzen, deren Ausmaß mithilfe eines Autotransfusionsmanövers, klinischer Zeichen und in 19 Fällen mithilfe eines hämodynamischen Monitorings gesteuert wurde (Pulmonaliskatheter, Vigilance II: n = 10; FloTrac, Vigileo: n = 9, davon PreSpep: n = 5, Edwards Lifesciences). Der Volumenbelastungstest wurde bei Wiedererwärmung der Extremitäten, ansteigenden Diuresemengen und fehlender Reaktion auf das Autotransfusionsmanöver beendet.

Ergebnisse

Die mittlere Katecholamindosis ließ sich bei allen Patienten signifikant reduzieren: Noradrenalin 0, Dobutamin 1,852, Adrenalin 0 µg/kgKG/min (bis zu 0,133/6,289/0,091 µg/kgKG/min; p < 0,05, Wilcoxon-Vorzeichenrangsummentest). Volumenbelastungstest: + 4.500 ml Ringer-Lösung (0–24.000 ml) und + 1.000 ml Hydroxyethylstärke (0–2.500 ml); mittlere Bilanz + 6.465 ml (2.040–27.255 ml); mittlere Weaning-Zeit von den Katecholaminen 12 h (4–43 h). Alle Patienten hatten anschließend wieder erwärmte Extremitäten. Die Laktatspiegel fielen auf 2,05 mmol/l (0,7–5,4 mmol/l). Die messbaren hämodynamischen Veränderungen differierten interindividuell deutlich, es trat jedoch keine kardiale Dekompensation auf. Der paO2/FiO2 veränderte sich nichtsignifikant von 264 mmHg (75–418 mmHg) auf 250 mmHg (120–467 mmHg; Median, Bereich). 20 Patienten überlebten, 9 verstarben.

Schlussfolgerungen

Bei einem nicht unerheblichen Anteil septischer Schockpatienten, die mit hoch dosierten Katecholaminen behandelt werden, ist es möglich, diese in Kombination mit einem bedarfsadaptierten, forcierten Volumenbelastungstest zu reduzieren. Die Bedeutung einer adäquaten dem Bedarf entsprechenden Volumensubstitution vor dem Einsatz hoch dosierter Katecholamine wird durch unsere Ergebnisse bestätigt. Sie sollte sich an klinischen und wenn möglich hämodynamischen Parametern orientieren und nicht unterschätzt werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Adäquate Volumensubstitution bei septischem Schock unter hohen Katecholamindosen
verfasst von
Dr. J.C. Lewejohann
H. Braasch
M. Hansen
C. Zimmermann
E Muhl
T. Keck
Publikationsdatum
10.11.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin / Ausgabe 6/2016
Print ISSN: 2193-6218
Elektronische ISSN: 2193-6226
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-015-0111-2

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