Background
Methods
Study population
The questionnaire
Additional data collection
Data preparation
Data analysis
Results
Respondent characteristics
Variable | All POE (n, (%)) | Ports (n, (%)) | Airports (n, (%)) | Ground-crossings (n, (%)) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number (n) | 50 (100) | 27 (54.0)* | 18 (36)* | 5 (10)* |
Countries | 19 (100) | 17 (89)* | 17 (89)* | 4 (21)* |
Response Rate for countries | 19/26 (73) | 17/26 (65) | 17/26 (65) | 4/26 (15) |
Gender | ||||
Male | 26 (52) | 14 (52) | 9 (50) | 3 (60) |
Female | 24 (48) | 13 (48) | 9 (50) | 2 (40) |
Working level | ||||
National level | 20 (40) | 7 (26) | 10 (56) | 3 (60) |
Regional level | 16 (32) | 10 (37) | 4 (22) | 2 (40) |
Port level | 14 (28) | 10 (37) | 4 (22) | 0 (0) |
Sector | ||||
Public sector | 48 (95) | 26 (96) | 17 (94) | 5 (100) |
Private sector | 2 (5) | 1 (4) | 1 (6) | 0 (0) |
Highest completed education | ||||
Secondary education | 2 (4) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) |
Vocational education | 1 (2) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Higher professional education | 5 (10) | 3 (11) | 2 (11) | 0 (0) |
University | 42 (84) | 22 (81) | 16 (89) | 4 (80) |
Years experience in the current job | 14.8 (8.2)^ | 14.9 (7.7)^ | 14.5 (9.6)^ | 15.6 (7.2)^ |
Experience
Topics | Training in last 3 years | Importance | Training needs | Difference | High score | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | Modus (H; M; L/N) | mean (SD) (0 = N; 1 = L; 2 = M; 3 = H) | Modus (H; M; L/N) | mean (SD) (0 = N; 1 = L; 2 = M; 3 = H) | ∆ (Z-score (p-value))c | ||
A – Knowledge of public health risks | 20 (40) | M | 2.09 (.70) (α.842)b | M | 1.81 (.69) (α.857)b | −1.885 (.059) | |
A1 – biological agents | H | 2.44 (.76) | M | 1.94 (.79) | −3.570 (<.001)a | ||
A2 – chemical agents | M | 2.00 (.80) | M | 1.81 (.79) | −1.153 (.249) | ||
A3 - radiological agents | M | 1.77 (.83) | M | 1.66 (.82) | −.590 (.555) | ||
B – Safe environment | 15 (30) | H | 2.16 (.72) (α.859)b | L/N | 1.75 (.86) (α.911)b | −3.847 (<.001)a | |
B1 - Inspection programs | H | 2.39 (.81) | H; M | 1.94 (1.00) | −3.598 (<.001)a | ! | |
B2 - Vector control at/near the PoE | H | 2.27 (.93) | H; M | 1.98 (.98) | −2.083 (.037)a | ! | |
B3 - Food- and water safety | H | 2.38 (.92) | L/N | 1.84 (1.06) | −3.842 (<.001)a | ||
B4 - Public washrooms; waste management | M | 2.06 (.87) | L/N | 1.54 (1.03) | −3.701 (<.001)a | ||
B5 - Air quality | L/N | 1.71 (1.01) | L/N | 1.46 (.98) | −1.989 (.047)a | ||
C – Routine vessel inspections | 22 (44) | H | 2.23 (.79) (α.926)b | H; L/N | 1.87 (.92) (α.971)b | −3.178 (.001)a | ! |
C1 – standard operating procedures; | H | 2.47 (.79) | H | 2.04 (.99) | −3.631 (<.001)a | ! | |
C2 – Sewage; solid- and medical wastes; | H | 2.06 (.99) | L/N | 1.73 (.97) | −2.724 (.006)a | ||
C3 –Food- and water safety; | H | 2.29 (.96) | H; L/N | 1.88 (1.05) | −3.021 (.003)a | ! | |
C4 – Assessment of required health documents; | H | 2.31 (.96) | H | 1.90 (1.10) | −2.634 (.008)a | ! | |
C5 – Ballast water managementa. | H; L/N | 1.92 (1.10) | H | 1.92 (1.02) | −.104 (.917) | ! | |
D – Ill travelers | 16 (32) | H | 2.41 (.86) (α.952)b | H | 2.15 (.90) (α.948)b | −2.374 (.018)a | ! |
D1 – Use of protective equipment; | H | 2.50 (.85) | H | 2.24 (.95) | −2.368 (.018)a | ! | |
D2 – Safe removal of travellers for assessment, care, quarantine or isolation; | H | 2.42 (.90) | H | 2.20 (.96) | −1.969 (.049)a | ! | |
D3 – Triage; | H | 2.44 (.97) | H | 2.17 (1.02) | −2.156 (.031)a | ! | |
D4 – Approaching diagnostic facilities and medical services. | H | 2.29 (.94) | H | 2.00 (.97) | −2.442 (.015)a | ! | |
E – PHEC plan | 17 (34) | H | 2.49 (.72) (α.836)b | M | 1.92 (.93) (α.942)b | −4.001 (<.001)a | |
E1 – Composing and updating; | H | 2.56 (.76) | M | 1.94 (1.00) | −3.665 (<.001)a | ||
E2 – Adequate and timely usage; | H | 2.48 (.79) | M | 2.02 (.98) | −3.535 (<.001)a | ||
E3 – Arrangements with local medical services. | H | 2.43 (.89) | M | 1.87 (1.00) | −3.945 (<.001)a | ||
F – Prevention measures | 10 (20) | H | 2.38 (.66) (α.836)b | H | 2.08 (.88) (α.908)b | −2.560 (.010)a | ! |
F1 – disinsection, deratting, disinfection, decontamination; | H | 2.60 (.64) | H | 2.17 (.91) | −3.377 (.001)a | ! | |
F2 – Treating goods, baggage, cargo or postal parcels; | H | 2.23 (.88) | H | 2.00 (1.03) | −2.000 (.046)a | ! | |
F3 – Treating containers or vessels. | H | 2.31 (.75) | M | 2.08 (.92) | −1.932 (.053) | ||
G – Ill and exposed travelers | 15 (30) | H | 2.53 (.68) (α.923)b | H | 2.13 (.87) (α.939)b | −3.432 (.001)a | ! |
G1 – Use of protective equipment; | H | 2.67 (.66) | H | 2.28 (.91) | −3.260 (.001)a | ! | |
G2 – Use of space for assessment, care, quarantine or isolation; | H | 2.55 (.74) | H | 2.17 (.90) | −3.378 (.001)a | ! | |
G3 – Interview and triage; | H | 2.50 (.80) | H | 2.04 (1.01) | −3.359 (.001)a | ! | |
G4 – Safe transfer of suspected travelers | H | 2.42 (.82) | H/M | 2.02 (.95) | −3.285 (.001)a | ! | |
H – Affected animals | 4 (8) | L/N | 1.71 (1.04) (α.950)b | L/N | 1.41 (1.08) (α.979)b | −2.534 (.011)a | |
H1 – Arrangements with local veterinary services; | L/N | 1.72 (1.07) | L/N | 1.45 (1.06) | −1.880 (.060) | ||
H2 – Infection control; | H; L/N | 1.82 (1.13) | L/N | 1.48 (1.13) | −2.348 (.019)a | ||
H3 – Care or treatment | L/N | 1.62 (1.07) | L/N | 1.31 (1.12) | −1.949 (.051) |
Importance
Training needs
Ports, airports, and ground-crossings
Topic | Ports (n = 27) | Airports (n = 18) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Importance (mean (SD) – modus (n)) | Training needs (mean (SD) – modus (n)) | Importance (mean (SD) – modus (n)) | Training needs (mean (SD) – modus (n)) | |||
A –public health risks | 2.02 (.83)a | 1.78 (.77) Mod (16) | 2.17 (.49) Mod (13) | 1.82 (.62) Mod (13) | ||
B – Safe environment | 2.38 (.70) High (16) | 1.94 (.91) Mod (12) | 1.96 (.69) Mod (9) | 1.54 (.76) Mod (9) | ||
C – Routine vessel inspections | 2.33 (.84) High (15) | 2.03 (1.00) High (12) | ! | 2.10 (.77) High (8) | 1.66 (.77) Mod (9) | |
D – Ill travelers | 2.38 (.90) High (15) | 2.19 (.95) High (14) | ! | 2.60 (.70) High (12) | 2.24 (.79) Mod (9) | |
E – PHEC plan | 2.60 (.67) High (18) | 1.96 (1.00) Mod (10) | 2.57 (.56) High (11) | 1.94 (.72) High (12) | ! | |
F – Prevention measures | 2.44 (.70) High (14) | 2.19 (.90) High (12) | ! | 2.41 (.57) High (8) | 2.08 (.82) Mod (9) | |
G – Ill and exposed travelers | 2.58 (.67) High (16) | 2.17 (.97) High (13) | ! | 2.61 (.64) High (12) | 2.15 (.76) Mod (9) | |
H – Affected animals | 1.78 (1.02) Low/No (9) | 1.56 (1.11) Low/No (11) | 1.84 (.1.05) High(6);Mod (6) | 1.46 (1.07) Low/No (8) |