Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Epileptologie 3/2015

01.08.2015 | Übersichten

Bewusstseinsstörungen während epileptischer Anfälle

verfasst von: G. Bauer, G. Walser, I. Unterberger

Erschienen in: Clinical Epileptology | Ausgabe 3/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Jeder Anfall verändert das Bewusstsein, sei es quantitativ (Wachheit) oder qualitativ (Inhalte). Absencen und fokale komplexe Anfälle sowie deren Statusformen sind durch Bewusstseinsstörungen mit Reaktions- und Erinnerungslosigkeit gekennzeichnet. Aufgrund von Befunden simultaner Untersuchungen durch Elektroenzephalographie (EEG) und funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie wurde eine kausale Funktionsstörung der Wecksysteme angenommen. Klinische und EEG-Untersuchungen hingegen favorisieren eine rein kortikale Ausbreitung der inhibitorischen Komponente des Anfallsgeschehens. Ausgedehnte kortikale Defizitsymptome im „unresponsive wakefullness syndrome“ oder im minimal-bewussten Zustand gehen einher mit einer kompensatorischen Überaktivität der Wecksysteme. Die Befunde bei Anfällen könnten analog erklärt werden. Die Propagation des Anfalls mündet in einer diffusen kortikalen Inhibition (Bewusstseinsstörung) und tiefe Strukturen reagieren sekundär mit einem Weckversuch. Im Grand mal hingegen sind die Patienten komatös, eine direkte Rolle der Wecksysteme scheint wahrscheinlich. Bewusstseinsstörungen dienen als Kriterium für die Klassifikation von Anfällen. Die Überbetonung dieses Kriteriums geht mit einem Informationsverlust einher. Ein einfaches Sammeln von verifizierbaren Symptomen kann davor schützen.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Aguglia U, Gambardella A, Le Piane E et al (1999) Idiopathic generalized epilepsies with versive or circling seizures. Acta Neurol Scand 99:219–224PubMed Aguglia U, Gambardella A, Le Piane E et al (1999) Idiopathic generalized epilepsies with versive or circling seizures. Acta Neurol Scand 99:219–224PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Amor F, Baillet S, Navarro V et al (2009) Cortical local and long-range synchronization interplay in human absence seizure initiation. Neuroimage 45:950–962PubMed Amor F, Baillet S, Navarro V et al (2009) Cortical local and long-range synchronization interplay in human absence seizure initiation. Neuroimage 45:950–962PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Archer JS, Abbott DF, Waites AB, Jackson GD (2003) fMRI „deactivation“ of posterior cingulate during generalized spike and wave. NeuroImage 20:1915–1922PubMed Archer JS, Abbott DF, Waites AB, Jackson GD (2003) fMRI „deactivation“ of posterior cingulate during generalized spike and wave. NeuroImage 20:1915–1922PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Arthuis M, Valton L, Régis J et al (2009) Impaired consciousness during temporal lobe seizures is related to increased long-distance cortical-subcortical synchronization. Brain 132:2091–2101PubMed Arthuis M, Valton L, Régis J et al (2009) Impaired consciousness during temporal lobe seizures is related to increased long-distance cortical-subcortical synchronization. Brain 132:2091–2101PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Bauer G (1973) Katamnestische Studien bei 3/sec-spike-and-wave-Trägern. Fortschr Neurol Psychiat 41:177–224 Bauer G (1973) Katamnestische Studien bei 3/sec-spike-and-wave-Trägern. Fortschr Neurol Psychiat 41:177–224
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bauer G (2005) Coma and brain death. In: Niedermeyer E, Lopes da Silva F (Hrsg) Electroencephalography, 5. Aufl. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, S 471–487 Bauer G (2005) Coma and brain death. In: Niedermeyer E, Lopes da Silva F (Hrsg) Electroencephalography, 5. Aufl. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, S 471–487
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bauer G, Aichner F, Klingler D (1982) Aktivitäten im Alpha-Frequenzbereich und Koma. EEG EMG Z Elektroenzephalogr Elektromyogr Verwandte Geb 13:28–33PubMed Bauer G, Aichner F, Klingler D (1982) Aktivitäten im Alpha-Frequenzbereich und Koma. EEG EMG Z Elektroenzephalogr Elektromyogr Verwandte Geb 13:28–33PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Bauer G, Broessner G, Unterberger I et al (2008) Head turning as a prominent motor symptom in status epilepticus. Epileptic Disord 10:119–129PubMed Bauer G, Broessner G, Unterberger I et al (2008) Head turning as a prominent motor symptom in status epilepticus. Epileptic Disord 10:119–129PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Bauer G, Dobesberger J, Bauer R et al (2006) Prefrontal disturbances as the sole manifestation of simple partial nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav 8:331–335PubMed Bauer G, Dobesberger J, Bauer R et al (2006) Prefrontal disturbances as the sole manifestation of simple partial nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav 8:331–335PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Bauer G, Gerstenbrand F, Rumpl E (1979) Varieties of the locked-in syndrome. J Neurol 221:77–91PubMed Bauer G, Gerstenbrand F, Rumpl E (1979) Varieties of the locked-in syndrome. J Neurol 221:77–91PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Bauer G, Trinka E (2010) Nonconvulsive status epilepticus and coma. Epilepsia 51:177–190PubMed Bauer G, Trinka E (2010) Nonconvulsive status epilepticus and coma. Epilepsia 51:177–190PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Baykan B, Altindag E, Feddersen B et al (2011) Does semiology tell us the origin of seizures consisting mainly of an alteration in consciousness? Epilepsia 52:1459–1466PubMed Baykan B, Altindag E, Feddersen B et al (2011) Does semiology tell us the origin of seizures consisting mainly of an alteration in consciousness? Epilepsia 52:1459–1466PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Bell WL, Park YD, Thompson EA, Radtke RA (1998) Ictal cognitive assessment of partial seizures and pseudoseizures. Arch Neurol 55:1456–1459PubMed Bell WL, Park YD, Thompson EA, Radtke RA (1998) Ictal cognitive assessment of partial seizures and pseudoseizures. Arch Neurol 55:1456–1459PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ et al (2010) Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE commission on classification and terminology, 2005–2009. Epilepsia 51:676–685PubMed Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ et al (2010) Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE commission on classification and terminology, 2005–2009. Epilepsia 51:676–685PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Berman R, Negishi M, Vestal M et al (2011) Simultaneous EEG, fMRI, and behaviour in typical childhood absence seizures. Epilepsia 51:2011–2022 Berman R, Negishi M, Vestal M et al (2011) Simultaneous EEG, fMRI, and behaviour in typical childhood absence seizures. Epilepsia 51:2011–2022
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Bleuler M, Willi J, Bühler HR (1966) Akute psychische Begleiterscheinungen körperlicher Erkrankungen. Thieme, Stuttgart Bleuler M, Willi J, Bühler HR (1966) Akute psychische Begleiterscheinungen körperlicher Erkrankungen. Thieme, Stuttgart
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Blume WT, Lemieux JF (1988) Morphology in spike-and-wave complexes. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 69:508–515PubMed Blume WT, Lemieux JF (1988) Morphology in spike-and-wave complexes. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 69:508–515PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Blume WT, Lüders HO, Mizrahi E et al (2001) Glossary of ictal semiology. Epilepsia 42:1212–1218PubMed Blume WT, Lüders HO, Mizrahi E et al (2001) Glossary of ictal semiology. Epilepsia 42:1212–1218PubMed
19.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Blumenfeld H, McNally KA, Vanderhil SD et al (2004) Positive and negative network correlations in temporal lobe epilepsy. Cereb Cortex 14:892–902PubMed Blumenfeld H, McNally KA, Vanderhil SD et al (2004) Positive and negative network correlations in temporal lobe epilepsy. Cereb Cortex 14:892–902PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Blumenfeld H, Meador KJ (2014) Consciousness as a useful concept in epilepsy classification. Epilepsia 55:1145–1150PubMedCentralPubMed Blumenfeld H, Meador KJ (2014) Consciousness as a useful concept in epilepsy classification. Epilepsia 55:1145–1150PubMedCentralPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Blumenfeld H, Taylor J (2003) Why do seizures cause loss of consciousness? Neuroscientist 9:301–310PubMed Blumenfeld H, Taylor J (2003) Why do seizures cause loss of consciousness? Neuroscientist 9:301–310PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Blumenfeld H, Varghese GI, Purcaro MJ et al (2009) Cortical and subcortical networks in human secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Brain 132:999–1012PubMedCentralPubMed Blumenfeld H, Varghese GI, Purcaro MJ et al (2009) Cortical and subcortical networks in human secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Brain 132:999–1012PubMedCentralPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Browne TR, Penry JK, Porter RJ, Dreifuss FE (1974) Responsiveness before, during, and after spike-wave paroxysms. Neurology 24:659–665PubMed Browne TR, Penry JK, Porter RJ, Dreifuss FE (1974) Responsiveness before, during, and after spike-wave paroxysms. Neurology 24:659–665PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Buckner RI, Andrews-Hanna JR, Schacter DL (2008) The brain’s default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1124:1–38PubMed Buckner RI, Andrews-Hanna JR, Schacter DL (2008) The brain’s default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1124:1–38PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Caplan R, Levitt J, Siddarth P et al (2009) Frontal and temporal volumes in childhood absence epilepsy. Epilepsia 50:2466–2472PubMed Caplan R, Levitt J, Siddarth P et al (2009) Frontal and temporal volumes in childhood absence epilepsy. Epilepsia 50:2466–2472PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Carney PW, Masterton RAJ, Flanagan D et al (2012) The frontal lobe in absence epilepsy. EEG-fMRI findings. Neurology 78:1157–1165PubMed Carney PW, Masterton RAJ, Flanagan D et al (2012) The frontal lobe in absence epilepsy. EEG-fMRI findings. Neurology 78:1157–1165PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Cavanna AE, Ali F (2011) Epilepsy: the quintessential pathology of consciousness. Behav Neurol 24:3–10PubMed Cavanna AE, Ali F (2011) Epilepsy: the quintessential pathology of consciousness. Behav Neurol 24:3–10PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Chatrian G-E, Turella GS (2003) Electrophysiological evaluation of coma, other states of diminished responsiveness, and brain death. In: Ebersole JS, Pedley TA (Hrsg) Current practice of clinical electroencephalography, 3. Aufl. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, S 405–462 Chatrian G-E, Turella GS (2003) Electrophysiological evaluation of coma, other states of diminished responsiveness, and brain death. In: Ebersole JS, Pedley TA (Hrsg) Current practice of clinical electroencephalography, 3. Aufl. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, S 405–462
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen CAN, Feng W, Zhao H et al (2008) EEG default mode network in the human brain: spectral regional field powers. NeuroImage 41:561–574PubMed Chen CAN, Feng W, Zhao H et al (2008) EEG default mode network in the human brain: spectral regional field powers. NeuroImage 41:561–574PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Chin PS, Miller JW (2004) Ictal head version in generalized epilepsy. Neurology 63:370–372PubMed Chin PS, Miller JW (2004) Ictal head version in generalized epilepsy. Neurology 63:370–372PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Commission on Classification and Terminology of the ILAE (1981) Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures. Epilepsia 22:489–501 Commission on Classification and Terminology of the ILAE (1981) Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures. Epilepsia 22:489–501
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Dehaene S, Naccache L (2001) Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: basic evidence and a workshop framework. Cognition 79:1–37PubMed Dehaene S, Naccache L (2001) Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: basic evidence and a workshop framework. Cognition 79:1–37PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Delacour J (1997) Neurobiology of consciousness: an overview. Behav Brain Res 85:127–141PubMed Delacour J (1997) Neurobiology of consciousness: an overview. Behav Brain Res 85:127–141PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat DeToledo JC, Ramsay RE (1996) Patterns of involvement of facial muscles during epileptic and nonepileptic events: review of 654 events. Neurology 47:621–625PubMed DeToledo JC, Ramsay RE (1996) Patterns of involvement of facial muscles during epileptic and nonepileptic events: review of 654 events. Neurology 47:621–625PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat DiFrancesco MW, Holland SK, Szaflarski JP (2008) Simultaneous EEG/functional magnetic resonance imaging at 4 tesla: correlates of brain activity to spontaneous alpha rhythm during relaxation. J Clin Neurophysiol 25:255–264PubMedCentralPubMed DiFrancesco MW, Holland SK, Szaflarski JP (2008) Simultaneous EEG/functional magnetic resonance imaging at 4 tesla: correlates of brain activity to spontaneous alpha rhythm during relaxation. J Clin Neurophysiol 25:255–264PubMedCentralPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Engel J (2001) A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy: report of the ILAE task force on classification and terminology. Epilepsia 42:796–803PubMed Engel J (2001) A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy: report of the ILAE task force on classification and terminology. Epilepsia 42:796–803PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Engel J (2006) Report of the ILAE classification core group. Epilepsia 47:1558–1568PubMed Engel J (2006) Report of the ILAE classification core group. Epilepsia 47:1558–1568PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Engel J, Kuhl DE, Phelps ME (1982) Patterns of human local cerebral glucose metabolism during epileptic seizures. Science 218:64–66PubMed Engel J, Kuhl DE, Phelps ME (1982) Patterns of human local cerebral glucose metabolism during epileptic seizures. Science 218:64–66PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Englot DJ, Yang L, Hamid H et al (2010) Impaired consciousness in temporal lobe seizures: role of cortical slow activity. Brain 133:3764–3777PubMedCentralPubMed Englot DJ, Yang L, Hamid H et al (2010) Impaired consciousness in temporal lobe seizures: role of cortical slow activity. Brain 133:3764–3777PubMedCentralPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Escueta AVD, Bascal FE, Treiman DM (1982) Complex partial seizures on closed-circuit television and EEG: a study of 691 attacks in 79 patients. Ann Neurol 11:292–300PubMed Escueta AVD, Bascal FE, Treiman DM (1982) Complex partial seizures on closed-circuit television and EEG: a study of 691 attacks in 79 patients. Ann Neurol 11:292–300PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Forgacs PB, Conte MM, Fridman EA et al (2014) Preservation of electroencephalographic organization in patients with impaired consciousness and imaging-based evidence of command-following. Ann Neurol 76:869–879PubMedCentralPubMed Forgacs PB, Conte MM, Fridman EA et al (2014) Preservation of electroencephalographic organization in patients with impaired consciousness and imaging-based evidence of command-following. Ann Neurol 76:869–879PubMedCentralPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Fox MD, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL et al (2005) The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:9673–9678PubMedCentralPubMed Fox MD, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL et al (2005) The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:9673–9678PubMedCentralPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Frith C, Perry R, Lumer E (1999) The neural correlates of conscious experience: an experimental framework. Trends Cogn Sci 3:105–114PubMed Frith C, Perry R, Lumer E (1999) The neural correlates of conscious experience: an experimental framework. Trends Cogn Sci 3:105–114PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Fromm GH (1986) Role of inhibitory mechanisms in staring spells 1. J Clin Neurophysiol 3:297PubMed Fromm GH (1986) Role of inhibitory mechanisms in staring spells 1. J Clin Neurophysiol 3:297PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Gastaut H, Broughton R (1972) Epileptic seizures. Thomas, Springfield-Illinois Gastaut H, Broughton R (1972) Epileptic seizures. Thomas, Springfield-Illinois
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerstenbrand F (1967) Das traumatische apallische Syndrom. Springer, Wien Gerstenbrand F (1967) Das traumatische apallische Syndrom. Springer, Wien
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerstenbrand F, Lücking CH (1970) Die akuten traumatischen Hirnstammschäden. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 213:264–281PubMed Gerstenbrand F, Lücking CH (1970) Die akuten traumatischen Hirnstammschäden. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 213:264–281PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Giacino JT, Ashwal S, Childs N et al (2002) The minimally conscious state. Definition and diagnostic criteria. Neurology 58:349–353PubMed Giacino JT, Ashwal S, Childs N et al (2002) The minimally conscious state. Definition and diagnostic criteria. Neurology 58:349–353PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Gloor P (1986) Consciousness as a neurological concept in epileptology: a critical review. Epilepsia 27(Suppl 2):S14–S26PubMed Gloor P (1986) Consciousness as a neurological concept in epileptology: a critical review. Epilepsia 27(Suppl 2):S14–S26PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Gotman J, Grova C, Bagshaw A et al (2005) Generalized epileptic discharges show thalamocortical activation and suspension of the default state of the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:15236–15240PubMedCentralPubMed Gotman J, Grova C, Bagshaw A et al (2005) Generalized epileptic discharges show thalamocortical activation and suspension of the default state of the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:15236–15240PubMedCentralPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamandi K, Laufs H, Nöth H et al (2008) BOLD and perfusion changes during epileptic generalized spike wave activity. NeuroImage 39:608–618PubMed Hamandi K, Laufs H, Nöth H et al (2008) BOLD and perfusion changes during epileptic generalized spike wave activity. NeuroImage 39:608–618PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamandi K, Salek-Haddadi A, Laufs H et al (2006) EEG-fMRI of idiopathic and secondarily generalized epilepsies. NeuroImage 31:1700–1710PubMed Hamandi K, Salek-Haddadi A, Laufs H et al (2006) EEG-fMRI of idiopathic and secondarily generalized epilepsies. NeuroImage 31:1700–1710PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Harrison AH, Conolly JF (2013) Finding a way in: a review and practical evaluation of fMRI and EEG for detection and assessment in disorders of consciousness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37:1403–1419PubMed Harrison AH, Conolly JF (2013) Finding a way in: a review and practical evaluation of fMRI and EEG for detection and assessment in disorders of consciousness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37:1403–1419PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Hogan R, Kairiboriboon K (2003) The „dreamy state“: John Hughlings-Jackson’s ideas of epilepsy and consciousness. Am J Psychiatry 160:1740–1747PubMed Hogan R, Kairiboriboon K (2003) The „dreamy state“: John Hughlings-Jackson’s ideas of epilepsy and consciousness. Am J Psychiatry 160:1740–1747PubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Holmes MD, Tucker DM (o J) Identifying the epileptic network. doi:103389/fneurol.2013.00084 Holmes MD, Tucker DM (o J) Identifying the epileptic network. doi:103389/fneurol.2013.00084
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Janz D (1969) Die Epilepsien. Thieme, Stuttgart Georg Janz D (1969) Die Epilepsien. Thieme, Stuttgart Georg
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Johanson M, Valli K, Revonsuo A (2011) How to assess ictal consciousness? Behav Neurol 24:11–20PubMed Johanson M, Valli K, Revonsuo A (2011) How to assess ictal consciousness? Behav Neurol 24:11–20PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Kant I (1791) Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1. Ausgabe. S A345–A347 Kant I (1791) Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1. Ausgabe. S A345–A347
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaplan PW, Drislane FW (eds) (2009) Nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Demos Medical, New York Kaplan PW, Drislane FW (eds) (2009) Nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Demos Medical, New York
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Kobayashi E, Bagshaw AP, Grova C et al (2006) Negative BOLD responses to epileptic spikes. Hum Brain Mapp 27:488–497PubMed Kobayashi E, Bagshaw AP, Grova C et al (2006) Negative BOLD responses to epileptic spikes. Hum Brain Mapp 27:488–497PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Kohsaka S, Mizukami S, Kohsaka M et al (2002) Widespread activation of the brainstem preceding the recruiting rhythm in human epilepsies. Neuroscience 115:697–706PubMed Kohsaka S, Mizukami S, Kohsaka M et al (2002) Widespread activation of the brainstem preceding the recruiting rhythm in human epilepsies. Neuroscience 115:697–706PubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Lagae L, Pauwels J, Monté CP et al (2001) Frontal absences in children. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 5:243–251PubMed Lagae L, Pauwels J, Monté CP et al (2001) Frontal absences in children. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 5:243–251PubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Lambert I, Arthuis M, McGonigal A et al (2012) Alteration of global workspace during loss of consciousness: a study of parietal seizures. Epilepsia 53:2104–2110PubMed Lambert I, Arthuis M, McGonigal A et al (2012) Alteration of global workspace during loss of consciousness: a study of parietal seizures. Epilepsia 53:2104–2110PubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Lamme VAF (2006) Towards a true neural stance on consciousness. Trends Cogn Sci 10:494–501PubMed Lamme VAF (2006) Towards a true neural stance on consciousness. Trends Cogn Sci 10:494–501PubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Laufs H, Kleinschmidt A, Beyerle A et al (2003) EEG-correlated fMRI of human alpha activity. NeuroImage 19:1463–1476PubMed Laufs H, Kleinschmidt A, Beyerle A et al (2003) EEG-correlated fMRI of human alpha activity. NeuroImage 19:1463–1476PubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Laufs H, Lengler U, Hamandi K et al (2006) Linking generalized spike –and wave discharges and resting state brain activity by using EEG/fMRI in a patient with absence seizures. Epilepsia 47:444–448PubMed Laufs H, Lengler U, Hamandi K et al (2006) Linking generalized spike –and wave discharges and resting state brain activity by using EEG/fMRI in a patient with absence seizures. Epilepsia 47:444–448PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Laureys S (2005) The neural correlate of (un)awareness: lessons from the vegetative state. Trends Cogn Sci 9:556–559PubMed Laureys S (2005) The neural correlate of (un)awareness: lessons from the vegetative state. Trends Cogn Sci 9:556–559PubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Laureys S, Celesia GG, Cohadon F et al (2010) Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome: a new name for the vegetative state or apallic syndrome. BMC Med 8:68–71PubMedCentralPubMed Laureys S, Celesia GG, Cohadon F et al (2010) Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome: a new name for the vegetative state or apallic syndrome. BMC Med 8:68–71PubMedCentralPubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee KH, Meador KJ, Park YD et al (2002) Pathophysiology of altered consciousness during seizures. Neurology 59:841–846PubMed Lee KH, Meador KJ, Park YD et al (2002) Pathophysiology of altered consciousness during seizures. Neurology 59:841–846PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Li Q, Luo C, Yang T et al (2009) EEG-fMRI study on the interictal and ictal generalized spike-wave discharges in patients with childhood absence epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 87:160–168PubMed Li Q, Luo C, Yang T et al (2009) EEG-fMRI study on the interictal and ictal generalized spike-wave discharges in patients with childhood absence epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 87:160–168PubMed
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Lombroso CT (1997) Consistent EEG focalities detected in subjects with primary generalized epilepsies monitored for two decades. Epilepsia 38:797–812PubMed Lombroso CT (1997) Consistent EEG focalities detected in subjects with primary generalized epilepsies monitored for two decades. Epilepsia 38:797–812PubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Lüders H, Amina S, Bailey C et al (2004) Proposal: different types of alteration and loss of consciousness in epilepsy. Epilepsia 55:1140–1144 Lüders H, Amina S, Bailey C et al (2004) Proposal: different types of alteration and loss of consciousness in epilepsy. Epilepsia 55:1140–1144
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Lux S, Kurthen M, Helmstaedter C et al (2002) The localizing value of ictal consciousness and its constituent functions. A video-EEG study in patients with focal epilepsy. Brain 125:2691–2698PubMed Lux S, Kurthen M, Helmstaedter C et al (2002) The localizing value of ictal consciousness and its constituent functions. A video-EEG study in patients with focal epilepsy. Brain 125:2691–2698PubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Manford M, Fish DR, Shorvon SD (1996) An analysis of clinical seizure patterns and their localizing value in frontal and temporal lobe epilepsies. Brain 119:17–40PubMed Manford M, Fish DR, Shorvon SD (1996) An analysis of clinical seizure patterns and their localizing value in frontal and temporal lobe epilepsies. Brain 119:17–40PubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Mason MF, Norton MI, Van Horn JD et al (2007) Wandering minds: the default network and stimulus-independent thought. Science 315:393–395PubMedCentralPubMed Mason MF, Norton MI, Van Horn JD et al (2007) Wandering minds: the default network and stimulus-independent thought. Science 315:393–395PubMedCentralPubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Matthes A (1967) Klinische und elektroencephalographische Beobachtungen zur Frage der Prognose der Pyknolepsien. Z Ges Neurol Psychiatr 188:16 Matthes A (1967) Klinische und elektroencephalographische Beobachtungen zur Frage der Prognose der Pyknolepsien. Z Ges Neurol Psychiatr 188:16
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Mazoyer B, Zago L, Mellet E et al (2001) Cortical networks for working memory and executive functions sustain the conscious resting state in man. Brain Res Bull 54:287–298PubMed Mazoyer B, Zago L, Mellet E et al (2001) Cortical networks for working memory and executive functions sustain the conscious resting state in man. Brain Res Bull 54:287–298PubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat McPherson A, Rojas L, Bauerschmidt A et al (2012) Testing for minimal consciousness in complex partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Epilepsia 53:e180–e183PubMedCentralPubMed McPherson A, Rojas L, Bauerschmidt A et al (2012) Testing for minimal consciousness in complex partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Epilepsia 53:e180–e183PubMedCentralPubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Meeren HKM, Luijtelaar ELJM van, Lopes da Silva F, Coenen A (2005) Evolving concepts on the pathophysiology of absence seizures. The cortical focus theory. Arch Neurol 62:371–376PubMed Meeren HKM, Luijtelaar ELJM van, Lopes da Silva F, Coenen A (2005) Evolving concepts on the pathophysiology of absence seizures. The cortical focus theory. Arch Neurol 62:371–376PubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Meyer-Mickeleit RW (1950) Über die sogenannten psychomotorischen Anfälle, die Dämmerattacken der Epileptiker. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 184:271 Meyer-Mickeleit RW (1950) Über die sogenannten psychomotorischen Anfälle, die Dämmerattacken der Epileptiker. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 184:271
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Miao A, Tang L, Xiang J et al (2004) Dynamic magnetic source imaging of absence seizure inialization and propagation: a magnetoencephalography study. Epilepsy Res 108:468–480 Miao A, Tang L, Xiang J et al (2004) Dynamic magnetic source imaging of absence seizure inialization and propagation: a magnetoencephalography study. Epilepsy Res 108:468–480
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Moeller F, Siebner HR, Wolff S et al (2008) Simultaneous EEG-fMRI in drug-naïve children with newly diagnosed absence epilepsy. Epilepsia 49:1510–1519PubMed Moeller F, Siebner HR, Wolff S et al (2008) Simultaneous EEG-fMRI in drug-naïve children with newly diagnosed absence epilepsy. Epilepsia 49:1510–1519PubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Moeller F, Stephani U, Siniatchkin M (2013) Simultaneous EEG and fMRI recordings (EEG-fMRI) in children with epilepsy. Epilepsia 54:971–982PubMed Moeller F, Stephani U, Siniatchkin M (2013) Simultaneous EEG and fMRI recordings (EEG-fMRI) in children with epilepsy. Epilepsia 54:971–982PubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Moruzzi G, Magoun HW (1949) Brain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1:455–473PubMed Moruzzi G, Magoun HW (1949) Brain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1:455–473PubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Niedermeyer E (1999) A concept of consciousness. Ital J Neurol Sci 20:7–15PubMed Niedermeyer E (1999) A concept of consciousness. Ital J Neurol Sci 20:7–15PubMed
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Noachtar S, Binnie C, Ebersole J et al (1999) A glossary of terms most commonly used by clinical electroencephalographers and proposal for the report form for the EEG findings. In: Deuschl G, Eisen A (Hrsg) Recommendations for the practice of clinical neurophysiology: guidelines of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 52:21–41PubMed Noachtar S, Binnie C, Ebersole J et al (1999) A glossary of terms most commonly used by clinical electroencephalographers and proposal for the report form for the EEG findings. In: Deuschl G, Eisen A (Hrsg) Recommendations for the practice of clinical neurophysiology: guidelines of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 52:21–41PubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Paillas J, Gastaut H, Tamlet J (1949) Les fausses absences d’origine temporale, a propos de treize observations anatomo-clinique avec controle electroencephalographique. Rev Neurol 81:285 Paillas J, Gastaut H, Tamlet J (1949) Les fausses absences d’origine temporale, a propos de treize observations anatomo-clinique avec controle electroencephalographique. Rev Neurol 81:285
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Parvizi J, Damasio A (2001) Consciousness and the brainstem. Cognition 79:135–159PubMed Parvizi J, Damasio A (2001) Consciousness and the brainstem. Cognition 79:135–159PubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Pavone A, Niedermeyer E (2000) Absence seizures and the frontal lobe. Clin Electroencephalogr 31:153–156PubMed Pavone A, Niedermeyer E (2000) Absence seizures and the frontal lobe. Clin Electroencephalogr 31:153–156PubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Penry JK, Dreifuss FE (1969) Automatisms associated with the absence of petit mal epilepsy. Arch Neurol 21:142–149PubMed Penry JK, Dreifuss FE (1969) Automatisms associated with the absence of petit mal epilepsy. Arch Neurol 21:142–149PubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Plum F, Posner JB (1972) The diagnosis of stupor and coma, 1. Aufl. FA Davis, Philadelphia Plum F, Posner JB (1972) The diagnosis of stupor and coma, 1. Aufl. FA Davis, Philadelphia
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Raichle ME, MacLeod AM, Snyder AZ et al (2001) A default mode of brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:676–682PubMedCentralPubMed Raichle ME, MacLeod AM, Snyder AZ et al (2001) A default mode of brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:676–682PubMedCentralPubMed
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodin E, Ancheta O (1987) Cerebral electrical fields during petit mal absences. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 66:457–466PubMed Rodin E, Ancheta O (1987) Cerebral electrical fields during petit mal absences. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 66:457–466PubMed
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Sadleir LG, Farrell K, Smith S et al (2006) Electroclinical features of absence seizures in childhood absence epilepsy. Neurology 67:413–418PubMed Sadleir LG, Farrell K, Smith S et al (2006) Electroclinical features of absence seizures in childhood absence epilepsy. Neurology 67:413–418PubMed
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Salek-Haddadi A, Lemieux L, Merschhemke M et al (2003) Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human absence seizures. Ann Neurol 53:663–667PubMed Salek-Haddadi A, Lemieux L, Merschhemke M et al (2003) Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human absence seizures. Ann Neurol 53:663–667PubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Schiff ND (2008) Central thalamic contributions to arousal regulation and neurological disorders of consciousness. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1129:105–118PubMed Schiff ND (2008) Central thalamic contributions to arousal regulation and neurological disorders of consciousness. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1129:105–118PubMed
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Schindler K, Leung H, Lehnertz K, Elger CE (2007) How generalized are secondarily „generalized“ tonic-clonic seizures? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78:993–996PubMedCentralPubMed Schindler K, Leung H, Lehnertz K, Elger CE (2007) How generalized are secondarily „generalized“ tonic-clonic seizures? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78:993–996PubMedCentralPubMed
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Schnakers C, Laureys S, Majerus S (2011) I am conscious. Mr ASL says so. Neurology 77:1506–1507PubMed Schnakers C, Laureys S, Majerus S (2011) I am conscious. Mr ASL says so. Neurology 77:1506–1507PubMed
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Seth AK, Dienes Z, Cleeremans A et al (2008) Measuring consciousness: relating behavioural and neurophysiological approaches. Trends Cogn Res 12(8):314–321 Seth AK, Dienes Z, Cleeremans A et al (2008) Measuring consciousness: relating behavioural and neurophysiological approaches. Trends Cogn Res 12(8):314–321
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Silva S, Alacoque X, Fourcade O et al (2010) Wakefulness and loss of awareness. Brain and brainstem interaction in the vegetative state. Neurology 74:313–320PubMedCentralPubMed Silva S, Alacoque X, Fourcade O et al (2010) Wakefulness and loss of awareness. Brain and brainstem interaction in the vegetative state. Neurology 74:313–320PubMedCentralPubMed
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Stefan H (1982) Epileptische Absencen. Studien zur Anfallsstruktur, Pathophysiologie und zum klinischen Verlauf. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart Stefan H (1982) Epileptische Absencen. Studien zur Anfallsstruktur, Pathophysiologie und zum klinischen Verlauf. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Tenney JR, Fujiwara H, Horn PS et al (2014) Low- and high-frequency oscillations reveal distinct absence seizure networks. Ann Neurol 76:558–567PubMed Tenney JR, Fujiwara H, Horn PS et al (2014) Low- and high-frequency oscillations reveal distinct absence seizure networks. Ann Neurol 76:558–567PubMed
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Vuilleumier P, Assal F, Blanke O, Jallon P (2000) Distinct behavioural and EEG topographic correlates of loss of consciousness in absences. Epilepsia 41:687–693PubMed Vuilleumier P, Assal F, Blanke O, Jallon P (2000) Distinct behavioural and EEG topographic correlates of loss of consciousness in absences. Epilepsia 41:687–693PubMed
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Watanabe K, Negoro T, Matsumoto A et al (1984) Epileptic nystagmus associated with typical absence seizures. Epilepsia 25:22–24PubMed Watanabe K, Negoro T, Matsumoto A et al (1984) Epileptic nystagmus associated with typical absence seizures. Epilepsia 25:22–24PubMed
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Westmijse I, Ossenblock P, Gunning B, Luijtelaar G van (2009) Onset and propagation of spike and slow wave discharges in human absence epilepsy: a MEG study. Epilepsia 50:2538–2548PubMed Westmijse I, Ossenblock P, Gunning B, Luijtelaar G van (2009) Onset and propagation of spike and slow wave discharges in human absence epilepsy: a MEG study. Epilepsia 50:2538–2548PubMed
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Woermann FG, Free SL, Koepp MJ et al (1999) Abnormal cerebral structure in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy demonstrated with voxel-based analysis of MRI. Brain 122:2101–2107PubMed Woermann FG, Free SL, Koepp MJ et al (1999) Abnormal cerebral structure in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy demonstrated with voxel-based analysis of MRI. Brain 122:2101–2107PubMed
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Wolf P (2003) Of cabbages and kings: some considerations on classifications, diagnostic schemes, semiology, and concepts. Epilepsia 44:1–4PubMed Wolf P (2003) Of cabbages and kings: some considerations on classifications, diagnostic schemes, semiology, and concepts. Epilepsia 44:1–4PubMed
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang L, Shklyar I, Lee HW et al (2012) Impaired consciousness in epilepsy investigated by a prospective responsiveness in epilepsy scale (RES). Epilepsia 53:437–447PubMedCentralPubMed Yang L, Shklyar I, Lee HW et al (2012) Impaired consciousness in epilepsy investigated by a prospective responsiveness in epilepsy scale (RES). Epilepsia 53:437–447PubMedCentralPubMed
112.
Metadaten
Titel
Bewusstseinsstörungen während epileptischer Anfälle
verfasst von
G. Bauer
G. Walser
I. Unterberger
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Clinical Epileptology / Ausgabe 3/2015
Print ISSN: 2948-104X
Elektronische ISSN: 2948-1058
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-015-0418-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2015

Zeitschrift für Epileptologie 3/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Frühe Alzheimertherapie lohnt sich

25.04.2024 AAN-Jahrestagung 2024 Nachrichten

Ist die Tau-Last noch gering, scheint der Vorteil von Lecanemab besonders groß zu sein. Und beginnen Erkrankte verzögert mit der Behandlung, erreichen sie nicht mehr die kognitive Leistung wie bei einem früheren Start. Darauf deuten neue Analysen der Phase-3-Studie Clarity AD.

Viel Bewegung in der Parkinsonforschung

25.04.2024 Parkinson-Krankheit Nachrichten

Neue arznei- und zellbasierte Ansätze, Frühdiagnose mit Bewegungssensoren, Rückenmarkstimulation gegen Gehblockaden – in der Parkinsonforschung tut sich einiges. Auf dem Deutschen Parkinsonkongress ging es auch viel um technische Innovationen.

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

23.04.2024 Demenz Nachrichten

Wenn Demenzkranke aufgrund von Symptomen wie Agitation oder Aggressivität mit Antipsychotika behandelt werden, sind damit offenbar noch mehr Risiken verbunden als bislang angenommen.

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.