Introduction
Materials and methods
Study population
Variables
Demographic characteristics
Smoking
Drinking
Metabolic disease
Moderate exercise time
Nutritional condition
Cancer site
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics of the study population
Characteristics | Cancer | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||
Total | 89.35 (84.35, 94.34) | 10.65 (9.77, 11.54) | |
Age ~ % | < 0.01 | ||
< 65 | 86.96 (85.91, 88.01) | 55.27 (50.88, 59.67) | |
≥ 65 | 13.04 (11.99, 14.09) | 44.73 (40.33, 49.12) | |
Gender ~ % | 0.59 | ||
Male | 48.31 (47.05, 49.57) | 46.27 (42.09, 50.44) | |
Female | 51.69 (50.43, 52.95) | 53.73 (49.56, 57.91) | |
Race ~ % | < 0.01 | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 72.46 (70.11, 74.82) | 89.28 (87.20, 91.35) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 8.76 (7.66, 9.85) | 3.81 (2.95, 4.66) | |
Mexican American | 6.58 (5.46, 7.70) | 1.38 (0.89, 1.87) | |
Other Hispanic | 4.79 (4.05, 5.52) | 2.10 (1.09, 3.12) | |
Other race | 7.42 (6.59, 8.24) | 3.44 (2.02, 4.85) | |
Education level ~ % | 0.06 | ||
Less than high school | 7.19 (6.39, 7.99) | 5.12 (3.40, 6.84) | |
High school | 18.99 (17.67, 20.31) | 17.88 (14.81, 20.95) | |
More than high school | 73.82 (72.07, 75.57) | 77.00 (73.26, 80.74) | |
Family PIR ~ % | 3.41 (3.33, 3.49) | 3.78 (3.66, 3.91) | < 0.01 |
BMI ~ kg/m2 | 28.41 (28.20, 28.62) | 28.34 (27.90, 28.77) | 0.76 |
Smoking behavior ~ % | < 0.01 | ||
Never | 60.94 (59.25, 62.62) | 51.53 (48.13, 54.93) | |
Former | 24.75 (23.36, 26.14) | 39.70 (35.90, 43.50) | |
Now | 14.31 (13.27, 15.36) | 8.77 (6.70, 10.84) | |
Alcohol consumption ~ % | < 0.01 | ||
Never | 8.74 (7.56, 9.93) | 5.58 (4.05, 7.11) | |
Former | 8.34 (7.48, 9.21) | 9.42 (7.48, 11.37) | |
Mild | 40.85 (39.08, 42.63) | 55.92 (51.76, 60.07) | |
Moderate | 20.82 (19.65, 21.98) | 17.16 (14.00, 20.31) | |
Heavy | 21.24 (19.97, 22.51) | 11.93 (9.35, 14.50) | |
Moderate exercise ~ min | 64.32 (62.69, 65.95) | 63.18 (58.92, 67.43) | 0.62 |
Waist ~ cm | 97.36 (96.82, 97.90) | 99.76 (98.56, 100.97) | < 0.01 |
Energy intake ~ kcal | 2127.60 (2102.28, 2152.93) | 2029.08 (1965.78, 2092.38) | < 0.01 |
Hypertension ~ % | < 0.01 | ||
Yes | 30.11 (28.67, 31.55) | 50.38 (46.26, 54.50) | |
No | 69.89 (68.45, 71.33) | 49.62 (45.50, 53.74) | |
Diabetes ~ % | < 0.01 | ||
Yes | 9.92 (9.20, 10.64) | 19.37 (16.42, 22.33) | |
No | 90.08 (89.36, 90.80) | 80.63 (77.67, 83.58) | |
Blood urea nitrogen ~ mg/dL | 13.58 (13.42, 13.75) | 15.64 (15.21, 16.07) | < 0.01 |
The relationship between BUN level and cancer prevalence
Outcomes | Model | OR (95% CI) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Cancer | Crude | 1.08 (1.07, 1.10) | < 0.01 |
Model 1 | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) | < 0.01 | |
Model 2 | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04) | 0.01 | |
Model 3 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | 0.05 | |
Model 4 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | 0.04 |
The relationship between BUN level and cancer species
Subgroup analysis
Subgroup variable | OR (95% CI) | P value |
---|---|---|
Age ~ % | ||
< 65 | 1.05 (1.01, 1.08) | < 0.01 |
≥ 65 | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | 0.75 |
Gender ~ % | ||
Male | 1.01 (0.98, 1.03 | 0.52 |
Female | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) | 0.01 |
Race ~ % | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | 0.09 |
Non-Hispanic Black | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 0.13 |
Mexican American | 0.99 (0.91, 1.09) | 0.87 |
Other Hispanic | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | 0.81 |
Other race | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | 0.28 |
Education level ~ % | ||
Less than high school | 0.96 (0.91, 1.01) | 0.12 |
High school | 1.01 (0.97, 1.05) | 0.55 |
More than high school | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) | 0.01 |
Family PIR ~ % | ||
< 2.9 | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 0.22 |
≥ 2.9 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.05) | 0.07 |
BMI ~ kg/m2 | ||
< 25 | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 0.58 |
≥ 25 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.05) | 0.04 |
Smoking behavior ~ % | ||
Never | 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) | 0.02 |
Former | 1.02 (0.98, 1.05) | 0.33 |
Now | 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) | 0.56 |
Alcohol consumption ~ % | ||
Never | 1.04 (0.97, 1.10) | 0.25 |
Former | 1.01 (0.97, 1.05) | 0.62 |
Mild | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 0.37 |
Moderate | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) | 0.24 |
Heavy | 1.07 (1.01, 1.14) | 0.03 |
Waist ~ cm | ||
< 97 | 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) | 0.07 |
≥ 97 | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 0.19 |
Energy intake ~ kcal | ||
< 1950 | 1.03 (1.00, 1.05) | 0.02 |
≥ 1950 | 1.01 (0.98, 1.05) | 0.4 |
Hypertension ~ % | ||
Yes | 1.03 (1.00, 1.05) | 0.05 |
No | 1.01 (0.98, 1.05) | 0.48 |
Diabetes ~ % | ||
Yes | 0.98 (0.95, 1.02) | 0.38 |
No | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) | < 0.01 |
Subgroup variable | Cancer = breast | |
---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P value | |
Age ~ % | ||
< 65 | 1.10 (1.04, 1.15) | < 0.01 |
≥ 65 | 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) | 0.99 |
Race ~ % | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) | 0.01 |
Non-Hispanic Black | 1.05 (1.00, 1.10) | 0.03 |
Mexican American | 1.06 (0.82, 1.36) | 0.66 |
Other Hispanic | 0.99 (0.77, 1.28) | 0.96 |
Other race | 1.07 (0.92, 1.25) | 0.35 |
Education level ~ % | ||
Less than high school | 1.00 (0.92, 1.10) | 0.93 |
High school | 1.09 (1.02, 1.18) | 0.02 |
More than high school | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | 0.03 |
Family PIR ~ % | ||
< 2.9 | 1.04 (1.00, 1.09) | 0.03 |
≥ 2.9 | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | 0.05 |
BMI ~ kg/m2 | ||
< 25 | 1.08 (1.00, 1.17) | 0.05 |
≥ 25 | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | 0.06 |
Smoking behavior ~ % | ||
Never | 1.04 (1.00, 1.07) | 0.06 |
Former | 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) | < 0.01 |
Now | 1.07 (0.87, 1.31) | 0.52 |
Alcohol consumption ~ % | ||
Never | 1.05 (0.98, 1.14) | 0.18 |
Former | 0.97 (0.87, 1.07) | 0.5 |
Mild | 1.04 (0.99, 1.10) | 0.11 |
Moderate | 1.11 (1.02, 1.20) | 0.02 |
Heavy | 1.24 (0.98, 1.57) | 0.08 |
Waist ~ cm | ||
< 97 | 1.07 (1.02, 1.13) | 0.01 |
≥ 97 | 1.01 (0.97, 1.07) | 0.58 |
Energy intake ~ kcal | ||
< 1950 | 1.04 (1.01, 1.08) | 0.02 |
≥ 1950 | 1.06 (0.98, 1.14) | 0.15 |
Hypertension ~ % | ||
Yes | 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) | 0.18 |
No | 1.10 (1.02, 1.18) | 0.01 |
Diabetes ~ % | ||
Yes | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) | 0.93 |
No | 1.06 (1.02, 1.10) | < 0.01 |