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Intestinal Sensing of Nutrients

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Appetite Control

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 209))

Abstract

Ingestion of a meal triggers a range of physiological responses both within and outside the gut, and results in the remote modulation of appetite and glucose homeostasis. Luminal contents are sensed by specialised chemosensitive cells scattered throughout the intestinal epithelium. These enteroendocrine and tuft cells make direct contact with the gut lumen and release a range of chemical mediators, which can either act in a paracrine fashion interacting with neighbouring cells and nerve endings or as classical circulating hormones. At the molecular level, the chemosensory machinery involves multiple and complex signalling pathways including activation of G-protein-coupled receptors and solute carrier transporters. This chapter will discuss our current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal chemosensation with a particular focus on the relatively well-characterised nutrient-triggered secretion from the enteroendocrine system.

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Abbreviations

2-APB:

2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate

5-HT:

Serotonin

CaMK:

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CCK:

Cholecystokinin

DGAT1:

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1

EC:

Enterochromaffin cell

FFA:

Free fatty acids

GIP:

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide

GLP:

Glucagon-like peptide

GPCR:

G-protein-coupled receptor

LCFA:

Long-chain fatty acids

MTP:

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein

NOPE:

N-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine

OEA:

Oleoylethanolamide

PKA:

Protein kinase A

PKC:

Protein kinase C

PLC:

Phospholipase C

PYY:

PeptideYY

SCFA:

Short-chain fatty acids

SLC:

Solute carrier transporters

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Acknowledgements

FMG, GT and FR are supported by grants from the Wellcome Trust ((#WT088357, #WT084210).

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  1. Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK

    Gwen Tolhurst, Frank Reimann & Fiona M. Gribble

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  1. Gwen Tolhurst
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  2. Frank Reimann
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Correspondence to Fiona M. Gribble .

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  1. , Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany

    Hans-Georg Joost

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Tolhurst, G., Reimann, F., Gribble, F.M. (2012). Intestinal Sensing of Nutrients. In: Joost, HG. (eds) Appetite Control. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 209. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24716-3_14

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