Introduction
Method
Trial design
Participants and setting
Sample size and randomization
Study instruments
Interventions and outcomes
Statistical analysis
Results
Variable | virtual reality N (%) | Control N (%) | chewing gum N (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Job | housewife | 28 (90.32%) | 31 (100%) | 27 (87.09%) |
Student or employed | 3 (9.68%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (12.90%) | |
Education level | Elementary school | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (6.45%) |
Junior high school | 11 (35.48%) | 14 (45.16%) | 12 (38.70%) | |
Senior high school | 13 (41.94%) | 16 (51.61%) | 9 (29.03%) | |
University | 7 (22.58%) | 1 (3.23%) | 8 (25.82%) | |
Socioeconomic Status | Poor | 14 (45.16%) | 19 (61.29%) | 14 (45.16%) |
Moderate | 17 (54.84%) | 12 (38.71%) | 17 (54.84%) | |
Pregnancy condition | wanted | 28 (90.32%) | 30 (96.77%) | 27 (87.09%) |
Unwanted | 3 (9.68%) | 1 (3.23%) | 4 (12.90%) | |
Participation in Maternal Readiness Class | Yes | 9 (29.03%) | 7 (22.58%) | 13 (41.93%) |
No | 22 (70.97%) | 24 (77.42%) | 15 (58.07%) | |
Gravida | 1 | 23 (74.19%) | 15 (48.38%) | 16 (51.62%) |
2 | 8 (25.81%) | 16 (51.62%) | 15 (48.38%) | |
Parturition | 0 | 25 (80.64%) | 18 (58.07%) | 18 (58.07%) |
1 | 6 (19.36%) | 13 (41.93%) | 13 (41.93%) | |
BMI | Underweight | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Norma lweight | 3 (9.68%) | 8 (25.82%) | 3 (9.68%) | |
Overweight | 24 (77.42%) | 20 (64.50%) | 27 (87.09%) | |
Obesity | 4 (12.90%) | 3 (9.68%) | 1 (3.23%) |
Time | Variable | virtual reality | Control | chewing gum | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
Pain before intervention | 6.25 ± 1.09 | 6.16 ± 1.34 | 6.19 ± 1.01 | P = 0.893 | |
Dilatation 4-5 cm | Pain immediately after the intervention | 6.70 ± 1.18 | 7.32 ± 1.24 | 6.74 ± 1.12 | P = 0.079 |
Pain 30 min after intervention | 7.22 ± 1.11 | 8.16 ± 1.26 | 7.32 ± 1.22 | P = 0.008 | |
Pain before intervention | 8.37 ± 0.88 | 9.22 ± 0.71 | 8.58 ± 0.88 | P = 0.001 | |
Dilatation 7-8 cm | Pain immediately after the intervention | 9.03 ± 0.83 | 9.77 ± 0.49 | 8.93 ± 0.81 | P = 0.000 |
Pain 30 min after intervention | 9.61 ± 0.61 | 9.96 ± 0.17 | 9.45 ± 0.76 | P = 0.001 |
Time | Variable | virtual reality | Control | chewing gum | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
Dilatation 4-5 cm | anxiety before intervention | 40.41 ± 6.32 | 42.45 ± 4.97 | 39.77 ± 6.38 | P = 0.185* F = 1.720 |
anxiety immediately after the intervention | 38.32 ± 6.44 | 44.03 ± 4.90 | 37.48 ± 6.65 | P = 0.000** Df = 2 | |
anxiety 30 min after intervention | 38.90 ± 6.12 | 48.48 ± 5.34 | 38.09 ± 5.84 | P = 0.000* F = 30.957 | |
Dilatation 7-8 cm | anxiety before intervention | 43.70 ± 5.67 | 52.19 ± 5.38 | 42.16 ± 4.84 | P = 0.000* F = 32.048 |
anxiety immediately after the intervention | 40.77 ± 6.74 | 54.25 ± 5.88 | 38.90 ± 5.25 | P = 0.000* F = 60.545 | |
anxiety 30 min after intervention | 46.12 ± 6.49 | 56.74 ± 5.33 | 43.87 ± 5.10 | P = 0.000** Df = 2 |