Background
Methods
Study setting
Sampling
Measurement
Intervention
Data analysis
Ethical considerations
Results
Contraceptive use
Total
| Control group | Intervention group |
Odds ratio
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
crude
|
adjusted
| ||||
At baseline |
328/772 (42.5 %)
| 164/379 (43.3 %) | 164/393 (41.7 %) |
0.94 (p = 0.665)
|
0.98 (p = 0.905)
|
At follow-up |
351/771 (45.5 %)
| 165/380 (43.4 %) | 186/391 (47.6 %) |
1.18 (p = 0.248)
|
1.25 (p = 0.159)
|
Contraceptive use at follow-up according to use of contraception at baseline | |||||
Users at baseline |
248/328 (75.6 %)
| 127/164 (77.4 %) | 121/164 (73.8 %) |
0.82 (p = 0.441)
|
0.92 (p = 0.772)
|
Non-users at baselinea |
102/442 (23.1 %)
| 37/215 (17.2 %) | 65/227 (28.6 %) |
1.93 (p = 0.005)
|
1.90 (p = 0.014)
|
- no need |
59/225 (26.2 %)
| 23/105 (21.9 %) | 36/120 (30 %) |
1.53 (p = 0.168)
|
1.14 (p = 0.680)
|
- not willing or not allowed |
3/26 (11.5 %)
| 1/16 (6.2 %) | 2/10 (20 %) |
3.75 (p = 0.286)
|
2.30 (p = 0.528)
|
- lack of knowledge |
26/109 (23.9 %)
| 10/69 (14.5 %) | 16/40 (40 %) |
3.93 (p = 0.003)
|
2.77 (p = 0.034)
|
- too expensive |
3/5 (60 %)
| 1/2 (50 %) | 2/3 (66.7 %) |
2 (p = 0.709)
|
1.30 (p = 0.888)
|
Spousal discussions on family planning issues
Total
| Control group | Intervention group |
Odds ratio
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
crude
|
adjusted
| ||||
Percentage of couples that discussed family planning issues | |||||
as reported by the husband
|
574/772 (74.4 %)
| 261/379 (68.9 %) | 313/393 (79.6 %) |
1.77 (p = 0.001)
|
1.36 (p = 0.068)
|
as reported by the wife
|
471/773 (60.9 %)
| 164/380 (43.2 %) | 307/393 (78.1 %) |
4.7 (p < 0.001)
|
3.69 (p < 0.001)
|
Percentage of couples that discussed family planning issues that discussed it often or very often | |||||
as reported by the husband
|
309/574 (53.8 %)
| 82/261 (31.4 %) | 227/313 (72.5 %) |
5.76 (p < 0.001)
|
4.73 (p < 0.001)
|
as reported by the wife
|
272/471 (57.7 %)
| 53/164 (32.3 %) | 219/307 (71.3 %) |
5.21 (p < 0.001)
|
4.46 (p < 0.001)
|
Percentage of couples that reported an increase in discussing family planning issues compared to the baseline survey | |||||
as reported by the husband
|
246/771 (31.9 %)
| 104/379 (27.4 %) | 142/392 (36.2 %) |
1.50 (p = 0.009)
|
1.41 (p = 0.031)
|
as reported by the wife
|
302/772 (39.1 %)
| 64/379 (16.9 %) | 238/393 (60.6 %) |
7.56 (p < 0.001)
|
7.80 (p < 0.001)
|
Percentage of individuals who agreed women can decide about family planning without consent of her husband | |||||
among husbands
|
112/771 (14.5 %)
| 72/378 (19 %) | 40/393 (10.2 %) |
0.48 (p = 0.001)
|
0.56 (p = 0.007)
|
among wives
|
289/742 (38.9 %)
| 231/366 (63.1 %) | 58/376 (15.4 %) |
0.11 (p < 0.001)
|
0.10 (p < 0.001)
|
both husband and wife
|
58/740 (7.8 %)
| 55/364 (15.1 %) | 3/376 (0.8 %) |
0.05 (p < 0.001)
|
0.06 (p < 0.001)
|
Men’s involvement regarding family planning
Total
| Control group | Intervention group |
Odds ratio
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
crude
|
Adjusted
| ||||
Willingness as reported by the husband | |||||
Go together to FP service |
376/773 (48.6 %)
| 73/380 (19.2 %) | 303/393 (77.1 %) |
14.2 (p < 0.001)
|
10.7 (p < 0.001)
|
- among those already willing at baseline |
309/452 (68.4 %)
|
55/181 (30.4 %)
|
254/271 (93.7 %)
|
34.2 (p < 0.001)
|
25.3 (p < 0.001)
|
- among those not willing at baseline |
66/320 (20.6 %)
|
17/198 (8.6 %)
|
49/122 (40.2 %)
|
7.15 (p < 0.001)
|
5.71 (p < 0.001)
|
Finance costs |
341/773 (44.1 %)
| 66/380 (17.4 %) | 275/393 (70 %) |
11.1 (p < 0.001)
|
8.28 (p < 0.001)
|
- among those already willing at baseline |
289/438 (66 %)
|
51/169 (30.2 %)
|
238/269 (88.5 %)
|
17.8 (p < 0.001)
|
13.9 (p < 0.001)
|
- among those not willing at baseline |
51/334 (15.3 %)
|
14/210 (6.7 %)
|
37/124 (29.8 %)
|
5.95 (p < 0.001)
|
4.82 (p < 0.001)
|
Get FP together |
223/773 (28.8 %)
| 5/380 (1.3 %) | 218/393 (55.5 %) |
93.4 (p < 0.001)
|
80.6 (p < 0.001)
|
- among those already willing at baseline |
194/306 (63.4 %)
|
1/82 (1.2 %)
|
193/224 (86.2 %)
|
504 (p < 0.001)
|
460 (p < 0.001)
|
- among those not willing at baseline |
28/465 (6 %)
|
4/297 (1.3 %)
|
24/168 (14.3 %)
|
12.2 (p < 0.001)
|
10.3 (p < 0.001)
|
Actual involvement as reported by the wife (only couples using a form of contraception)a | |||||
Go together to FP service |
299/349 (85.7 %)
| 128/163 (78.5 %) | 171/186 (91.9 %) |
3.12 (p < 0.001)
|
3.06 (p < 0.001)
|
- where the husband was already involved at baseline |
180/199 (90.5 %)
|
80/93 (86 %)
|
100/106 (94.3 %)
|
2.71 (p = 0.046)
|
3.26 (p = 0.024)
|
- where the husband was not involved at baseline |
29/50 (58 %)
|
17/33 (51.5 %)
|
12/17 (70.6 %)
|
2.26 (p = 0.196)
|
2.31 (p = 0.193)
|
Finance costs |
288/349 (82.5 %)
| 121/163 (74.2 %) | 167/186 (89.8 %) |
3.05 (p < 0.001)
|
3.10 (p < 0.001)
|
- where the husband was already involved at baseline |
166/199 (83.4 %)
|
58/81 (71.6 %)
|
108/118 (91.5 %)
|
4.28 (p < 0.001)
|
4.10 (p = 0.001)
|
- where the husband was not involved at baseline |
37/50 (74 %)
|
33/45 (73.3 %)
|
4/5 (80 %)
|
1.45 (p = 0.747)
|
1.01 (p = 0.993)
|
Get FP together |
256/349 (73.4 %)
| 94/163 (57.7 %) | 162/186 (87.1 %) |
4.95 (p < 0.001)
|
4.70 (p < 0.001)
|
- where the husband was already involved at baseline |
120/139 (86.3 %)
|
28/40 (70 %)
|
92/99 (92.9 %)
|
5.63 (p = 0.001)
|
6.09 (p = 0.001)
|
- where the husband was not involved at baseline |
59/110 (53.6 %)
|
42/86 (48.8 %)
|
17/24 (70.8 %)
|
2.54 (p = 0.056)
|
2.45 (p = 0.078)
|