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Erschienen in: Der Diabetologe 8/2014

01.12.2014 | Leitthema

Diabetische Notfallsituationen – die Hypoglykämie

verfasst von: Dr. T. Siegmund, Prof. Dr. P.-M. Schumm-Draeger

Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie | Ausgabe 8/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Bei Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) und Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stellt die Hypoglykämie nach wie vor einen relevanten limitierenden Faktor für die Erreichung des HbA1c-Zielwertes dar. Neben der akuten Notfallsituation hat die Hypoglykämie prognostische Relevanz hinsichtlich kardiovaskulärer oder zerebrovaskulärer Morbidität bis hin zur Mortalität. Symptomatische und v. a. schwere Hypoglykämien sind für die betroffenen Patienten eine große Belastung, auch stellen sie einen nicht unerheblichen Kostenfaktor für das Gesundheitssystem dar. Mit der kontinuierlichen Glucosemessung (CGM) sind komplexe Abläufe perihypoglykämischer Episoden besser nachvollziehbar. Auch konnte gezeigt werden, dass neben den offensichtlichen symptomatischen Hypoglykämien auch eine nicht unerhebliche Zahl an inapparenter Hypoglykämien auftreten, die u. a. mitverantwortlich sind für die bei vielen Patienten vorliegende hohe Glucosevariabilität und Instabilität des Glucosestoffwechsels. Gefährdet sind nicht nur Patienten mit T1DM, sondern v. a. Patienten mit langjährigem T2DM unter einer Therapie mit Sulfonylharnstoffen oder Insulin. Ein weiterer behandelbarer Risikofaktor stellt eine gestörte Gegenregulation verbunden mit Hypoglykämiewahrnehmungsstörung dar. Ziel muss es sein, neben dem optimierten Management (Schulung) einen Schwerpunkt auf die Hypoglykämieprävention durch Optimierung und Vermeidung möglicher Auslöser oder Risikofaktoren zu setzen. Hierzu gehören neben individualisierten Therapiezielen auch die Wahl effektiver, aber gleichzeitig in Hinsicht auf das Hypoglykämierisiko sicherer Therapiestrategien.
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Metadaten
Titel
Diabetische Notfallsituationen – die Hypoglykämie
verfasst von
Dr. T. Siegmund
Prof. Dr. P.-M. Schumm-Draeger
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Diabetologie / Ausgabe 8/2014
Print ISSN: 2731-7447
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7455
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-014-1264-y

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