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Erschienen in: Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 6/2011

01.09.2011 | Übersicht

Die akute Nierenschädigung

verfasst von: H. Schmid, Prof. Dr. H. Schiffl, S.R. Lederer

Erschienen in: Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin | Ausgabe 6/2011

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Zusammenfassung

Die akute Nierenschädigung ist in der Intensivmedizin diejenige Organdysfunktion, die den wohl entscheidendsten Einfluss auf Krankheitsverlauf und Langzeitprognose des kritisch kranken Patienten hat. Die exzessive „Übersterblichkeit“ von Intensivpatienten mit nierenersatzpflichtigem Nierenversagen kann weder durch frühzeitigeren Einsatz der Detoxifikationstechniken, noch durch höhere Eliminationsraten klein- und mittelmolekularer urämischer Toxine (höhere Dosis oder Frequenz der Nierenersatztherapie) oder eine spezifischere Auswahl der verfügbaren Verfahren reduziert werden. Die Auswirkungen der akuten Nierenschädigung per se auf andere Organsysteme erklären sich somit weniger durch urämische Sekundäreffekte, sondern scheinen auf systemischer akuter Inflammation zu beruhen.
Die 5-Jahresüberlebensrate ehemaliger Intensivpatienten mit nierenersatzpflichtigem akutem Nierenversagen liegt bei 20–30% und entspricht damit der von malignen Erkrankungen. Die akute Nierenschädigung ist zudem ein Risikofaktor für die progrediente chronische Nierenerkrankung bis hin zum dialysepflichtigen Nierenversagen. Gegenstand der aktuellen Forschung muss eine verbesserte Prävention durch Identifikation von Risikofaktoren und die frühzeitige Diagnose und Therapie der subklinischen renalen Schäden sein.
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Metadaten
Titel
Die akute Nierenschädigung
verfasst von
H. Schmid
Prof. Dr. H. Schiffl
S.R. Lederer
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2011
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin / Ausgabe 6/2011
Print ISSN: 0175-3851
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1420
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00390-011-0270-1

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