Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Internist 5/2006

01.05.2006 | Schwerpunkt: Stammzelltherapie

Die Bedeutung der Stammzelltherapie in der Hämatologie und Onkologie

verfasst von: R. Marks, Prof. Dr. J. Finke

Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin | Ausgabe 5/2006

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die Transplantation von hämatopoetischen Stammzellen ist mittlerweile ein fester Bestandteil in der Therapie verschiedener hämatologischer Neoplasien und einiger solider Tumoren. Hierbei werden hämatopoetische Stammzellen von freiwilligen Spendern als allogene Transplantate oder vom Patienten selbst gewonnene autologe Präparate übertragen. Grundlegend für beide Verfahren ist die hochdosierte Chemotherapie zur Verbesserung der kompletten Remissionsraten. Dient die autologe Stammzelltransplantation nach Hochdosischemotherapie der Regeneration der Hämatopoese, vermitteln in der allogenen Stammzelltransplantation Immunzellen des Spenders eine zusätzliche Alloreaktivität, die sich gegen Gewebe des Empfängers, aber auch gegen residuelle maligne Zellen richtet. Indikationen für das autologe Verfahren sind vor allem Rezidive von hochmalignen Lymphomen. Der Einsatz der allogenen Stammzelltransplantation ermöglicht in einem hohen Prozentsatz die Heilung von Patienten mit akuten Leukämien und ungünstiger Prognose. Neue Entwicklungen dienen der Ausweitung des allogenen Spenderpools sowie der Reduktion der Toxizität der Chemotherapie bei erhaltener antileukämischer Wirkung des allogenen Transplantats.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Stem Cell Trialists‘ Collaborative Group (2005) Allogeneic peripheral blood stem-cell compared with bone marrow transplantation in the management of hematologic malignancies: an individual patient data meta-analysis of nine randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 23: 5074–5087CrossRefPubMed Stem Cell Trialists‘ Collaborative Group (2005) Allogeneic peripheral blood stem-cell compared with bone marrow transplantation in the management of hematologic malignancies: an individual patient data meta-analysis of nine randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 23: 5074–5087CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Aoudjhane M, Labopin M, Gorin NC et al. (2005) Comparative outcome of reduced intensity and myeloablative conditioning regimen in HLA identical sibling allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients older than 50 years of age with acute myeloblastic leukaemia: a retrospective survey from the Acute Leukemia Working Party (ALWP) of the European group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). Leukemia 19: 2304–2312CrossRefPubMed Aoudjhane M, Labopin M, Gorin NC et al. (2005) Comparative outcome of reduced intensity and myeloablative conditioning regimen in HLA identical sibling allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients older than 50 years of age with acute myeloblastic leukaemia: a retrospective survey from the Acute Leukemia Working Party (ALWP) of the European group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). Leukemia 19: 2304–2312CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Attal M, Harousseau JL, Facon T, Guilhot F et al. (2003) Single versus double autologous stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 349: 2495–2502CrossRefPubMed Attal M, Harousseau JL, Facon T, Guilhot F et al. (2003) Single versus double autologous stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 349: 2495–2502CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Attal M, Harousseau JL, Stoppa AM et al. (1996) A prospective, randomized trial of autologous bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. Intergroupe Francais du Myelome. N Engl J Med 335: 91–97CrossRefPubMed Attal M, Harousseau JL, Stoppa AM et al. (1996) A prospective, randomized trial of autologous bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. Intergroupe Francais du Myelome. N Engl J Med 335: 91–97CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Aversa F, Tabilio A, Velardi A et al. (1998) Treatment of high-risk acute leukemia with T-cell-depleted stem cells from related donors with one fully mismatched HLA haplotype. N Engl J Med 339: 1186–1193CrossRefPubMed Aversa F, Tabilio A, Velardi A et al. (1998) Treatment of high-risk acute leukemia with T-cell-depleted stem cells from related donors with one fully mismatched HLA haplotype. N Engl J Med 339: 1186–1193CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bertz H, Potthoff K, Finke J (2003) Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation from related and unrelated donors in older patients with myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 21: 1480–1484CrossRefPubMed Bertz H, Potthoff K, Finke J (2003) Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation from related and unrelated donors in older patients with myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 21: 1480–1484CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Cao TM, Horning S, Negrin RS et al. (2001) High-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic-cell transplantation for follicular lymphoma beyond first remission: the Stanford University experience. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 7: 294–301CrossRefPubMed Cao TM, Horning S, Negrin RS et al. (2001) High-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic-cell transplantation for follicular lymphoma beyond first remission: the Stanford University experience. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 7: 294–301CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Childs R, Chernoff A, Contentin N et al. (2000) Regression of metastatic renal-cell carcinoma after nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med 343: 750–758CrossRefPubMed Childs R, Chernoff A, Contentin N et al. (2000) Regression of metastatic renal-cell carcinoma after nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med 343: 750–758CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Doney K, Hagglund H, Leisenring W, Chauncey T, Appelbaum FR, Storb R (2003) Predictive factors for outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 9: 472–481CrossRefPubMed Doney K, Hagglund H, Leisenring W, Chauncey T, Appelbaum FR, Storb R (2003) Predictive factors for outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 9: 472–481CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Dreyling M, Lenz G, Hoster E et al. (2005) Early consolidation by myeloablative radiochemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in first remission significantly prolongs progression-free survival in mantle-cell lymphoma: results of a prospective randomized trial of the European MCL Network. Blood 105: 2677–2684CrossRefPubMed Dreyling M, Lenz G, Hoster E et al. (2005) Early consolidation by myeloablative radiochemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in first remission significantly prolongs progression-free survival in mantle-cell lymphoma: results of a prospective randomized trial of the European MCL Network. Blood 105: 2677–2684CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Gahrton G, Svensson H, Cavo M et al. (2001) Progress in allogenic bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: a comparison between transplants performed 1983–93 and 1994–8 at European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation centres. Br J Haematol 113: 209–216CrossRefPubMed Gahrton G, Svensson H, Cavo M et al. (2001) Progress in allogenic bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: a comparison between transplants performed 1983–93 and 1994–8 at European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation centres. Br J Haematol 113: 209–216CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Gale RP, Horowitz MM, Ash RC et al. (1994) Identical-twin bone marrow transplants for leukemia. Ann Intern Med 120: 646–652PubMed Gale RP, Horowitz MM, Ash RC et al. (1994) Identical-twin bone marrow transplants for leukemia. Ann Intern Med 120: 646–652PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Gratwohl A, Baldomero H, Schmid O, Horisberger B, Bargetzi M, Urbano-Ispizua A (2005) Change in stem cell source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in Europe: a report of the EBMT activity survey 2003. Bone Marrow Transplant 36: 575–590CrossRefPubMed Gratwohl A, Baldomero H, Schmid O, Horisberger B, Bargetzi M, Urbano-Ispizua A (2005) Change in stem cell source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in Europe: a report of the EBMT activity survey 2003. Bone Marrow Transplant 36: 575–590CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Horowitz MM, Messerer D, Hoelzer D et al. (1991) Chemotherapy compared with bone marrow transplantation for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission. Ann Intern Med 115: 13–18PubMed Horowitz MM, Messerer D, Hoelzer D et al. (1991) Chemotherapy compared with bone marrow transplantation for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission. Ann Intern Med 115: 13–18PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Hosing C, Saliba RM, McLaughlin P et al. (2003) Long-term results favor allogeneic over autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with refractory or recurrent indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Ann Oncol 14: 737–744CrossRefPubMed Hosing C, Saliba RM, McLaughlin P et al. (2003) Long-term results favor allogeneic over autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with refractory or recurrent indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Ann Oncol 14: 737–744CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Hunault M, Harousseau JL, Delain M et al. (2004) Better outcome of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia after early genoidentical allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) than after late high-dose therapy and autologous BMT: a GOELAMS trial. Blood 104: 3028–3037CrossRefPubMed Hunault M, Harousseau JL, Delain M et al. (2004) Better outcome of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia after early genoidentical allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) than after late high-dose therapy and autologous BMT: a GOELAMS trial. Blood 104: 3028–3037CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Hurley CK, Fernandez Vina M, Setterholm M (2003) Maximizing optimal hematopoietic stem cell donor selection from registries of unrelated adult volunteers. Tissue Antigens 61: 415–424PubMed Hurley CK, Fernandez Vina M, Setterholm M (2003) Maximizing optimal hematopoietic stem cell donor selection from registries of unrelated adult volunteers. Tissue Antigens 61: 415–424PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Kolb HJ, Schmid C, Barrett AJ, Schendel DJ (2004) Graft-versus-leukemia reactions in allogeneic chimeras. Blood 103: 767–776CrossRefPubMed Kolb HJ, Schmid C, Barrett AJ, Schendel DJ (2004) Graft-versus-leukemia reactions in allogeneic chimeras. Blood 103: 767–776CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Lenz G, Dreyling M, Schiegnitz E et al. (2004) Myeloablative radiochemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in first remission prolongs progression-free survival in follicular lymphoma: results of a prospective, randomized trial of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Blood 104: 2667–2674CrossRefPubMed Lenz G, Dreyling M, Schiegnitz E et al. (2004) Myeloablative radiochemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in first remission prolongs progression-free survival in follicular lymphoma: results of a prospective, randomized trial of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Blood 104: 2667–2674CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Marmont AM, Horowitz MM, Gale RP et al. (1991) T-cell depletion of HLA-identical transplants in leukemia. Blood 78: 2120–2130PubMed Marmont AM, Horowitz MM, Gale RP et al. (1991) T-cell depletion of HLA-identical transplants in leukemia. Blood 78: 2120–2130PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Milpied N, Deconinck E, Gaillard F et al. (2004) Initial treatment of aggressive lymphoma with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell support. N Engl J Med 350: 1287–1295CrossRefPubMed Milpied N, Deconinck E, Gaillard F et al. (2004) Initial treatment of aggressive lymphoma with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell support. N Engl J Med 350: 1287–1295CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Nitz UA, Mohrmann S, Fischer J et al. (2005) Comparison of rapidly cycled tandem high-dose chemotherapy plus peripheral-blood stem-cell support versus dose-dense conventional chemotherapy for adjuvant treatment of high-risk breast cancer: results of a multicentre phase III trial. Lancet 366: 1935–1944CrossRefPubMed Nitz UA, Mohrmann S, Fischer J et al. (2005) Comparison of rapidly cycled tandem high-dose chemotherapy plus peripheral-blood stem-cell support versus dose-dense conventional chemotherapy for adjuvant treatment of high-risk breast cancer: results of a multicentre phase III trial. Lancet 366: 1935–1944CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Philip T, Guglielmi C, Hagenbeek A et al. (1995) Autologous bone marrow transplantation as compared with salvage chemotherapy in relapses of chemotherapy-sensitive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med 333: 1540–1545CrossRefPubMed Philip T, Guglielmi C, Hagenbeek A et al. (1995) Autologous bone marrow transplantation as compared with salvage chemotherapy in relapses of chemotherapy-sensitive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med 333: 1540–1545CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmitz N, Linch DC, Dreger P et al. (1996) Randomised trial of filgrastim-mobilised peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation versus autologous bone-marrow transplantation in lymphoma patients. Lancet 347: 353–357CrossRefPubMed Schmitz N, Linch DC, Dreger P et al. (1996) Randomised trial of filgrastim-mobilised peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation versus autologous bone-marrow transplantation in lymphoma patients. Lancet 347: 353–357CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmitz N, Pfistner B, Sextro M et al. (2002) Aggressive conventional chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemotherapy with autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for relapsed chemosensitive Hodgkin’s disease: a randomised trial. Lancet 359: 2065–2071CrossRefPubMed Schmitz N, Pfistner B, Sextro M et al. (2002) Aggressive conventional chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemotherapy with autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for relapsed chemosensitive Hodgkin’s disease: a randomised trial. Lancet 359: 2065–2071CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Schouten HC, Qian W, Kvaloy S et al. (2003) High-dose therapy improves progression-free survival and survival in relapsed follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: results from the randomized European CUP trial. J Clin Oncol 21: 3918–3927CrossRefPubMed Schouten HC, Qian W, Kvaloy S et al. (2003) High-dose therapy improves progression-free survival and survival in relapsed follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: results from the randomized European CUP trial. J Clin Oncol 21: 3918–3927CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Seyfarth B, Kuse R, Sonnen R, Glass B, Schmitz N, Dreger P (2001) Autologous stem cell transplantation for follicular lymphoma: no benefit for early transplant? Ann Hematol 80: 398–405CrossRefPubMed Seyfarth B, Kuse R, Sonnen R, Glass B, Schmitz N, Dreger P (2001) Autologous stem cell transplantation for follicular lymphoma: no benefit for early transplant? Ann Hematol 80: 398–405CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Slovak ML, Kopecky KJ, Cassileth PA et al. (2000) Karyotypic analysis predicts outcome of preremission and postremission therapy in adult acute myeloid leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study. Blood 96: 4075–4083PubMed Slovak ML, Kopecky KJ, Cassileth PA et al. (2000) Karyotypic analysis predicts outcome of preremission and postremission therapy in adult acute myeloid leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study. Blood 96: 4075–4083PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Snyder DS (2000) Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 6: 597–603CrossRefPubMed Snyder DS (2000) Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 6: 597–603CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Spyridonidis A, Bertz H, Ihorst G, Grullich C, Finke J (2005) Hematopoietic cell transplantation from unrelated donors as an effective therapy for older patients (> or = 60 years) with active myeloid malignancies. Blood 105: 4147–4148CrossRefPubMed Spyridonidis A, Bertz H, Ihorst G, Grullich C, Finke J (2005) Hematopoietic cell transplantation from unrelated donors as an effective therapy for older patients (> or = 60 years) with active myeloid malignancies. Blood 105: 4147–4148CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Spyridonidis A, Schmitt-Graff A, Tomann T, Dwenger A, Follo M, Behringer D, Finke J (2004) Epithelial tissue chimerism after human hematopoietic cell transplantation is a real phenomenon. Am J Pathol 164: 1147–1155PubMed Spyridonidis A, Schmitt-Graff A, Tomann T, Dwenger A, Follo M, Behringer D, Finke J (2004) Epithelial tissue chimerism after human hematopoietic cell transplantation is a real phenomenon. Am J Pathol 164: 1147–1155PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Blume KG (2004) Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia. In: Blume KG, Forman SJ, Appelbaum FR (eds) Thomas‘ hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 1025–1039 Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Blume KG (2004) Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia. In: Blume KG, Forman SJ, Appelbaum FR (eds) Thomas‘ hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 1025–1039
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Tallman MS, Rowlings PA, Milone G et al. (2000) Effect of postremission chemotherapy before human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia in first complete remission. Blood 96: 1254–1258PubMed Tallman MS, Rowlings PA, Milone G et al. (2000) Effect of postremission chemotherapy before human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia in first complete remission. Blood 96: 1254–1258PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Weiden PL, Sullivan KM, Flournoy N, Storb R, Thomas ED (1981) Antileukemic effect of chronic graft-versus-host disease: contribution to improved survival after allogeneic marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 304: 1529–1533PubMed Weiden PL, Sullivan KM, Flournoy N, Storb R, Thomas ED (1981) Antileukemic effect of chronic graft-versus-host disease: contribution to improved survival after allogeneic marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 304: 1529–1533PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Zander AR, Kroger N, Schmoor C et al. (2004) High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell support compared with standard-dose chemotherapy in breast cancer patients with 10 or more positive lymph nodes: first results of a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 22: 2273–2283CrossRefPubMed Zander AR, Kroger N, Schmoor C et al. (2004) High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell support compared with standard-dose chemotherapy in breast cancer patients with 10 or more positive lymph nodes: first results of a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 22: 2273–2283CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Zittoun RA, Mandelli F, Willemze R et al. (1995) Autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation compared with intensive chemotherapy in acute myelogenous leukemia. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell’Adulto (GIMEMA) Leukemia Cooperative Groups. N Engl J Med 332: 217–223CrossRefPubMed Zittoun RA, Mandelli F, Willemze R et al. (1995) Autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation compared with intensive chemotherapy in acute myelogenous leukemia. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell’Adulto (GIMEMA) Leukemia Cooperative Groups. N Engl J Med 332: 217–223CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Die Bedeutung der Stammzelltherapie in der Hämatologie und Onkologie
verfasst von
R. Marks
Prof. Dr. J. Finke
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2006
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Innere Medizin / Ausgabe 5/2006
Print ISSN: 2731-7080
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-006-1601-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2006

Der Internist 5/2006 Zur Ausgabe

Klinische Studien

RECORD-Studie

Schwerpunkt: Stammzelltherapie

Therapie des Diabetes mellitus

Schwerpunkt: Stammzelltherapie

Embryonale Stammzellen

Schwerpunkt: Stammzelltherapie

Hämatopoetische Stammzelltherapie

Mitteilungen der DGIM

Mitteilungen der DGIM 05/06

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

NSCLC: Progressionsfreies Überleben unter Osimertinib fast versiebenfacht

06.06.2024 ASCO 2024 Kongressbericht

Erste Ergebnisse der Phase-III-Studie LAURA etablieren Osimertinib als neuen Therapiestandard für Menschen mit nicht-resezierbarem, EGFR-mutiertem, nicht-kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom im Stadium III, die nach definitiver Radiochemotherapie progressionsfrei sind. Auf der ASCO-Tagung wurden diese beeindruckenden Ergebnisse besprochen.

Hodgkin Lymphom: BrECADD-Regime übertrifft die Erwartungen

05.06.2024 ASCO 2024 Kongressbericht

Das Kombinationsregime BrECADD mit Brentuximab vedotin ermöglichte in der Studie HD21 beim fortgeschrittenen klassischen Hodgkin-Lymphom eine unerwartet hohe progressionsfreie Überlebensrate von 94,3% nach vier Jahren. Gleichzeitig war das Regime besser tolerabel als der bisherige Standard eBEACOPP.

Antikörper-Drug-Konjugat verdoppelt PFS bei Multiplem Myelom

05.06.2024 ASCO 2024 Nachrichten

Zwei Phase-3-Studien deuten auf erhebliche Vorteile des Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugats Belantamab-Mafodotin bei vorbehandelten Personen mit Multiplem Myelom: Im Vergleich mit einer Standard-Tripeltherapie wurde das progressionsfreie Überleben teilweise mehr als verdoppelt.

Neuer TKI gegen CML: Höhere Wirksamkeit, seltener Nebenwirkungen

05.06.2024 Chronische myeloische Leukämie Nachrichten

Der Tyrosinkinasehemmer (TKI) Asciminib ist älteren Vertretern dieser Gruppe bei CML offenbar überlegen: Personen mit frisch diagnostizierter CML entwickelten damit in einer Phase-3-Studie häufiger eine gute molekulare Response, aber seltener ernste Nebenwirkungen.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.