The disruption of traditional healthcare systems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically fueled innovations targeted at improving the quality and efficiency of care outside of the traditional office-based healthcare system [
65]. Health 4.0 is a novel concept loosely based on the concept of Industry 4.0 or the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which describes the rapid change of technologies, industries, and societal patterns, blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological worlds. The idea of Health 4.0 builds on and leverages technologies such as artificial intelligence, gene editing, advanced robotics, quantum computing, an increasing interconnectivity between machines enabling smart automation, the emergence of the internet of things, ultrafast wireless internet, and augmented reality to provide a better, more efficient, and cost-effective healthcare for all [
66]. It may integrate the internet of health things [
67], medical cyber-physical systems [
68], health cloud, and health fog [
69], and combine big data analytics with machine learning, smart algorithms, and blockchain [
70]. Six design principles have been described [
70]: interoperability, virtualization, decentralization, real-time capabilities, service orientation, and modularity. Ultimately, Health 4.0 may disrupt the current healthcare business model and enhance interaction and improve flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and reliability, and ultimately translate to better healthcare and satisfied patients. Health 4.0 applications may target the patient, healthcare professionals, and healthcare systems. Building such applications is complex and requires reliable data collection and transfer as well as privacy and security operations. Ethical, legal, technical, and security issues need to be addressed globally and on a national basis to ensure the safe rollout of Health 4.0 application from which all patients should ultimately benefit. The COVID-19 pandemic provided a first opportunity to “beta-test” a few potential future applications and laid out potential applications for ongoing or potential future pandemics. These include the field of assisted diagnostics, augmented environments, disease predictions, and medical robotics that can be used in the prevention of contagion, improved diagnostics, digital teaching, and remote healthcare services [
65].