Background
Methods
-
Daily sputum volume ≥ 20 ml daily at least 3 consecutive days [22]
-
Clinical stability: no need for medication changes a week prior to enrollment
-
Normal gas exchange: ph ≥7.35 during spontaneous breathing, with or without supplemental oxygen
-
No major cardiac arrhythmias or hemodynamic instability.
Protocol
Measurements
Control group | HFWCO group | CPT group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SEX (Male/Female) | 4 male 6 female | 3 male 7 female | 2 male 8 female | |||
Mean |
SD
| Mean |
SD
| Mean |
SD
| |
AGE(years) | 71.9 |
7.46
| 74.6 |
4.69
| 73.9 |
3.66
|
FVC°(ml) | 2125 |
898.9
| 2545 |
820
| 2427.5 |
813.7
|
FEV1°°(ml) | 1016 |
628.9
| 1509 |
625.5
| 1739 |
672.9
|
Tiffeneau Index | 46.5 |
14.1
| 58.4 |
13.8
| 68.7 |
13.3
|
TLC°°°(ml) | 5593 |
2013
| 5993 |
2407.2
| 5931 |
1546.8
|
RV°°°°(ml) | 3423 |
2047.4
| 3161 |
1106.5
| 3353 |
2320.6
|
paO2(mmHg) | 66.2 |
4.9
| 70.9 |
8.6
| 76.3 |
12.3
|
paCO2(mmHg) | 42.4 |
1.4
| 42.5 |
4.6
| 37.4 |
6.6
|
MIP*(cmH2O) | 50.5 |
10.4
| 61 |
13
| 54.8 |
16.7
|
MEP**(cmH2O) | 65 |
12.6
| 66.6 |
17.7
| 65 |
23.2
|
MMRC*** | 2.2 |
0.4
| 2.1 |
0.7
| 2.3 |
1.3
|
CAT**** | 17.9 |
8.5
| 23.9 |
6.3
| 17.7 |
8.3
|
BCSS***** | 6.2 |
2.4
| 6.8 |
2.8
| 4.9 |
2.8
|
Statistical analysis
Results
Participants
Measurements
Control group (Ctrl) | CPT treatment | HFCWO treatment | Difference between after and before | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
difference | difference | difference |
CPT
|
HFCWO
|
HFCWO
| ||||
After-before
|
After-before
|
After-before
|
vs Ctrl
|
vs Ctrl
|
vs CPT
| ||||
Mean |
SD
| Mean |
SD
| Mean |
SD
|
P-value (covariance analysis)
| |||
WC (103 cell) | 957.0 | 915.7 | 407.0 | 2211.2 | −673.8 | 1093.6 | 0.42 |
0.02
| 0.123 |
RC (106 cell) | −82.0 | 62.3 | 26.0 | 164.7 | 73.0 | 202.5 | 0.13 |
0.03
| 0.503 |
Neutr % | 5.4 | 9.2 | 1.2 | 4.2 | −4.0 | 8.5 | 0.23 |
0.01
| 0.136 |
Lymph % | −1.4 | 3.7 | −1.4 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 7.2 | 0.99 | 0.37 | 0.377 |
FVC (ml) | −37.0 | 35.0 | 54.5 | 153.7 | 192.1 | 80.9 | 0.06 |
0.001
|
0.006
|
FEV1 (ml) | −21.0 | 30.7 | −94.0 | 128.3 | 135.5 | 93.4 | 0.09 |
0.001
|
0.001
|
Tiff.Ind. | −0.6 | 1.3 | −0.6 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 6.7 | 0.99 | 0.07 | 0.072 |
TLC (ml) | 46.0 | 95.6 | −88.0 | 312.4 | −657.0 | 1088.9 | 0.65 |
0.02
| 0.063 |
RV (ml) | 65.0 | 58.5 | −145.0 | 327.8 | −580.0 | 1118.1 | 0.49 |
0.04
| 0.160 |
Mip (cmH2O) | −4.1 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 13.2 | 9.8 | 10.1 | 0.16 |
0.003
| 0.088 |
Mep (cmH2O) | −8.3 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 23.6 | 6.5 | 7.2 | 0.10 |
0.03
| 0.530 |
paO2 (mmHg) | −1.4 | 3.5 | 0.8 | 9.5 | 1.7 | 8.8 | 0.54 | 0.38 | 0.786 |
paCO2 (mmHg) | 0.9 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 2.5 | −0.9 | 2.7 | 0.82 | 0.10 | 0.066 |
ph | −0.004 | 0.010 | 0.001 | 0.023 | 0.016 | 0.028 | 0.59 | 0.049 | 0.143 |
BCSS | 3.1 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 1.8 | −2.7 | 1.8 |
0.001
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
MMRC | 1.0 | 0.8 | −0.5 | 1.1 | −0.7 | 0.8 |
0.001
|
0.001
| 0.629 |
CAT | 9.9 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 6.8 | −8.0 | 4.0 |
0.001
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
C-R Prot. | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.9 | −1.0 | 0.8 |
0.01
|
0.001
|
0.019
|
Control group (Ctrl) | CPT treatment | HFCWO treatment | Difference between after and before | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | Before | After | Before | After |
CPT
|
HFCWO
|
HFCWO
| |||||||
vs Ctrl
|
vs Ctrl
|
vs CPT
| |||||||||||||
Mean |
SD
| Mean |
SD
| Mean |
SD
| Mean |
SD
| Mean |
SD
| Mean |
SD
|
P-value (covariance analysis)
| |||
TCCx 106/mg | 9891 |
1797.3
| 10517 |
2514.9
| 9.636 |
3.181
| 8.490. |
2.771
| 9.671 |
2.136
| 7.225 |
1.186
|
0.001
|
0.001
| 0.096 |
Neutroph % | 70.54 |
5.5
| 78.09 |
6.8
| 65.3 |
10.1
| 62.0 |
9.9
| 72.5 |
9.2
| 59.9 |
10.1
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
0.002
|
Lymphoc % | 9.11 |
3.6
| 7.17 |
2.7
| 11.3 |
4.8
| 13.5 |
3.9
| 10.2 |
5.2
| 11.9 |
4.9
|
0.001
|
0.001
| 0.548 |
Eosin % | 1.09 |
0.46
| 0.97 |
0.44
| 0.9 |
0.4
| 0.7 |
0.4
| 0.6 |
0.2
| 0.6 |
0.1
| 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.333 |
Macroph % | 37.2 |
7.8
| 32.2 |
10.8
| 26.9 |
8.5
| 31.2 |
7.5
| 19.9 |
11.1
| 35.6 |
15.2
|
0.03
|
0.001
|
0.012
|
Sputum (ml) | 74.0 |
10.7
| 77.0 |
10.6
| 70.0 |
21.1
| 62.5 |
18.9
| 72.5 | 23.9 | 52.0 |
16.9
|
0.04
|
0.001
|
0.01
|