Background
Methods
Subjects
Intervention
Clinical assessment
Instrumental assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Clinical assessment
Group APA | Group NSPA | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
baseline | after 3 months | p | baseline | after 3 months | p | |||||
mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
Occiput-to wall distance |
7.42
| 1.96 |
6.00
| 1.93 | 0.001 | 8.48 | 2.63 | 7.88 | 2.28 | ns |
Pain score | ||||||||||
Lumbar spine |
4.97
| 2.43 |
2.73
| 2.66 | 0.01 |
4.83
| 2.40 |
1.85
| 1.95 | *0.003 |
ROM | ||||||||||
R hip extension |
12.60
| 5.32 |
20.40
| 7.13 | 0.002 | 14.62 | 7.40 | 16.31 | 4.07 | ns |
L hip extension |
12.20
| 5.59 |
20.07
| 6.66 | 0.003 | 13.23 | 7.47 | 16.15 | 3.71 | ns |
R knee flexion |
91.13
| 1.36 |
137.47
| 6.64 | *0.002 |
98.54
| 1.29 |
136.00
| 5.35 | 0.008 |
L knee flexion |
92.27
| 3.83 |
138.07
| 4.83 | *0.003 |
98.46
| 2.70 |
137.31
| 5.10 | 0.009 |
R knee extension |
3.00
| 3.56 |
0.00
| 0.00 | *0.01 |
2.85
| 4.56 |
0.00
| 0.00 | *0.04 |
L knee extension |
3.27
| 3.32 |
0.00
| 0.00 | *0.008 |
2.08
| 2.87 |
0.00
| 0.00 | *0.04 |
R ankle dorsiflexion |
4.47
| 6.06 |
12.27
| 9.66 | *0.002 | 6.69 | 4.75 | 8.46 | 2.25 | ns |
L ankle dorsiflexion |
4.53
| 8.09 |
9.53
| 4.88 | *0.012 | 6.00 | 3.76 | 7.85 | 3.80 | ns |
Flexibility | ||||||||||
R pectoralis major, cm |
9.26
| 4.30 |
7.40
| 3.28 | 0.018 | 10.36 | 8.46 | 8.76 | 5.64 | ns |
L pectoralis major, cm |
9.20
| 4.01 |
7.03
| 3,57 | 0.015 | 9.53 | 6.10 | 9.15 | 5.17 | ns |
R hamstrings, degrees |
70.13
| 12.31 |
78.20
| 12.09 | 0.017 |
70.54
| 11.23 |
77.00
| 14.52 | 0.04 |
L harmstrings, degrees |
68.07
| 12.77 |
78.87
| 13.45 | 0.011 |
70.31
| 10.62 |
78.54
| 8.02 | 0.052 |
R hip flexors, cm |
2.33
| 1.79 |
1.57
| 1.33 | 0.079 | 2.12 | 1.64 | 1.81 | 1.50 | ns |
L hip flexors, cm |
2.50
| 1.93 |
1.20
| 0.88 | 0.003 | 2.02 | 1.10 | 1.38 | 1.19 | ns |
Muscle strength | ||||||||||
Spine extensors |
4.21
| 0.89 |
4.86
| 0.36 | 0.013 | 4.31 | 1.18 | 4.69 | 0.85 | ns |
Abdominals |
3.80
| 1.52 |
4.80
| 0.41 | *0.017 | 3.54 | 1.45 | 4.62 | 0.65 | ns |
Group APA | Group NSPA | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
baseline | after 3 months | p | baseline | After 3 months | p | |||||
mean | SD | mean | SD | Mean | SD | mean | SD | |||
Mini-Mental State Examination (max 30) | 28.93 | 1.90 | 28.93 | 1.79 | ns | 28.69 | 1.97 | 28.62 | 2.02 | ns |
Geriatric Depression Scale (0–30) | 5.33 | 4.73 | 4.40 | 5.22 | ns | 4.08 | 2.53 | 3.62 | 2.59 | ns |
Multidimensionall Fatigue Inventory (20–100) | 38.73 | 13.78 | 34.53 | 15.39 | ns | 37.62 | 10.02 | 36.31 | 8.60 | ns |
Short Physical Performance Battery (max 12) |
10.33
| 1.17 |
11.07
| 0.79 | 0.07 |
9.38
| 1.04 |
10.46
| 1.61 | 0.028 |
Barthel Index (max 100) | 98.33 | 2.44 | 99.00 | 2.07 | ns | 98.85 | 2.19 | 100.00 | 0.00 | ns |
Nottingham Extended ADL Index (max 22) | 20.80 | 1.20 | 21.00 | 1.00 | ns | 20.92 | 1.18 | 21.00 | 1.15 | ns |
Instrumental assessment
Group APA | Group NSPA | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
baseline | after 3 months | p | baseline | after 3 months | p | |||||
mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | |||
STATIC | ||||||||||
head protrusion |
40.31
| 8.79 |
35.16
| 9.60 | 0.04 | 39.81 | 10.85 | 40.51 | 9.29 | ns |
R ankle flexion |
80.74
| 3.42 |
83.11
| 3.85 | 0.01 | 80.21 | 4.78 | 80.97 | 5.23 | ns |
L ankle flexion |
80.4
| 4.21 |
83.81
| 3.94 | 0.01 | 81.65 | 5.26 | 83.23 | 5.05 | ns |
EXTENSION | ||||||||||
R knee flexion |
6.58
| 2.67 |
4.10
| 2.41 | <0.0005 |
5.85
| 3.55 |
3.27
| 1.95 | 0.01 |
L knee flexion |
6.41
| 3.61 |
3.87
| 1.92 | <0.0005 |
6.29
| 5.11 |
3.87
| 1.84 | 0.04 |
FLEXION | ||||||||||
head protrusion |
50.71
| 4.86 |
40.08
| 7.02 | <0.0005 | 49.89 | 7.11 | 46.96 | 5.36 | ns |
R ankle flexion |
80.14
| 3.34 |
83.45
| 3.60 | <0.0005 | 80.86 | 5.48 | 81.36 | 4.52 | ns |
L ankle flexion |
81.94
| 3.86 |
84.00
| 3.60 | 0.04 | 82.16 | 3.59 | 82.85 | 5.13 | ns |