Background
Methods
Eligibility criteria
Search methods
Database | Search strategy | Results |
---|---|---|
#1: Search (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((Light Therapies, Low-Level) OR Light Therapy, Low-Level) OR Low Level Light Therapy) OR Low-Level Light Therapies) OR Therapies, Low-Level Light) OR Therapy, Low-Level Light) OR Photobiomodulation Therapy) OR Photobiomodulation Therapies) OR Therapies, Photobiomodulation) OR Therapy, Photobiomodulation) OR LLLT) OR Laser Therapy, Low-Level) OR Laser Therapies, Low-Level) OR Laser Therapy, Low Level) OR Low-Level Laser Therapies) OR Laser Irradiation, Low-Power) OR Irradiation, Low-Power Laser) OR Laser Irradiation, Low Power) OR Low-Power Laser Therapy) OR Low Power Laser Therapy) OR Laser Therapy, Low-Power) OR Laser Therapies, Low-Power) OR Laser Therapy, Low Power) OR Low-Power Laser Therapies) OR Low-Level Laser Therapy) OR Low Level Laser Therapy) OR Low-Power Laser Irradiation) OR Low Power Laser Irradiation) OR Laser Biostimulation) OR Biostimulation, Laser) OR Laser Phototherapy) OR Phototherapy, Laser #2: Search (((((((((((mini implants) OR mini-implants) OR screw implants) OR miniscrew implants) OR mini-screw implants) OR mini screw implants) OR microscrew implants) OR micro-screw implants) OR micro screw implants) OR microimplants) OR micro-implants) OR micro implants #3: Search Orthodontic* #4: #1 AND #2 AND #3 | 310,653 25,958 18,096 272 | |
Embase, http://www.Embase.com/ | #1. ‘low level laser therapy’:ab,ti #2. ‘endoscopic laser therapy’:ab,ti #3. ‘laser biostimulation’:ab,ti #4. ‘laser therapy, low-level’:ab,ti #5. ‘low energy laser therapy’:ab,ti #6. ‘low energy laser treatment’:ab,ti #7. ‘low intensity laser therapy’:ab,ti #8. ‘low intensity laser treatment’:ab,ti #9. ‘low level laser treatment’:ab,ti #10. ‘low level light therapy’:ab,ti #11. ‘low power laser therapy’:ab,ti #12. ‘low power laser treatment’:ab,ti #13. ‘low-level light therapy’:ab,ti #14. ‘miniscrew’:ab,ti #15. ‘mini implants’:ab,ti #16. ‘screw implants’:ab,ti #17. ‘miniscrew implants’:ab,ti #18. ‘microscrew implants’:ab,ti #19. ‘microimplants’:ab,ti #20. ‘micro implants’:ab,ti #21. Orthodontic #22. ‘low level laser therapy’/exp #23. #1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR#9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12 OR #13OR #22 #24. ‘miniscrew’/exp #25. #14 OR #15 OR #16 OR #17 OR #18 OR #19 OR #20 OR #24 #26. ‘randomized controlled trial’/exp #27. #21 AND #23 AND #25 AND #26 | 2388 203 98 7 49 19 168 18 91 161 71 24 161 530 601 322 107 19 159 107 44,184 20,137 20,745 16 1698 526,646 0 |
Cochrane Library, http://cochranelibrary.com/ | #1: MeSH descriptor: [Low-Level Light Therapy] explode all trees #2: (“low level laser therapy”):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched) #3:(Laser Biostimulation):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched) #4: (Photobiomodulation Therapy):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched) #5: (Low-Power Laser Irradiation):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched) #6: #1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 #7: (miniscrew):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched) #8: (mini-implant):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched) #9: (micro-implant):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched) #10: (orthodontic implant):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched) #11: MeSH descriptor: [Orthodontics] explode all trees #12: #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 #13: #6 AND #11 AND #12 | 814 1550 46 138 46 2070 62 67 12 118 2534 192 1 |
Web of science, http://apps.webofknowledge.com/ | #1 (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((Light Therapies, Low-Level) OR Light Therapy, Low-Level) OR Low Level Light Therapy) OR Low-Level Light Therapies) OR Therapies, Low-Level Light) OR Therapy, Low-Level Light) OR Photobiomodulation Therapy) OR Photobiomodulation Therapies) OR Therapies, Photobiomodulation) OR Therapy, Photobiomodulation) OR LLLT) OR Laser Therapy, Low-Level) OR Laser Therapies, Low-Level) OR Laser Therapy, Low Level) OR Low-Level Laser Therapies) OR Laser Irradiation, Low-Power) OR Irradiation, Low-Power Laser) OR Laser Irradiation, Low Power) OR Low-Power Laser Therapy) OR Low Power Laser Therapy) OR Laser Therapy, Low-Power) OR Laser Therapies, Low-Power) OR Laser Therapy, Low Power) OR Low-Power Laser Therapies) OR Low-Level Laser Therapy) OR Low Level Laser Therapy) OR Low-Power Laser Irradiation) OR Low Power Laser Irradiation) OR Laser Biostimulation) OR Biostimulation, Laser) OR Laser Phototherapy) OR Phototherapy, Laser #2: (((((((((((mini implants) OR mini-implants) OR screw implants) OR miniscrew implants) OR mini-screw implants) OR mini screw implants) OR microscrew implants) OR micro-screw implants) OR micro screw implants) OR microimplants) OR micro-implants) OR micro implants #3: Orthodontic* #4: #1 AND #2 AND #3 | 10,951 19,911 24,056 9 |
Science Direct, https://www.sciencedirect.com/ | Title, abstract, or keywords: (“mini-implants” OR “miniscrew implants” OR “microscrew implants”)AND(“low level laser therapy” OR “Photobiomodulation Therapy” OR “Laser Biostimulation” OR “low intensity laser therapy” OR “low level light therapy’) | 290 |
Study selection
Risk of bias in individual studies
Synthesis of studies
Results
Study selection
Study characteristics
Author and year | Age (years) | Sample size(M/F) | Design | Miniscrew dimension (diameter/length in mm) | Implanted sites | Evaluation method | Evaluation interval | Statistical analysis | Study conclusion |
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Abdullah Ekizer et al. (2016) | 16.77 ± 1.4 (19–13.1) | 20 (7/13) | Split-mouth RCT | 1.6/8 | Buccal region between the roots of maxillary second premolar and first molar | Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) Osstell ISQ device (Osstell, Gothenburg, Sweden) | Miniscrew placement (baseline), 1, 2 and 3 months | Paired samples t-test were used at P < 0.05 level | Photobiomodulation therapy had positive effect on stability of miniscrews during canine distalization |
Osman A et al. (2017) | 18 (14–32) | 12 (6/6) | Split-mouth RCT | 1.5/8 | Buccal region between the roots of maxillary second premolar and first molar | Damping capacity assessment (DCA) Periotest device (Siemens AG, Bensheim, Germany) | Before and after loading 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 days | Paired samples t-test were used at P < 0.05 level | LLLT can be suggested as a clinical adjuvant for improving clinical success with miniscrew treatment. However, more long-term studies incorporating more study subjects is deemed necessary to further validate the study results |
AhmedMohamed Abohabib et al. (2018) | 20.9 ± 3.4 (16–25) | 14 | Split-mouth RCT | 1.5/8 | Buccal region between the roots of maxillary second premolar and first molar | Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) Osstell device (Osstell, Gothenburg, Sweden) | 0,1,2,3,4,6,8,10 weeks after mini-implant placement | Paired samples t-test was used at P < 0.05 level to compare two groups, Tukey’s post hoc test was used to study the changes of time in each group | Despite evidence of some significant differences in resonance frequency between mini-implants exposed to low-intensity laser light over a 10-week period there were no differences in mini-implant stability. LLLT cannot be recommended as a clinically useful adjunct to promoting mini-implant stability during canine retraction |
Study ID | Type of laser | Wavelength | Output/energy (density) | Method of application | Frequency of laser treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abdullah Ekizer et al. | OsseoPulseLED device (BioluxResearch Ltd, Vancouver,Canada) | 618 nm | 20 mW/cm2 | The LED irradiation was performed on the test side of maxilla, whereas the other side was chosen the control without irradiation but applied similar device | 20 min once a day during 21 days |
Osman A et al. | Diode laser (Biolase Technology, Inc.; San Clemente, Calif, USA) | 910 nm | 0.7 watts for 60 s | The irradiation was applied over the mini screw insertion area. On the contralateral side, the bio stimulation tip of the laser was directed toward the miniscrew while the laser device was switched off to act as a placebo | The irradiation was repeated throughout the duration of 14 days with an interval of 72 h between each application (four applications) |
AhmedMohamed Abohabib et al. | Biolase (Epic 10 Console) diode laser | 940 nm | 36 J/cm2 | The laser was placed over and perpendicular to the mini-implant on an active or working mode for the laser sides; whilst on the control sides, the laser was placed over the mini-implant without using the active mode | LLLT was applied on days (0, 7, 14 and 21) after mini-implant placement |
Risk of bias (RoB) within the included studies
Article | Judgement | Support for judgement |
---|---|---|
Abdullah Ekizer et al. 2016 | ||
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote: Trial and placebo sides were selected on a random basis. (coin toss) |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote: Twenty envelopes containing the subjects’ information were used to ensure allocation concealment from the researchers. Sequential numbers were written on the envelopes |
Blinding of participants and personnel | Low risk | Both the investigators and the participants remained blinded to treatment |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) | Low risk | Quote: The measurements of the data were done by a clinician blinded to the assignment |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | All randomized patients were accounted for |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | No suggestion of incomplete reporting of data and outcome |
Other bias | Low risk | Study appears to be free of other sources of bias |
Osman A et al. 2017 | ||
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote: Both sides were randomly selected by tossing a coin, in which the face was the study side and the back was the control side for each selected patient |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Method of concealment was not mentioned |
Blinding of participants and personnel | High risk | Participants was blind, but not Clinician and investigator |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) | Unclear risk | it was not mentioned whether blinding of outcome assessors was done or not |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | All randomized patients were accounted for |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | No suggestion of incomplete reporting of data and outcome |
Other bias | Unclear risk | Source of funding was not mentioned |
Ahmed Mohamed Abohabib et al. 2018 | ||
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote: Block randomization was performed with a 1:1 allocation. The sequence of the sides subjected to low-intensity laser light and the control was computer-generated with random numbers |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote: The allocation was carried out using opaque sealed envelopes. On the day of mini-implant placement, which was also the first day of laser light application, each subject chose one envelope to detect their randomized allocation |
Blinding of participants and personnel | Low risk | Both the clinician and the participants remained blinded to treatment |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) | Low risk | Assessor measured the stability values blindly for each side at every evaluation interval |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Low risk | Dropout patients were reported and the reasons were mentioned |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | High risk | No suggestion of incomplete reporting of data and outcome |
Other bias | Unclear risk | Source of funding was not mentioned |