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Erschienen in: Der Pathologe 2/2018

26.02.2018 | Ewing-Sarkom | Schwerpunkt: Knorpel, Knochen, Chorda – Molekulare Pathologie

Ewing-Sarkome und Ewing-artige Sarkome

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verfasst von: Priv.-Doz. Dr. K. Specht, W. Hartmann

Erschienen in: Die Pathologie | Ausgabe 2/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Sarkome der Ewing-Familie sind aggressive Tumoren, die im Knochen und Weichgewebe zumeist bei Kindern und jungen Erwachsenen auftreten. Pathognomonisch für klassische Ewing-Sarkome sind Fusionen zwischen einem Gen der RNA-bindenden TET-Familie (EWSR1 oder FUS) mit einem Gen der ETS-Transkriptionsfaktor-Familie (FLI1, ERG, ETV1, ETV4 oder FEV). In den letzten Jahren wurden neben klassischen Ewing-Tumoren rundzellige Sarkome identifiziert, die bei teilweise überlappender Morphologie und immunhistochemischem Profil aus praktischen und therapeutischen Erwägungen als „Ewing-Sarkom-artig“ eingestuft wurden. Zu diesen Tumoren gehören sowohl die sehr seltenen Sarkome mit Fusion von EWSR1 mit non-ETS-Genen (NFATC2, POU5F1, SMARCA5, PATZ, ZSG, SP3) als auch rundzellige Sarkome mit neu charakterisierten molekularen Veränderungen wie einer CIC-DUX4-Fusion oder BCOR-Alterationen mit jeweils distinkten Genexpressionssignaturen und unterschiedlicher Klinik. Im Gegensatz zu klassischen Ewing-Sarkomen ist das morphologische Spektrum dieser neuen Tumorentitäten sehr viel breiter und umfasst neben rundzelligen auch spindelzellige und myxoide Tumorareale. Das immunhistochemische Profil mit inkonsistenter CD99-Expression erschwert zusätzlich die diagnostische Einordnung und führt zu einer beträchtlichen Erweiterung des in der Routinediagnostik anzuwendenden immunhistochemischen Panels, der molekularen Aufarbeitung und damit zu einer Änderung des diagnostischen Algorithmus. Das zukünftige Therapiemanagement dieser neu definierten rundzelligen Sarkome sowie die Charakterisierung möglicher neuer, bisher nicht bekannter genetischer Aberrationen zur weiteren molekularen Subklassifikation sind Gegenstand intensiver Forschungsanstrengungen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Ewing-Sarkome und Ewing-artige Sarkome
Neue Aspekte
verfasst von
Priv.-Doz. Dr. K. Specht
W. Hartmann
Publikationsdatum
26.02.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Pathologie / Ausgabe 2/2018
Print ISSN: 2731-7188
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-018-0421-2

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