Introduction
Materials and methods
Data collection
Prenatal fetal echocardiography
Mitochondrial function study
Brain mitochondrial isolation
Cardiac mitochondrial isolation
Determination of cardiac and brain mitochondrial ROS production
Determination of cardiac and brain mitochondrial membrane potential change
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics | Affected fetuses N:18 | Non-anemic fetuses; N: 13 | P-value* |
---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | |||
Maternal age (years): mean ± SD | 26.3 ± 4.5 | 28.8 ± 5.9 | 0.204 |
Parity; nulliparity : N (%) | 13 (76.5%) | 9 (69.2%) | 0.657# |
Gestational age at sampling (weeks): mean ± SD | 19.4 ± 2.7 | 19.6 ± 2.9 | 0.846 |
Biparietal diameter (cm): mean ± SD | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 4.6 ± 1.0 | 0.571 |
Hemoglobin (g/dl): mean ± SD | 6.4 ± 1.3 | 11.2 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 |
Hematocrit (%): mean ± SD | 26.9 ± 5.6 | 37.1 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 |
Cardiac morphology | |||
Cardio-thoracic diameter ratio : mean ± SD | 0.60 ± 0.07 | 0.45 ± 0.04 | < 0.001 |
Cardio-thoracic area ratio : mean ± SD | 0.39 ± 0.07 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | < 0.001 |
Left ventricular wall thickness (mm) : mean ± SD | 1.77 ± 0.49 | 1.69 ± 0.45 | 0.643 |
Right ventricular wall thickness (mm) : mean ± SD | 1.78 ± 0.45 | 1.57 ± 0.53 | 0.251 |
Global sphericity index (GSI): mean ± SD | 1.07 ± 0.21 | 1.27 ± 0.12 | 0.005 |
Cardiac function | |||
Combined cardiac output Z-score: mean ± SD | 1.55 ± 0.77 | 0.95 ± 0.48 | 0.020 |
Right myocardial performance index: mean ± SD | 0.57 ± 0.13 | 0.48 ± 0.10 | 0.036 |
Right isovolumic contraction time: mean ± SD | 45.44 ± 14.10 | 35.56 ± 10.31 | 0.041 |
Right isovolumic relaxation time: mean ± SD | 48.50 ± 10.12 | 46.48 ± 7.47 | 0.545 |
Right ejection time: mean ± SD | 154.56 ± 14.95 | 152.31 ± 13.69 | 0.827 |
Left myocardial performance index: mean ± SD | 0.55 ± 0.13 | 0.49 ± 0.11 | 0.203 |
Left isovolumic contraction time: mean ± SD | 48.44 ± 16.97 | 33.38 ± 11.99 | 0.010 |
Left isovolumic relaxation time: mean ± SD | 44.39 ± 9.50 | 45.15 ± 7.41 | 0.811 |
Left ejection time: mean ± SD | 157.67 ± 12.63 | 157.54 ± 13.18 | 0.839 |
Right shortening fraction (%): mean ± SD | 35 ± 7 | 40 ± 11 | 0.173 |
Left shortening fraction (%): mean ± SD | 39 ± 13 | 39 ± 9 | 0.816 |
Ductus venosus preload index: mean ± SD | 0.50 ± 0.25 | 0.48 ± 0.15 | 0.786 |
Cerebral circulation | |||
MCA-PSV (cm/sec): mean ± SD | 38.88 ± 8.05 | 26.97 ± 11.58 | < 0.001 |
MCA-PSV (MoMs): mean ± SD | 1.56 ± 0.52 | 0.85 ± 0.43 | < 0.001 |
MCA-PI: mean ± SD | 1.31 ± 0.26 | 1.51 ± 0.23 | 0.029 |