Background
Methods
Experimental approach
Data collection
Sample size
Data preparation
Functional enrichment analysis
Gene Ontology (GO)
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)
Bioinformatic tools
Up- and down-regulated single markers
Results
Patient and sample characteristics
Characteristics, N = 83 | |
---|---|
Age | 61 (52–69) |
Sex, female | 28 (34) |
BMI | 26 (23–31) |
Comorbidities | |
Cardiovascular disease | 43 (52) |
Diabetes | 29 (35) |
Peripheral vascular disease | 10 (12) |
COPD | 8 (9.6) |
Chronic kidney disease | 6 (7.2) |
Malignancy | 5 (6) |
Immune deficiency | 3 (3.6) |
Rheumatoid disease | 3 (3.6) |
Liver cirrhosis | 2 (2.4) |
Disease severity measures | |
Septic shock on admission | 34 (41) |
SAPS II* | 43 (35 −48) |
SOFA, day 1† | 8 (6–9) |
LRINEC‡ | 8 (6–9) |
Prognosis | |
Days hospitalized in the intensive care unit | 9 (5–14) |
Amputation within seven days | 10 (12) |
Mortality, day 90§ | 11 (13) |
Differential expressed genes
Functional gene enrichment analysis
Category | Term | Percent | P value | Genes | FDR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upregulated GO terms (top 3) | |||||
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS | Adaptive immune response | 11% | 8.01E-16 | EOMES, TRAT1, SH2D1A, TARM1, CAMK4, ZNF683, ZAP70, KLRD1, CD3D, CD3E, LAX1, CD3G, ITK, SKAP1, CD247, JCHAIN, THEMIS, CD6, CD7, CD8A, CD8B, TXK, LAG3 | 9.88E-13 |
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS | T cell activation | 7% | 1.45E-14 | DPP4, CD28, NLRC3, RASGRP1, ZAP70, CD2, CD3E, CD3G, ITK, CD7, CD8A, LAG3, CD8B, LY9 | 8.98E-12 |
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS | T cell receptor signaling pathway | 8% | 4.45E-14 | GATA3, CD28, ZNF683, ZAP70, BTN3A3, CD3D, CD3E, CD3G, ITK, PLCG1, CD247, SKAP1, THEMIS, LCK, CD8A, CD8B, TXK | 1.83E-11 |
Upregulated KEGG pathways (top 3) | |||||
PATHWAY | T cell receptor signaling pathway | 7% | 6.45E-10 | NFATC2, CD28, RASGRP1, ZAP70, CARD11, CD3D, CD3E, CD3G, ITK, PLCG1, CD247, LCK, CD8A, CD8B | 1.20E-07 |
PATHWAY | Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation | 6% | 1.44E-09 | RUNX3, GATA3, NFATC2, IL2RB, ZAP70, CD3D, CD3E, CD3G, PLCG1, CD247, STAT4, TBX21, LCK | 1.34E-07 |
PATHWAY | Th17 cell differentiation | 6% | 9.73E-09 | GATA3, NFATC2, IL2RB, ZAP70, RORA, RORC, CD3D, CD3E, CD3G, PLCG1, CD247, TBX21, LCK | 6.04E-07 |
Category | Term | Percent | P value | Genes | FDR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Downregulated GO terms (significant) | |||||
Biological process | Apoptotic process | 12% | 7.82E + 08 | IL1B, RNF144B, STK3, DRAM1, CASP5, MAP2K6, DDIT4, PLK3, GADD45Α, PLSCR1, MARCKS, HIP1, KLLN, BMX, BCL2A1, NLRP3, KIF1B, NFKBIA, TNFAIP3, TNFRSF10D, NR2E1, NAIP | 0.001037 |
Biological process | Positive regulation of T helper 1 cell cytokine production | 2% | 5.62E + 10 | ARID5A, IL1B, IL18R1, IL1R1 | 0.03726 |
Downregulated KEGG pathways (significant) | |||||
PATHWAY | NF-kappa B signaling pathway | 5% | 7.17E-06 | IL1B, TNFSF13B, IL1R1, BCL2A1, CXCL1, ICAM1, TNFAIP3, NFKBIA, TRIM25, GADD45Α | 0.001147 |