Background
Intervention
Methods
Research design
Study sample and data collection
Analysis plan
Background Characteristics | Percentage (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total (N = 594)a | Did not receive HNS trainingb | Received HNS trainingb | ||
Study Arm | Programme blocks | 70.4 | 11.0 | 89.0d |
Non-programme blocks | 29.6 | 100.0 | 0.0 | |
Age | 18–24 years | 33.3 | 50.0 | 50.0 |
25–34 years | 39.9 | 33.3 | 66.7 | |
35 years and above | 26.8 | 27.7 | 72.3d | |
Mean (Standard Deviation) | 29.2 (7.9) | 27.1 (7.1) | 30.4 (8.1) | |
Gender | Male | 0.8 | 80.0 | 20.0c |
Female | 99.2 | 37.1 | 62.9 | |
Religion | Hindu | 95.8 | 32.0 | 68.0 |
Others | 4.2 | 37.6 | 62.4 | |
Caste | Scheduled castes/ Scheduled tribes | 20.2 | 33.3 | 66.7 |
Other backward castes | 68.9 | 37.4 | 62.6 | |
Others | 10.9 | 44.6 | 55.4 | |
Education | 0–8 years | 11.1 | 22.7 | 77.3 |
9–10 years (high school) | 33.7 | 38.5 | 61.5 | |
11–12 years (higher secondary school) | 32.2 | 38.2 | 61.8 | |
13+ years | 23.1 | 41.6 | 58.4 | |
Marital status | Other marital status | 19.0 | 39.8 | 60.2 |
Currently married | 81.0 | 36.8 | 63.2 | |
Own a mobile phone | Personal | 89.9 | 56.7 | 43.3d |
Shared | 10.1 | 35.2 | 64.8 | |
Type of mobile phone | Basic brick phone | 75.8 | 38.2 | 61.8 |
Featured phone | 16.2 | 33.3 | 66.7 | |
Smart phone | 6.4 | 26.3 | 73.7c | |
Duration of association | Duration of association with JEEViKA in months (mean, SD) | 31 (21) | 22 (16.2) | 37c (21.8) |
Work duration | Weekly working hours (mean, SD) | 18.4 (13.8) | 17.2(13.3) | 19.2 (14.1) |
A. Knowledge Indicators (Average scores)A. | Average knowledge score of CMs (For each indicator, knowledge score ranges from 0 to 1) | ||
Total (N = 594) | Did not receive HNS training (N = 222) | Received HNS training (N = 372) | |
1. Importance of registering a pregnancy | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.6b |
2. Tests to be conducted during antenatal care check-ups | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.7b |
3. Steps that can be taken to prepare delivery for birth (home/hospital) | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.7b |
4. Benefits of institutional delivery | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5b |
5. Nutritional requirements of a pregnant woman/ lactating mother in comparison to a non-pregnant woman | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.5b |
6. Elements of proper nutrition during pregnancy | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6b |
6. Steps to be carried out immediately following the birth of a new-born | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3b |
8. Elements to be included in post-natal check-ups of the new-born | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4b |
9. Elements comprising skin to skin care | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.8b |
10. Steps taken to ensure clean umbilical cord care | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.4b |
11. Potential health complications to look out for during the first month of birth | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2b |
12. Steps that can be taken to make a child’s food nutritious and energy dense | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4b |
13. Services provided at the Anganwadi Centre | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4b |
14. Services provided during the monthly-held village health, nutrition and sanitation day | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.4b |
B. Knowledge Indicators (Proportions) | Proportion of CMs who answered correctly to binary knowledge indicators | ||
Total (N = 594) | Did not receive HNS training (N = 222) | Received HNS training (N = 372) | |
1. Pregnancy should be registered during the first trimester | 80.6 | 68.5 | 87.9b |
2. At least three antenatal check-ups should be conducted during a pregnancy | 28.6 | 9.5 | 40.1b |
3. A pregnant woman should receive two or more anti-tetanus injections during pregnancy | 84.0 | 72.5 | 90.9b |
4. A pregnant woman should take 100 or more iron-folic acid tablets during pregnancy | 72.1 | 46.9 | 87.1b |
5. The health institution is the preferred location for a delivery | 90.4 | 85.1 | 93.6b |
6. A pregnant woman should be given information on who to call for assistance during an emergency | 93.4 | 86.0 | 97.9b |
7. Respondent knows the emergency number for the ambulance service | 76.4 | 50.9 | 91.7b |
8. Respondent is aware of the availability of 24-h ambulance service | 70.5 | 59.5 | 77.2b |
9. Knowledge that a new-born baby should be examined by a trained healthcare professional within the first hour of birth | 94.6 | 92.4 | 96.0 |
10. Breastfeeding of the new-born should be initiated in the first hour of birth | 95.1 | 90.5 | 97.9b |
11. A baby should not be given a bath for the first 72 h of life | 73.9 | 55.9 | 84.7b |
12. Pregnant women should consume tricolored food items daily | 76.3 | 46.9 | 93.8b |
13. The minimum normal weight of a new-born is 2500 g | 68.7 | 65.8 | 70.4 |
14. Infants under six months of age should not be given water | 82.5 | 68.5 | 90.9b |
15. Semi-solid foods should be initiated at six months of age | 93.9 | 91.9 | 95.2 |
16. Foods that can be initiated after six months of age include water, animal/formula milk, semi-solid or solid food like khichdi | |||
17. Children between the ages of 6–24 months should only receive semi-solid foods | 74.8 | 77.0 | 73.4a |
18. ORS treatment should be given during diarrhoea | 66.2 | 52.7 | 74.2b |
19. The government provides the new mother an incentive of INR 1400 under Janani Evam Bal Suraksha Yojana (JBSY) on delivering at a government health facility | 97.8 | 96.4 | 98.7 |
20. Annaprashan Divas is held on 19th of every month | 78.1 | 62.2 | 87.6b |
Key tasks and activities | Percentage of community mobilizers who report carrying out the specific activity in past 7 days (N = 594) | Average time spent on these tasks and activities in past seven days (in hours) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total (N = 594) | Did not receive HNS training (N = 222) | Received HNS training (N = 372) | ||
Conducting meetings where health, nutrition and sanitation modules are rolled out | 6.1 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.4b |
Maintaining health and nutrition register | 23.7 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.5b |
Conducting a meeting on non-health topics | 40.1 | 11.9 | 13.5 | 11.1 |
Maintaining books of record | 43.3 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 1.9 |
Training SHG members on non-health topics | 23.7 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.3b |
Preparing micro-plan for self-help groups | 19.9 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.1a |
Facilitating bank linkages of self-help groups | 12.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.8 |
Forming new self-help groups | 12.0 | 3.0 | 4.6 | 2.1 |
Facilitating opening new bank accounts for members | 11.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
Attending village organization, cluster and related administrative meetings | 6.7 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.5a |
Resolving conflicts and disagreements among self-help group members | 2.9 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Background Characteristics | Knowledge and Awareness score | Interacting with block integrator | Maintain HNS registers | Spent time on HNS activity in past week | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average score | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
21.0 (N = 594) | 54.4 | 59.9 | 26.9 | ||
Received training on HNS | Yes | 23.7 | 82.0b | 88.4b | 36.6b |
No | 16.5 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 10.8 | |
Study arm | Community mobilizers in programme blocks | 22.9 | 76.8b | 82.8b | 34.2b |
Community mobilizers in non-programme blocks | 16.5 | 1.1 | 5.7 | 9.7 | |
Age | 18–24 years | 19.2 | 41.9b | 50.5b | 23.7 |
25–34 years | 21.6 | 59.9 | 62.8 | 29.5 | |
35+ years | 22.4 | 61.6 | 67.3 | 27.0 | |
Mean (SD) | – | 30.3 (7.99) | 30.1 (8.04) | 29.4 (7.31) | |
Gender | Male | 18.5 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 0.0 |
Female | 21.0 | 54.7 | 60.3 | 27.2 | |
Caste | Scheduled castes/Scheduled tribes | 21.6 | 55.0 | 61.7 | 27.5 |
Other backward castes | 21.1 | 56.2 | 59.9 | 26.4 | |
General | 19.6 | 41.5 | 56.9 | 29.2 | |
Education | 0–8 years of schooling | 22.3 | 60.6 | 69.7 | 33.3 |
Completed 9th/10th grade (high school) | 20.9 | 55.5 | 54.0 | 25.5 | |
Completed 11th/12th grade (higher secondary school) | 20.8 | 53.4 | 61.8 | 25.7 | |
Completed 13+ years of schooling | 20.7 | 51.1 | 61.3 | 27.7 | |
Marital status | Currently married | 19.3 | 51.3 | 59.3 | 26.6 |
Currently not married | 21.4 | 55.1 | 60.1 | 27.0 | |
Own a mobile phone | Personal | 18.7 | 56.5a | 48.3 | 20.0 |
Shared | 21.3 | 35.0 | 61.2 | 27.7 | |
Type of mobile phone | Basic brick phone | 20.8 | 54.9b | 57.8b | 27.3 |
Featured phone | 21.2 | 54.2 | 68.8 | 26.0 | |
Smart phone | 23.0 | 60.5 | 73.7 | 31.6 | |
Length of association | Average months of association with JEEViKA | – | 4.4 (1.39) | 4.4 (1.38) | 4.4 (1.31) |
Work duration | < 18 h | 20.7 | 52.2 | 53.5b | 19.9b |
≥18 h | 21.3 | 56.6 | 66.3 | 34.0 |
Model A: Knowledge Scores | Model B: Interaction with BHNSI | Model C: Maintain HNS register | Model D: Spent time on HNS activity in past week | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta coef. (SE) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
Model I | |||||
R-square | 0.374 | 0.242 | 0.330 | 0.036 | |
Received training on HNS (Ref: No) | 1.05b (0.05) | 1.70d (1.55–1.87) | 2.08d (1.85–2.36) | 1.15d (1.09–1.22) | |
Model II | |||||
R-square | 0.428 | 0.304 | 0.372 | 0.064 | |
Received training on HNS (Ref: No) | 0.96b (0.06) | 1.61d (1.41–1.83) | 2.03d (1.63–2.54) | 1.15d (1.07–1.23) | |
Age (Ref: 18–24 years) | 25–34 years | 1.13a (0.46) | 1.77c (1.01–3.12) | 1.20 (0.66–2.18) | 1.24 (0.70–2.19) |
35+ years | 1.28a (0.56) | 1.11 (0.59–2.09) | 1.13 (0.53–2.42) | 0.99 (0.52–1.88) | |
Caste (Ref: Scheduled castes/ Scheduled tribes) | Other backward castes | −0.33 (0.45) | 1.22 (0.73–2.05) | 0.95 (0.52–1.74) | 0.98 (0.58–1.65) |
General | −0.79 (0.63) | 0.90 (0.36–2.26) | 1.75 (0.72–4.23) | 1.43 (0.70–2.94) | |
Education (Ref: 0–8 years of schooling) | Completed 9th/10th grade (high school) | −1.05 (0.59) | 0.86 (0.44–1.71) | 0.48 (0.22–1.03) | 0.62 (0.33–1.19) |
Completed 11th/12th grade (higher secondary school) | −0.24 (0.60) | 0.97 (0.47–1.98) | 0.98 (0.43–2.21) | 0.62 (0.33–1.18) | |
Completed 13+ years of schooling | −0.25 (0.63) | 0.86 (0.38–1.94) | 0.99 (0.42–2.34) | 0.67 (0.34–1.34) | |
Marital status (Ref: Single) | Currently married | 1.17a (0.55) | 0.72 (0.39–1.32) | 1.00 (0.49–2.03) | 0.90 (0.50–1.63) |
Own a mobile (Ref: Shared mobile) | Personal mobile | 0.73 (0.56) | 2.06c (1.03–4.12) | 1.09 (0.58–2.03) | 1.19 (0.54–2.60) |
Duration of association: Average months of association with JEEViKA | 0.03b (0.01) | 1.04d (1.02–1.05) | 1.02d (1.01–1.04) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | |
Weekly work duration (Ref: < 18 h) | 18 h or more | 0.12 (0.35) | 0.90 (0.60–1.37) | 1.66c (1.07–2.55) | 2.10d (1.40–3.14) |