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01.01.2014 | Original Paper

Neurofeedback in ADHD: Further Pieces of the Puzzle

verfasst von: Holger Gevensleben, Maike Kleemeyer, Lillian Geza Rothenberger, Petra Studer, Andrea Flaig-Röhr, Gunther H. Moll, Aribert Rothenberger, Hartmut Heinrich

Erschienen in: Brain Topography | Ausgabe 1/2014

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Abstract

Among the different neuromodulation techniques, neurofeedback (NF) is gaining increasing interest in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this article, a methodological framework is summarised considering the training as a neuro-behavioural treatment. Randomised controlled trials are selectively reviewed. Results from two smaller-scale studies are presented with the first study comprising a tomographic analysis over the course of a slow cortical potential (SCP) training and a correlational analysis of regulation skills and clinical outcome in children with ADHD. In the second study, ADHD-related behaviour was studied in children with tic disorder who either conducted a SCP training or a theta/low-beta (12–15 Hz) training (single-blind, randomised design). Both studies provide further evidence for the specificity of NF effects in ADHD. Based on these findings, a refined model of the mechanisms contributing to the efficacy of SCP training is developed. Despite a number of open questions concerning core mechanisms, moderators and mediators, NF (theta/beta and SCP) training seems to be on its way to become a valuable and ethically acceptable module in the treatment of children with ADHD.

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A comprehensive review about SCPs is provided in Birbaumer et al. (1990).

In a meta-analysis (Arns et al. 2009), the RCTs of Gevensleben et al. (2009a) and Bakhshayesh et al. (2011) but also earlier studies were considered. Large effect sizes for inattention and about medium effect sizes for hyperactivity/impulsivity were found.

Originally, a SMR training was intended to be run. However, as a SMR training is recommended to reinforce a specific SMR spindle with duration of 0.25 s (Sherlin et al. 2011), which has not been done in our study, we decided to name the protocol 'theta/low-beta'.

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Titel: Neurofeedback in ADHD: Further Pieces of the Puzzle
verfasst von: Holger Gevensleben
Maike Kleemeyer
Lillian Geza Rothenberger
Petra Studer
Andrea Flaig-Röhr
Gunther H. Moll
Aribert Rothenberger
Hartmut Heinrich
Publikationsdatum: 01.01.2014
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Brain Topography / Ausgabe 1/2014
Print ISSN: 0896-0267
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-6792
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-013-0285-y

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