Abstract
The present article summarizes current trends in arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs focusing on the used repair technique, potential influencing factors on the results, and long-term outcome after reconstruction of the rotator cuff. Moreover, different treatment options for the treatment for irreparable rotator cuff ruptures were described, and the results of additional augmentation of the repairs with platelet-rich plasma were critically analyzed. Based on the current literature, double-row repairs did not achieve superior clinical results compared to single-row repairs neither in the clinical results nor in the re-rupture rate. Multiple factors such as age, fatty infiltration, and initial rupture size might influence the results. If the rupture is not repairable, various options were described including cuff debridement, partial repair, tuberoplasty, or tendon transfers. The additional augmentation with platelet-rich plasma did not reveal any significant differences in the healing rate compared to conventional rotator cuff repairs.
Level of evidence IV.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adler RS, Johnson KM, Fealy S et al (2011) Contrast-enhanced sonographic characterization of the vascularity of the repaired rotator cuff: utility of maximum intensity projection imaging. J Ultrasound Med 30:1103–1109
Anderson K, Boothby M, Aschenbrener D, van HM (2006) Outcome and structural integrity after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using 2 rows of fixation: minimum 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 34:1899–1905
Apreleva M, Ozbaydar M, Fitzgibbons PG, Warner JJ (2002) Rotator cuff tears: the effect of the reconstruction method on three-dimensional repair site area. Arthroscopy 18:519–526
Aurora A, Mesiha M, Tan CD et al (2011) Mechanical characterization and biocompatibility of a novel reinforced fascia patch for rotator cuff repair. J Biomed Mater Res A 99:221–230
Aydin N, Kocaoglu B, Guven O (2010) Single-row versus double-row arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in small- to medium-sized tears. J Should Elb Surg 19:722–725
Badhe SP, Lawrence TM, Smith FD, Lunn PG (2008) An assessment of porcine dermal xenograft as an augmentation graft in the treatment of extensive rotator cuff tears. J Should Elb Surg 17:35S–39S
Barber FA, Burns JP, Deutsch A et al (2012) A prospective, randomized evaluation of acellular human dermal matrix augmentation for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Arthroscopy 28:8–15
Barber FA, Herbert MA, Schroeder FA et al (2010) Biomechanical advantages of triple-loaded suture anchors compared with double-row rotator cuff repairs. Arthroscopy 26:316–323
Barber FA, Hrnack SA, Snyder SJ, Hapa O (2011) Rotator cuff repair healing influenced by platelet-rich plasma construct augmentation. Arthroscopy 27:1029–1035
Baums MH, Spahn G, Steckel H et al (2009) Comparative evaluation of the tendon-bone interface contact pressure in different single- versus double-row suture anchor repair techniques. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 17:1466–1472
Bedi A, Dines J, Warren RF, Dines DM (2010) Massive tears of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92:1894–1908
Bedi A, Fox AJ, Kovacevic D et al (2010) Doxycycline-mediated inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases improves healing after rotator cuff repair. Am J Sports Med 38:308–317
Bedi A, Kovacevic D, Hettrich C et al (2010) The effect of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition on tendon-to-bone healing in a rotator cuff repair model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 19:384–391
Bennett WF (2003) Arthroscopic repair of massive rotator cuff tears: a prospective cohort with 2- to 4-year follow-up. Arthroscopy 19:380–390
Bergeson AG, Tashjian RZ, Greis PE et al (2011) Effects of platelet-rich fibrin matrix on repair integrity of at-risk rotator cuff tears. Am J Sports Med. doi:10.1177/0363546511424402
Boileau P, Brassart N, Watkinson DJ et al (2005) Arthroscopic repair of full-thickness tears of the supraspinatus: does the tendon really heal? J Bone Joint Surg Am 87:1229–1240
Bond JL, Dopirak RM, Higgins J et al (2008) Arthroscopic replacement of massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears using a GraftJacket allograft: technique and preliminary results. Arthroscopy 24:403–409
Burkhart SS, Barth JR, Richards DP et al (2007) Arthroscopic repair of massive rotator cuff tears with stage 3 and 4 fatty degeneration. Arthroscopy 23:347–354
Burkhart SS, Cole BJ (2010) Bridging self-reinforcing double-row rotator cuff repair: we really are doing better. Arthroscopy 26:677–680
Burkhart SS, Johnson TC, Wirth MA, Athanasiou KA (1997) Cyclic loading of transosseous rotator cuff repairs: tension overload as a possible cause of failure. Arthroscopy 13:172–176
Burks RT, Crim J, Brown N et al (2009) A prospective randomized clinical trial comparing arthroscopic single- and double-row rotator cuff repair: magnetic resonance imaging and early clinical evaluation. Am J Sports Med 37:674–682
Cadet ER, Adler RS, Gallo RA et al (2011) Contrast-enhanced ultrasound characterization of the vascularity of the repaired rotator cuff tendon: short-term and intermediate-term follow-up. J Should Elb Surg. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2007.07.004
Castricini R, Longo UG, De BM et al (2011) Platelet-rich plasma augmentation for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 39:258–265
Charousset C, Bellaiche L, Kalra K, Petrover D (2010) Arthroscopic repair of full-thickness rotator cuff tears: is there tendon healing in patients aged 65 years or older? Arthroscopy 26:302–309
Charousset C, Grimberg J, Duranthon LD et al (2007) Can a double-row anchorage technique improve tendon healing in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair?: a prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study of double-row and single-row anchorage techniques with computed tomographic arthrography tendon healing assessment. Am J Sports Med 35:1247–1253
Cho NS, Lee BG, Rhee YG (2011) Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using a suture bridge technique: is the repair integrity actually maintained? Am J Sports Med 39:2108–2116
Christoforetti JJ, Krupp RJ, Singleton SB et al (2011) Arthroscopic suture bridge transosseus equivalent fixation of rotator cuff tendon preserves intratendinous blood flow at the time of initial fixation. J Should Elb Surg. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2011.02.012
Chung SW, Oh JH, Gong HS et al (2011) Factors affecting rotator cuff healing after arthroscopic repair: osteoporosis as one of the independent risk factors. Am J Sports Med 39:2099–2107
Cofield RH, Parvizi J, Hoffmeyer PJ et al (2001) Surgical repair of chronic rotator cuff tears. A prospective long-term study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 83:71–77
Cole BJ, Gomoll AH, Yanke A et al (2007) Biocompatibility of a polymer patch for rotator cuff repair. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 15:632–637
Cummins CA, Appleyard RC, Strickland S et al (2005) Rotator cuff repair: an ex vivo analysis of suture anchor repair techniques on initial load to failure. Arthroscopy 21:1236–1241
Cummins CA, Strickland S, Appleyard RC et al (2003) Rotator cuff repair with bioabsorbable screws: an in vivo and ex vivo investigation. Arthroscopy 19:239–248
DeFranco MJ, Bershadsky B, Ciccone J et al (2007) Functional outcome of arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs: a correlation of anatomic and clinical results. J Should Elb Surg 16:759–765
Diop A, Maurel N, Chang VK et al (2011) Tendon fixation in arthroscopic latissimus dorsi transfer for irreparable posterosuperior cuff tears: an in vitro biomechanical comparison of interference screw and suture anchors. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 26:904–909
Encalada-Diaz I, Cole BJ, MacGillivray JD et al (2011) Rotator cuff repair augmentation using a novel polycarbonate polyurethane patch: preliminary results at 12 months’ follow-up. J Should Elb Surg 20:788–794
Fenlin JM Jr, Chase JM, Rushton SA, Frieman BG (2002) Tuberoplasty: creation of an acromiohumeral articulation-a treatment option for massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears. J Should Elb Surg 11:136–142
Flurin PH, Landreau P, Gregory T et al (2005) Arthroscopic repair of full-thickness cuff tears: a multicentric retrospective study of 576 cases with anatomical assessment. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 91:31–42
Franceschi F, Ruzzini L, Longo UG et al (2007) Equivalent clinical results of arthroscopic single-row and double-row suture anchor repair for rotator cuff tears: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 35:1254–1260
Funakoshi T, Iwasaki N, Kamishima T et al (2010) In vivo visualization of vascular patterns of rotator cuff tears using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Am J Sports Med 38:2464–2471
Funakoshi T, Iwasaki N, Kamishima T et al (2011) In vivo vascularity alterations in repaired rotator cuffs determined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Am J Sports Med 39:2640–2646
Galatz LM, Ball CM, Teefey SA et al (2004) The outcome and repair integrity of completely arthroscopically repaired large and massive rotator cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86:219–224
Gamradt SC, Gallo RA, Adler RS et al (2010) Vascularity of the supraspinatus tendon three months after repair: characterization using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. J Should Elb Surg 19:73–80
Gazielly DF, Gleyze P, Montagnon C (1994) Functional and anatomical results after rotator cuff repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res 304:43–53
Gerber C (1992) Latissimus dorsi transfer for the treatment of irreparable tears of the rotator cuff. Clin Orthop Relat Res 275:152–160
Gerber C, Fuchs B, Hodler J (2000) The results of repair of massive tears of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Am 82:505–515
Gerber C, Maquieira G, Espinosa N (2006) Latissimus dorsi transfer for the treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am 88:113–120
Gerber C, Schneeberger AG, Beck M, Schlegel U (1994) Mechanical strength of repairs of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Br 76:371–380
Gerber C, Schneeberger AG, Perren SM, Nyffeler RW (1999) Experimental rotator cuff repair. A preliminary study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 81:1281–1290
Gerber C, Vinh TS, Hertel R, Hess CW (1988) Latissimus dorsi transfer for the treatment of massive tears of the rotator cuff. A preliminary report. Clin Orthop Relat Res 232:51–61
Gerber C, Wirth SH, Farshad M (2011) Treatment options for massive rotator cuff tears. J Should Elb Surg 20:S20–S29
Gervasi E, Causero A, Parodi PC et al (2007) Arthroscopic latissimus dorsi transfer. Arthroscopy 23:1243–1244
Goutallier D, De AL, Postel JM et al (2011) Is the trapezius transfer a useful treatment option for irreparable tears of the subscapularis? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 97:719–725
Goutallier D, Postel JM, Lavau L, Bernageau J (1999) Impact of fatty degeneration of the suparspinatus and infraspinatus muscles on the prognosis of surgical repair of the rotator cuff. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 85:668–676
Grasso A, Milano G, Salvatore M et al (2009) Single-row versus double-row arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a prospective randomized clinical study. Arthroscopy 25:4–12
Grondel RJ, Savoie FH III, Field LD (2001) Rotator cuff repairs in patients 62 years of age or older. J Should Elb Surg 10:97–99
Gulotta LV, Kovacevic D, Montgomery S et al (2010) Stem cells genetically modified with the developmental gene MT1-MMP improve regeneration of the supraspinatus tendon-to-bone insertion site. Am J Sports Med 38:1429–1437
Gulotta LV, Kovacevic D, Packer JD et al (2011) Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transduced with scleraxis improve rotator cuff healing in a rat model. Am J Sports Med 39:1282–1289
Harryman DT, Mack LA, Wang KY et al (1991) Repairs of the rotator cuff. Correlation of functional results with integrity of the cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Am 73:982–989
Haviv B, Dolev E, Haber M et al (2010) Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: clinical outcome of 607 patients. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 18:1707–1711
Hee CK, Dines JS, Dines DM et al (2011) Augmentation of a rotator cuff suture repair using rhPDGF-BB and a type I bovine collagen matrix in an ovine model. Am J Sports Med 39:1630–1639
Hegedus EJ, Cook C, Brennan M et al (2010) Vascularity and tendon pathology in the rotator cuff: a review of literature and implications for rehabilitation and surgery. Br J Sports Med 44:838–847
Iannotti JP, Codsi MJ, Kwon YW et al (2006) Porcine small intestine submucosa augmentation of surgical repair of chronic two-tendon rotator cuff tears. A randomized, controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 88:1238–1244
Ide J, Kikukawa K, Hirose J et al (2009) The effect of a local application of fibroblast growth factor-2 on tendon-to-bone remodeling in rats with acute injury and repair of the supraspinatus tendon. J Should Elb Surg 18:391–398
Ide J, Maeda S, Takagi K (2005) A comparison of arthroscopic and open rotator cuff repair. Arthroscopy 21:1090–1098
Jo CH, Kim JE, Yoon KS et al (2011) Does platelet-rich plasma accelerate recovery after rotator cuff repair? A prospective cohort study. Am J Sports Med 39:2082–2090
Kempf JF, Gleyze P, Bonnomet F et al (1999) A multicenter study of 210 rotator cuff tears treated by arthroscopic acromioplasty. Arthroscopy 15:56–66
Kim DH, Elattrache NS, Tibone JE et al (2006) Biomechanical comparison of a single-row versus double-row suture anchor technique for rotator cuff repair. Am J Sports Med 34:407–414
Kluger R, Bock P, Mittlbock M et al (2011) Long-term survivorship of rotator cuff repairs using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging analysis. Am J Sports Med 39:2071–2081
Koganti AK, Adamson GJ, Gregersen CS et al (2006) Biomechanical comparison of traditional and locked suture configurations for arthroscopic repairs of the rotator cuff. Am J Sports Med 34:1832–1838
Koh KH, Kang KC, Lim TK et al (2011) Prospective randomized clinical trial of single- versus double-row suture anchor repair in 2- to 4-cm rotator cuff tears: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging results. Arthroscopy 27:453–462
Kovacevic D, Fox AJ, Bedi A et al (2011) Calcium-phosphate matrix with or without TGF-beta3 improves tendon-bone healing after rotator cuff repair. Am J Sports Med 39:811–819
Lafosse L, Brozska R, Toussaint B, Gobezie R (2007) The outcome and structural integrity of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with use of the double-row suture anchor technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89:1533–1541
Lam F, Mok D (2004) Open repair of massive rotator cuff tears in patients aged sixty-five years or over: is it worthwhile? J Should Elb Surg 13:517–521
Lee BG, Cho NS, Rhee YG (2011) Results of arthroscopic decompression and tuberoplasty for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears. Arthroscopy 27:1341–1350
Levy O, Relwani J, Zaman T et al (2008) Measurement of blood flow in the rotator cuff using laser Doppler flowmetry. J Bone Joint Surg Br 90:893–898
Lo IK, Burkhart SS (2003) Double-row arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: re-establishing the footprint of the rotator cuff. Arthroscopy 19:1035–1042
Lorbach O, Anagnostakos K, Vees J et al (2010) Three-dimensional evaluation of the cyclic loading behavior of different rotator cuff reconstructions. Arthroscopy 26:S95–S105
Lorbach O, Bachelier F, Vees J et al (2008) Cyclic loading of rotator cuff reconstructions: single-row repair with modified suture configurations versus double-row repair. Am J Sports Med 36:1504–1510
Ma CB, Comerford L, Wilson J, Puttlitz CM (2006) Biomechanical evaluation of arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs: double-row compared with single-row fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 88:403–410
Ma HL, Chiang ER, Wu HT et al (2012) Clinical outcome and imaging of arthroscopic single-row and double-row rotator cuff repair: a prospective randomized trial. Arthroscopy 28:16–24
MacGillivray JD, Fealy S, Terry MA et al (2006) Biomechanical evaluation of a rotator cuff defect model augmented with a bioresorbable scaffold in goats. J Should Elb Surg 15:639–644
Mahar A, Tamborlane J, Oka R et al (2007) Single-row suture anchor repair of the rotator cuff is biomechanically equivalent to double-row repair in a bovine model. Arthroscopy 23:1265–1270
Mallon WJ, Misamore G, Snead DS, Denton P (2004) The impact of preoperative smoking habits on the results of rotator cuff repair. J Should Elb Surg 13:129–132
Marrero LG, Nelman KR, Nottage WM (2011) Long-term follow-up of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Arthroscopy 27:885–888
Mazzocca AD, McCarthy MB, Chowaniec D et al (2011) Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells obtained during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery show potential for tendon cell differentiation after treatment with insulin. Arthroscopy 27:1459–1471
Mazzocca AD, Millett PJ, Guanche CA et al (2005) Arthroscopic single-row versus double-row suture anchor rotator cuff repair. Am J Sports Med 33:1861–1868
McCarron JA, Milks RA, Chen X et al (2010) Improved time-zero biomechanical properties using poly-l-lactic acid graft augmentation in a cadaveric rotator cuff repair model. J Should Elb Surg 19:688–696
Meier SW, Meier JD (2006) The effect of double-row fixation on initial repair strength in rotator cuff repair: a biomechanical study. Arthroscopy 22:1168–1173
Mihata T, Watanabe C, Fukunishi K et al (2011) Functional and structural outcomes of single-row versus double-row versus combined double-row and suture-bridge repair for rotator cuff tears. Am J Sports Med 39:2091–2098
Miller BS, Downie BK, Kohen RB et al (2011) When do rotator cuff repairs fail? Serial ultrasound examination after arthroscopic repair of large and massive rotator cuff tears. Am J Sports Med 39:2064–2070
Moffat KL, Kwei AS, Spalazzi JP et al (2009) Novel nanofiber-based scaffold for rotator cuff repair and augmentation. Tissue Eng Part A 15:115–126
Park JY, Lhee SH, Choi JH et al (2008) Comparison of the clinical outcomes of single- and double-row repairs in rotator cuff tears. Am J Sports Med 36:1310–1316
Park MC, Cadet ER, Levine WN et al (2005) Tendon-to-bone pressure distributions at a repaired rotator cuff footprint using transosseous suture and suture anchor fixation techniques. Am J Sports Med 33:1154–1159
Park MC, Elattrache NS, Ahmad CS, Tibone JE (2006) “Transosseous-equivalent” rotator cuff repair technique. Arthroscopy 22:1360–1365
Patte D (1990) Classification of rotator cuff lesions. Clin Orthop Relat Res 254:81–86
Porcellini G, Castagna A, Cesari E et al (2011) Partial repair of irreparable supraspinatus tendon tears: clinical and radiographic evaluations at long-term follow-up. J Should Elb Surg 20:1170–1177
Randelli P, Arrigoni P, Ragone V et al (2011) Platelet rich plasma in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a prospective RCT study, 2-year follow-up. J Should Elb Surg 20:518–528
Rebuzzi E, Coletti N, Schiavetti S, Giusto F (2005) Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in patients older than 60 years. Arthroscopy 21:48–54
Resch H, Povacz P, Ritter E, Matschi W (2000) Transfer of the pectoralis major muscle for the treatment of irreparable rupture of the subscapularis tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am 82:372–382
Rockwood CA Jr, Williams GR Jr, Burkhead WZ Jr (1995) Debridement of degenerative, irreparable lesions of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Am 77:857–866
Santoni BG, McGilvray KC, Lyons AS et al (2010) Biomechanical analysis of an ovine rotator cuff repair via porous patch augmentation in a chronic rupture model. Am J Sports Med 38:679–686
Saridakis P, Jones G (2010) Outcomes of single-row and double-row arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92:732–742
Scheibel M, Brown A, Woertler K, Imhoff AB (2007) Preliminary results after rotator cuff reconstruction augmented with an autologous periosteal flap. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 15:305–314
Scheibel MT, Habermeyer P (2003) A modified Mason-Allen technique for rotator cuff repair using suture anchors. Arthroscopy 19:330–333
Schlegel TF, Hawkins RJ, Lewis CW et al (2006) The effects of augmentation with Swine small intestine submucosa on tendon healing under tension: histologic and mechanical evaluations in sheep. Am J Sports Med 34:275–280
Schneeberger AG, Schuler L, Rikli D, Thur C (2011) Rotator cuff tears treated with a modified deltoid flap repair technique. J Should Elb Surg. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2011.05.025
Schneeberger AG, von RA, Kalberer F et al (2002) Mechanical strength of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair techniques: an in vitro study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 84:2152–2160
Sclamberg SG, Tibone JE, Itamura JM, Kasraeian S (2004) Six-month magnetic resonance imaging follow-up of large and massive rotator cuff repairs reinforced with porcine small intestinal submucosa. J Should Elb Surg 13:538–541
Seeherman HJ, Archambault JM, Rodeo SA et al (2008) rhBMP-12 accelerates healing of rotator cuff repairs in a sheep model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90:2206–2219
Shea KP, O’Keefe RM Jr, Fulkerson JP (1992) Comparison of initial pull-out strength of arthroscopic suture and staple Bankart repair techniques. Arthroscopy 8:179–182
Slabaugh MA, Nho SJ, Grumet RC et al (2010) Does the literature confirm superior clinical results in radiographically healed rotator cuffs after rotator cuff repair? Arthroscopy 26:393–403
Smith CD, Alexander S, Hill AM et al (2006) A biomechanical comparison of single and double-row fixation in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am 88:2425–2431
Smith CK, Hull ML, Howell SM (2005) Migration of radio-opaque markers injected into tendon grafts: a study using roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA). J Biomech Eng 127:887–890
Sugaya H, Maeda K, Matsuki K, Moriishi J (2005) Functional and structural outcome after arthroscopic full-thickness rotator cuff repair: single-row versus dual-row fixation. Arthroscopy 21:1307–1316
Toussaint B, Schnaser E, Bosley J et al (2011) Early structural and functional outcomes for arthroscopic double-row transosseous-equivalent rotator cuff repair. Am J Sports Med 39:1217–1225
Uggen C, Dines J, McGarry M et al (2010) The effect of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor BB-coated sutures on rotator cuff healing in a sheep model. Arthroscopy 26:1456–1462
Voigt C, Bosse C, Vosshenrich R et al (2010) Arthroscopic supraspinatus tendon repair with suture-bridging technique: functional outcome and magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Sports Med 38:983–991
Walch G, Boulahia A, Calderone S, Robinson AH (1998) The ‘dropping’ and ‘hornblower’s’ signs in evaluation of rotator-cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg Br 80:624–628
Waltrip RL, Zheng N, Dugas JR, Andrews JR (2003) Rotator cuff repair. A biomechanical comparison of three techniques. Am J Sports Med 31:493–497
Wolf EM, Pennington WT, Agrawal V (2004) Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: 4- to 10-year results. Arthroscopy 20:5–12
Wong I, Burns J, Snyder S (2010) Arthroscopic GraftJacket repair of rotator cuff tears. J Should Elb Surg 19:104–109
Worland RL, Arredondo J, Angles F, Lopez-Jimenez F (1999) Repair of massive rotator cuff tears in patients older than 70 years. J Should Elb Surg 8:26–30
Xu H, Sandor M, Qi S et al (2011) Implantation of a porcine acellular dermal graft in a primate model of rotator cuff repair. J Should Elb Surg. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2011.03.014
Conflict of interest
No potential conflict of interest declared.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lorbach, O., Tompkins, M. Rotator cuff: biology and current arthroscopic techniques. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 20, 1003–1011 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-012-1901-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-012-1901-1