Introduction
Patients and methods
Patients
Patient | Gender | Age at LCSD (years) | Weight at LCSD | Diagnosis | Failed medications | Reason for LCSD | ICD (yes/no) | Follow-up (years) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | M | 12.4 | 47.9 | CPVT | Propranolol, metoprolol | Sustained VT, frequent ICD discharges and ICD storm | Yes, before LCSD | 3.9 |
2 | F | 42 | 73.0 | CPVT | Nadolol, verapamil | Multiple ICD discharges for VT, side effects of medication | Yes, before LCSD | 2.6 |
3 | M | 17.0 | 90.0 | CPVT | Metoprolol | Recurrent VT | Yes | 2.3 |
4 | M | 9.3 | 41.8 | CPVT | Metoprolol | Recurrent syncope | Yes | 0.9 |
5 | F | 12.2 | 40.8 | CPVT | Metoprolol | Recurrent syncope, aborted cardiac arrest | Yes, at time of LCSD | 0.45 |
6 | M | 15.9 | 46.0 | LQT 8 | Propranolol | Recurrent VT, syncope, side effects of medication | Yes, at time of LCSD | 1.2 |
7 | F | 16.3 | 58.0 | LQT 3 | Metoprolol | Recurrent syncope and seizures, side effects of medication | Yes, at time of LCSD | 4.3 |
8 | M | 4.1 | 16.1 | LQT 1 | Propranolol | Recurrent syncope, seizures | No | 1.2 |
9 | M | 3.9 | 15.5 | LQT 1 | Propranolol | Recurrent syncope | No | 0.7 |
10 | M | 5.9 | 18.6 | LQTS | Propranolol, esmolol, lidocaine | Aborted cardiac arrest | Yes, at time of LCSD | 0.6 |
Median | 15 | 57 | 2.3 | |||||
Mean | 14.02 | 45.7 | 1.8 | |||||
Range | 3.9–42 | 15.5–90 | 0.6–3.9 |
Technique of surgical LCSD
Statistical analysis
Results
Main findings
Perioperative course
Outcome of patients with CPVT
Outcome of patients with LQTS
Patient | Diagnosis | Change mean heart rate Holter (/min) | Change PR interval (ms) | QTc interval (ms) | Change systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | Heart rate variability SDNN pre (ms) | Heart rate variability SDNN post (ms) | Heart rate variability rMSDD pre (ms) | Heart rate variability rMSDD post (ms) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | |||||||||
1 | CPVT | – | −10 | 401 | 395 | +2 | Normala
| – | Normala
| – |
2 | CPVT | −1 | −10 | 417 | 412 | −2 | 82 | 48 | 62 | 35 |
3 | CPVT | +31 | −15 | 436 | 444 | +4 | 255 | – | 188 | – |
4 | CPVT | −7 | +10 | 370 | 388 | +1 | 258 | 240 | 175 | 171 |
5 | CPVT | +6 | +10 | 359 | 406 | 0 | 133 | 77 | 72 | 60 |
6 | LQT 8 | +6 | 0 | 535 | 510 | +3 | 207 | 173 | 141 | 70 |
7 | LQT 3 | – | 20 | 409 | 410 | +1 | 174 | Normala,b
| 92 | Normala,b
|
8 | LQT 1 | −4 | −10 | 516 | 516 | +2 | 108 | 82 | 36 | 43 |
9 | LQT 1 | +10 | 0 | 465 | 472 | +7 | 132 | 95 | 59 | 38 |
10 | LQTS | – | −7 | 474 | 459 | +4 | – | 40 | – | 13 |
Sympathetic activity
Discussion
Main findings
Surgical technique
Management approach in CPVT patients
Outlook
Limitations
Reference | Number of patients reported (N) | Gender (M) | Follow-up | Significant improvement of symptoms (N) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wilde et al. [18] | 3 | 2 | 30 months–20 years | 3 |
Atallah et al. [16] | 4 | 2 | 1 month–2 years | 3, 1 had no follow-up |
Scott et al. [45] | 1 | 0 | 4 years | 1, bilateral CSD |
Collura et al. [17] | 2 | 0 | 15 months | 2 |
Makanjee et al. [46] | 1 | 0 | 10 years | 1 |
Gopinathannair et al. [44] | 1 | 0 | 16 months | 1 |
Odero et al. [32] | 14, personal communication | No details provided | No details provided | 13 |
Moray et al. [43] | 1 | 1 | – | – |
Total number | 27 | 0.1–20 years | 24 |