Abstract
Logopenic progressive aphasia is the most recently described clinical variant of primary progressive aphasia (PPA), defined by impairment of lexical retrieval and sentence repetition. Unlike other PPA variants, the logopenic variant of PPA (lv-PPA) is commonly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a fact that is relevant to the selection of patients for clinical trials and disease-modifying therapies. Despite the straightforward definition and coherent pathological association, the existence of lv-PPA has been challenged, as its distinction from AD or other PPA variants can be difficult. Despite these issues, lv-PPA patients display characteristic linguistic deficits, a pattern of brain atrophy, and possibly genetic susceptibility, which warrant considering this variant as a discrete AD endophenotype. More specific clinical and anatomical markers can strengthen the consistency of this syndrome.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance
Gorno-Tempini ML, Dronkers NF, Rankin KP, Ogar JM, Phengrasamy L, Rosen HJ, et al. Cognition and anatomy in three variants of primary progressive aphasia. Ann Neurol. 2004;55:335–46.
Gorno-Tempini ML, Brambati SM, Ginex V, Ogar J, Dronkers NF, Marcone A, et al. The logopenic/phonological variant of primary progressive aphasia. Neurology. 2008;71:1227–34.
•• Gorno-Tempini ML, Hillis AE, Weintraub S, Kertesz A, Mendez M, Cappa SF, et al. Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants. Neurology. 2011;76:1006–14. This international consensus provides a common framework and operational definitions for each clinical variant of primary aphasia.
Knibb JA, Xuereb JH, Patterson K, Hodges JR. Clinical and pathological characterization of progressive aphasia. Ann Neurol. 2006;59:156–65.
Forman MS, Farmer J, Johnson JK, Clark CM, Arnold SE, Coslett HB, et al. Frontotemporal dementia: clinicopathological correlations. Ann Neurol. 2006;59:952–62.
• Sajjadi SA, Patterson K, Arnold RJ, Watson PC, Nestor PJ. Primary progressive aphasia: a tale of two syndromes and the rest. Neurology. 2012;78:1670–7. This report offers an alternative view to the current tripartite PPA classification and challenges the existence of lv-PPA as a discrete PPA variant.
Croot K, Ballard K, Leyton CE, Hodges JR. Apraxia of speech and phonological errors in the diagnosis of nonfluent/agrammatic and logopenic variants of primary progressive aphasia. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2012;55:S1562–72.
Mesulam MM, Wieneke C, Thompson C, Rogalski E, Weintraub S. Quantitative classification of primary progressive aphasia at early and mild impairment stages. Brain. 2012;135:1537–53.
Etcheverry L, Seidel B, Grande M, Schulte S, Pieperhoff P, Sudmeyer M, et al. The time course of neurolinguistic and neuropsychological symptoms in three cases of logopenic primary progressive aphasia. Neuropsychologia. 2012;50:1708–18.
• Leyton CE, Hsieh S, Mioshi E, Hodges JR. Cognitive decline in logopenic aphasia: more than losing words. Neurology. 2013;80:897–903. This longitudinal study demonstrates the rapid cognitive deterioration of lv-PPA and suggests that most lv-PPA patients become demented after the first year of follow-up.
Leyton CE, Villemagne VL, Savage S, Pike KE, Ballard KJ, Piguet O, et al. Subtypes of progressive aphasia: application of the international consensus criteria and validation using beta-amyloid imaging. Brain. 2011;134:3030–43.
• Wilson SM, Henry ML, Besbris M, Ogar JM, Dronkers NF, Jarrold W, et al. Connected speech production in three variants of primary progressive aphasia. Brain. 2010;133:2069–88. This was one of the first studies that offer a comprehensive description of linguistic findings and their neural correlates across PPA variants.
Rohrer JD, Ridgway GR, Crutch SJ, Hailstone J, Goll JC, Clarkson MJ, et al. Progressive logopenic/phonological aphasia: erosion of the language network. Neuroimage. 2009;49:984–93.
Magnin E, Chopard G, Ferreira S, Sylvestre G, Dariel E, Ryff I, et al. Initial neuropsychological profile of a series of 20 patients with logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;36:799–808.
Ash S, Evans E, O'Shea J, Powers J, Boller A, Weinberg D, et al. Differentiating primary progressive aphasias in a brief sample of connected speech. Neurology. 2013;81:329–36.
Savage S, Hsieh S, Leslie F, Foxe D, Piguet O, Hodges JR. Distinguishing subtypes in primary progressive aphasia: application of the Sydney language battery. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2013;35:208–18.
Leyton CE, Piguet O, Savage S, Burrell J, Hodges JR. The neural basis of logopenic progressive aphasia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;32:1051–9.
Brambati SM, Ogar J, Neuhaus J, Miller BL, Gorno-Tempini ML. Reading disorders in primary progressive aphasia: a behavioral and neuroimaging study. Neuropsychologia. 2009;47:1893–900.
Crutch SJ, Lehmann M, Warren JD, Rohrer JD. The language profile of posterior cortical atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013;84:460–6.
Magnin E, Sylvestre G, Lenoir F, Dariel E, Bonnet L, Chopard G, et al. Logopenic syndrome in posterior cortical atrophy. J Neurol. 2013;260:528–33.
Foxe DG, Irish M, Hodges JR, Piguet O. Verbal and visuospatial span in logopenic progressive aphasia and Alzheimer's disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2013;19:247–53.
• Lehmann M, Ghosh PM, Madison C, Laforce Jr R, Corbetta-Rastelli C, Weiner MW, et al. Diverging patterns of amyloid deposition and hypometabolism in clinical variants of probable Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 2013;136:844–58. This study, by means of a multimodal imaging analysis, demonstrates that atypical presentations of AD are associated with degeneration of specific functional networks.
Sapolsky D, Bakkour A, Negreira A, Nalipinski P, Weintraub S, Mesulam MM, et al. Cortical neuroanatomic correlates of symptom severity in primary progressive aphasia. Neurology. 2010;75:358–66.
Mesulam M, Wieneke C, Rogalski E, Cobia D, Thompson C, Weintraub S. Quantitative template for subtyping primary progressive aphasia. Arch Neurol. 2009;66:1545–51.
Josephs KA, Dickson DW, Murray ME, Senjem ML, Parisi JE, Petersen RC, et al. Quantitative neurofibrillary tangle density and brain volumetric MRI analyses in Alzheimer's disease presenting as logopenic progressive aphasia. Brain Lang. 2013. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2013.02.003.
Hsieh S, Hodges JR, Leyton CE, Mioshi E. Longitudinal changes in primary progressive aphasias: differences in cognitive and dementia staging measures. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2012;34:135–41.
Harasty JA, Halliday GM, Kril JJ, Code C. Specific temporoparietal gyral atrophy reflects the pattern of language dissolution in Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 1999;122(4):675–86.
Ahn HJ, Seo SW, Chin J, Suh MK, Lee BH, Kim ST, et al. The cortical neuroanatomy of neuropsychological deficits in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a surface-based morphometric analysis. Neuropsychologia. 2011;49:3931–45.
Teipel SJ, Willoch F, Ishii K, Burger K, Drzezga A, Engel R, et al. Resting state glucose utilization and the CERAD cognitive battery in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2006;27:681–90.
Apostolova LG, Lu P, Rogers S, Dutton RA, Hayashi KM, Toga AW, et al. 3D mapping of language networks in clinical and pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease. Brain Lang. 2008;104:33–41.
Croot K, Hodges JR, Xuereb J, Patterson K. Phonological and articulatory impairment in Alzheimer's disease: a case series. Brain Lang. 2000;75:277–309.
Becker JT, Huff FJ, Nebes RD, Holland A, Boller F. Neuropsychological function in Alzheimer's disease. Pattern of impairment and rates of progression. Arch Neurol. 1988;45:263–8.
Hodges JR, Salmon DP, Butters N. Semantic memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease: failure of access or degraded knowledge? Neuropsychologia. 1992;30:301–14.
Hodges JR, Patterson K. Is semantic memory consistently impaired early in the course of Alzheimer's disease? Neuroanatomical and diagnostic implications. Neuropsychologia. 1995;33:441–59.
Peters F, Collette F, Degueldre C, Sterpenich V, Majerus S, Salmon E. The neural correlates of verbal short-term memory in Alzheimer's disease: an fMRI study. Brain. 2009;132:1833–46.
Huntley JD, Howard RJ. Working memory in early Alzheimer's disease: a neuropsychological review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009;25:121–32.
Leff AP, Schofield TM, Crinion JT, Seghier ML, Grogan A, Green DW, et al. The left superior temporal gyrus is a shared substrate for auditory short-term memory and speech comprehension: evidence from 210 patients with stroke. Brain. 2009;132:3401–10.
Richardson FM, Ramsden S, Ellis C, Burnett S, Megnin O, Catmur C, et al. Auditory short-term memory capacity correlates with gray matter density in the left posterior STS in cognitively normal and dyslexic adults. J Cogn Neurosci. 2011;23:3746–56.
Acheson DJ, Hamidi M, Binder JR, Postle BR. A common neural substrate for language production and verbal working memory. J Cogn Neurosci. 2011;23:1358–67.
Baldo JV, Katseff S, Dronkers NF. Brain regions underlying repetition and auditory-verbal short-term memory deficits in aphasia: evidence from voxel-based lesion symptom mapping. Aphasiology. 2012;26:338–54.
Amici S, Ogar J, Brambati SM, Miller BL, Neuhaus J, Dronkers NL, et al. Performance in specific language tasks correlates with regional volume changes in progressive aphasia. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2007;20:203–11.
Page MPA, Madge A, Cumming N, Norris DG. Speech errors and the phonological similarity effect in short-term memory: evidence suggesting a common locus. J Mem Lang. 2007;56:49–64.
Corina DP, Loudermilk BC, Detwiler L, Martin RF, Brinkley JF, Ojemann G. Analysis of naming errors during cortical stimulation mapping: implications for models of language representation. Brain Lang. 2010;115:101–12.
Appell J, Kertesz A, Fisman M. A study of language functioning in Alzheimer patients. Brain Lang. 1982;17:73–91.
Cummings JL, Benson F, Hill MA, Read S. Aphasia in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurology. 1985;35:394–7.
Ahmed S, de Jager CA, Haigh AM, Garrard P. Logopenic aphasia in Alzheimer's disease: clinical variant or clinical feature? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012;83:1056–62.
Caffarra P, Gardini S, Cappa S, Dieci F, Concari L, Ghetti C, et al. Degenerative jargon aphasia: unusual progression of logopenic/phonological progressive aphasia? Behav Neurol. 2012;26:89–93.
Rohrer JD, Rossor MN, Warren JD. Neologistic jargon aphasia and agraphia in primary progressive aphasia. J Neurol Sci. 2009;277:155–9.
• Deramecourt V, Lebert F, Debachy B, Mackowiak-Cordoliani MA, Bombois S, Kerdraon O, et al. Prediction of pathology in primary progressive language and speech disorders. Neurology. 2010;74:42–9. This clincopathology series defines clinical subtypes of PPA associated with specific disorders.
Madhavan A, Whitwell JL, Weigand SD, Duffy JR, Strand EA, Machulda MM, et al. FDG PET and MRI in logopenic primary progressive aphasia versus dementia of the Alzheimer's type. PLoS One. 2013;8:e62471.
Johnson DY, Dunkelberger DL, Henry M, Haman A, Greicius MD, Wong K, et al. Sporadic Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease presenting as primary progressive aphasia. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70:254–7.
Martory MD, Roth S, Lovblad KO, Neumann M, Lobrinus JA, Assal F. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease revealed by a logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia. Eur Neurol. 2012;67:360–2.
Mesulam M, Wicklund A, Johnson N, Rogalski E, Leger GC, Rademaker A, et al. Alzheimer and frontotemporal pathology in subsets of primary progressive aphasia. Ann Neurol. 2008;63:709–19.
Rohrer JD, Rossor MN, Warren JD. Alzheimer's pathology in primary progressive aphasia. Neurobiol Aging. 2012;33:744–52.
Rabinovici GD, Jagust WJ, Furst AJ, Ogar JM, Racine CA, Mormino EC, et al. Aβ amyloid and glucose metabolism in three variants of primary progressive aphasia. Ann Neurol. 2008;64:388–401.
Gil-Navarro S, Llado A, Rami L, Castellvi M, Bosch B, Bargallo N, et al. Neuroimaging and biochemical markers in the three variants of primary progressive aphasia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2013;35:106–17.
Kas A, Uspenskaya O, Lamari F, de Souza LC, Habert MO, Dubois B, et al. Distinct brain perfusion pattern associated with CSF biomarkers profile in primary progressive aphasia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012;83:695–8.
• Gefen T, Gasho K, Rademaker A, Lalehzari M, Weintraub S, Rogalski E, et al. Clinically concordant variations of Alzheimer pathology in aphasic versus amnestic dementia. Brain. 2012;135:1554–65. This quantitative clinicopathology study demonstrates that lv-PPA patients have a cortical distribution of neurofibrillary changes that differs from that of typical AD cases.
Atchison TB, Bradshaw M, Massman PJ. Investigation of profile difference between Alzheimer's disease patients declining at different rates: examination of baseline neuropsychological data. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2004;19:1007–15.
Nagahama Y, Nabatame H, Okina T, Yamauchi H, Narita M, Fujimoto N, et al. Cerebral correlates of the progression rate of the cognitive decline in probable Alzheimer's disease. Eur Neurol. 2003;50:1–9.
Rogalski EJ, Rademaker A, Harrison TM, Helenowski I, Johnson N, Bigio E, et al. ApoE E4 is a susceptibility factor in amnestic but not aphasic dementias. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2011;25:159–63.
Wolk DA, Dickerson BC. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype has dissociable effects on memory and attentional-executive network function in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:10256–61.
Machulda MM, Whitwell JL, Duffy JR, Strand EA, Dean PM, Senjem ML, et al. Identification of an atypical variant of logopenic progressive aphasia. Brain Lang. 2013. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2013.02.007.
Migliaccio R, Agosta F, Rascovsky K, Karydas A, Bonasera S, Rabinovici GD, et al. Clinical syndromes associated with posterior atrophy: early age at onset AD spectrum. Neurology. 2009;73:1571–8.
Acknowledgment
John R. Hodges has received grant support from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.
Compliance with Ethics Guidelines
ᅟ
Conflict of Interest
Cristian E. Leytona declares that he has no conflict of interest.
John R. Hodges is a Senior Principal Research Fellow for Neuroscience Research Australia, and an ARC Federation Fellow and Professor of Cognitive Neurology at the University of New South Wales. He receives editor royalties and speaker royalties for Henry Stewart Talks.
Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent
This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Behavior
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Leyton, C.E., Hodges, J.R. Towards a Clearer Definition of Logopenic Progressive Aphasia. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 13, 396 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-013-0396-6
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-013-0396-6