Background
Methods
Study design and participants
Definitions of variables
Physical activity
Socioeconomic position (SEP)
Covariates
Statistical analysis
Workforce sample a
| Vigorous work activity | Total sample | Sports ≥ 2 hours/week | Sitting time weekdays | Energy expenditure b
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | % | n | % | % | mean hours | MET/24 hours | |
Total sample
| 3809 | 100 | 40 | 6800 | 100 | 19 | 6.9 | 49.2 |
Age group (years)
| ||||||||
17-39 | 1898 | 50 | 42 | 2713 | 42 | 24 | 6.7 | 50.8 |
40-59 | 1788 | 47 | 38 | 2563 | 39 | 17 | 6.9 | 49.7 |
60-79 | 123 | 3 | 33 | 1524 | 24 | 11 | 6.8 | 45.4 |
Sex
| ||||||||
men | 2109 | 55 | 43 | 3301 | 49 | 22 | 7.2 | 51.2 |
women | 1700 | 45 | 36 | 3499 | 51 | 15 | 6.7 | 47.3 |
Region in Germany
| ||||||||
former East | 1221 | 32 | 47 | 2312 | 34 | 13 | 6.8 | 50.1 |
former West | 2588 | 68 | 37 | 4488 | 66 | 21 | 7.0 | 48.7 |
Educational level
| ||||||||
primary | 1291 | 34 | 54 | 2929 | 43 | 14 | 6.5 | 49.4 |
secondary | 1851 | 49 | 40 | 2921 | 43 | 21 | 6.9 | 50.0 |
tertiary | 667 | 18 | 12 | 950 | 14 | 25 | 8.3 | 45.8 |
Occupational status
| ||||||||
low | 1362 | 36 | 61 | 2675 | 39 | 13 | 6.1 | 51.0 |
middle | 1387 | 36 | 29 | 2225 | 33 | 18 | 7.2 | 48.2 |
high | 875 | 23 | 24 | 1260 | 19 | 23 | 7.9 | 47.5 |
missing | 185 | 5 | 41 | 640 | 9 | 34 | 7.3 | 48.2 |
Income level
| ||||||||
low | 864 | 23 | 53 | 1819 | 27 | 15 | 6.4 | 50.5 |
middle | 1060 | 28 | 40 | 1856 | 27 | 19 | 6.8 | 49.7 |
high | 1296 | 34 | 27 | 1796 | 26 | 24 | 7.8 | 47.6 |
missing | 589 | 15 | 51 | 1329 | 20 | 16 | 6.6 | 48.8 |
Body mass index
| ||||||||
<25 | 1646 | 43 | 37 | 2705 | 40 | 24 | 6.9 | 49.0 |
25 - <30 | 1497 | 39 | 40 | 2648 | 39 | 18 | 6.9 | 49.7 |
≥30 | 654 | 17 | 46 | 1403 | 21 | 9 | 6.9 | 48.8 |
missing | 12 | <1 | 44 | <1 | ||||
Self-perceived health
| ||||||||
excell./very good | 936 | 25 | 33 | 1347 | 20 | 32 | 7.1 | 49.9 |
good | 2440 | 64 | 41 | 4258 | 63 | 16 | 6.8 | 49.5 |
fair/poor | 431 | 11 | 52 | 1192 | 17 | 11 | 7.1 | 47.0 |
missing | 2 | <1 | 3 | <1 |
Results
Participants
No. in samplea
| Vigorous work activity | No. in sampleb
| Sports ≥ 2 hours/week | Sitting time ≥ 8 hours/weekday | High energy expenditurec
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | |||
Total
| 3809 | 6800 | ||||
Education
| ||||||
primary | 1291 | 8.6 (6.6-11.2) | 2929 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.9 (1.6-2.3) |
secondary | 1851 | 4.8 (3.7- 6.3) | 2921 | 1.6 (1.4-1.8) | 1.3 (1.2-1.5) | 2.0 (1.7-2.4) |
tertiary | 667 | 1.0 | 950 | 2.0 (1.6-2.4) | 2.8 (2.3-3.3) | 1.0 |
Covariates
| ||||||
Occupation
| ||||||
low | 1362 | 5.0 (4.1-6.1) | 2675 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.7 (1.4-1.9) |
middle | 1387 | 1.3 (1.1-1.6) | 2225 | 1.5 (1.3-1.7) | 2.0 (1.8-2.4) | 1.0 (0.9-2.0) |
high | 875 | 1.0 | 1260 | 2.0 (1.7-2.3) | 2.6 (2.2-3.1) | 1.0 |
Income
| ||||||
low | 864 | 3.1 (2.5-3.7) | 1819 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.7 (1.4-1.9) |
middle | 1060 | 1.8 (1.5-2.2) | 1856 | 1.3 (1.1-1.6) | 1.3 (1.1-1.5) | 1.5 (1.3-1.7) |
high | 1296 | 1.0 | 1796 | 1.8 (1.6-2.1) | 2.1 (1.8-2.5) | 1.0 |
Vigorous work activity
| ||||||
yes | 1522 | - | 1557 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 6.5 (5.6-7.4) |
no | 2287 | - | 2319 | 1.6 (1.3-1.8) | 4.5 (3.8-5.4) | 1.0 |
Sports activity ≥ 2 hours/week
| ||||||
yes | 778 | 1.0 | 1258 | - | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) | 1.5 (1.3-1.7) |
no | 3031 | 1.6 (1.3-1.8) | 5542 | - | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Sitting time weekdays
| ||||||
≥ 8 hours | 1564 | 1.0 | 1735 | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | - | 1.0 |
5 - < 8 hours | 911 | 2.2 (1.8-2.7) | 1929 | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | - | 6.4 (5.3-7.8) |
< 5 hours | 1334 | 6.8 (5.7-8.2) | 2136 | 1.0 | - | 37 (31–46) |
Body mass index
| ||||||
<25 | 1646 | 1.0 | 2705 | 3.2 (2.6-3.9) | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) | 1.0 |
25 - <30 | 1497 | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) | 2648 | 2.6 (1.8-2.8) | 1.1 (0.9-1.2) | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) |
≥30 | 654 | 1.4 (1.2-1.7) | 1403 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 (0.8-1.1) |
Self-perceived health
| ||||||
excell./very good | 936 | 1.0 | 1347 | 4.0 (3.2-5.0) | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) | 1.6 (1.3-1.9) |
good | 2440 | 1.4 (1.2-1.7) | 4258 | 1.6 (1.3-2.0) | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 1.5 (1.3-1.7) |
fair/poor | 431 | 2.3 (1.8-2.9) | 1192 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Multivariate analyses
Vigorous work activity
Vigorous work activity | Sitting time ≥ 8 hours/weekday | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1a
| Final Model b
| Model 1a
| Final Model c
| |
OR 95%CI | OR 95%CI | OR 95%CI | OR 95%CI | |
Men (n=2109)
| ||||
Education
| ||||
primary | 18.6 (12.0-27.3) | 5.5 (3.5-8.6) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
secondary | 6.9 (4.6-10.3) | 3.4 (2.2-5.3) | 2.1 (1.7-2.7) | 1.5 (1.2-1.9) |
tertiary | 1.0 | 1.0 | 6.2 (4.7-8.3) | 3.2 (2.4-4.3) |
Occupation
| ||||
low | 2.1 (1.5-3.1) | 1.0 | ||
middle | 1.0 (0.7-1.3) | 2.3 (1.8-3.1) | ||
high | 1.0 | 2.4 (1.9-3.1) | ||
Income
| ||||
low | 1.3 (0.9-1.8) | 1.0 | ||
middle | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | 1.7 (1.3-2.4) | ||
high | 1.0 | 2.0 (1.5-2.7) | ||
Women (n=1700)
| ||||
Education
| ||||
primary | 5.8 (4.0-8.5) | 2.8 (1.8-4.4) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
secondary | 2.8 (2.0-4.0) | 1.9 (1.3-2.8) | 1.6 (1.2-2.2) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) |
tertiary | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.7 (1.9-3.8) | 1.5 (1.0-2.3) |
Occupation
| ||||
low | 1.6 (1.1-2.5) | 1.0 | ||
middle | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | 2.9 (2.2-3.8) | ||
high | 1.0 | 1.8 (1.2-2.6) | ||
Income
| ||||
low | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) | 1.0 | ||
middle | 1.0 (0.7-1.3) | 1.3 (0.9-1.7) | ||
high | 1.0 | 2.1 (1.6-2.8) |
Sitting time ≥ 8 hours per weekday
Sports activity ≥ 2 hours per week
Sports ≥ 2 hours per week | High energy expenditure | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1a
| Final Model b
| Model 1a
| Final Model c
| |
OR 95%CI | OR 95%CI | OR 95%CI | OR 95%CI | |
Men (n=3301)
| ||||
Education
| ||||
primary | 1.0 | 1.0 | 4.3 (3.3-5.6) | 1.5 (0.9-2.3) |
secondary | 1.6 (1.3-2.0) | 1.1 (0.9-1.5) | 2.9 (2.2-3.8) | 1.3 (0.9-2.0) |
tertiary | 2.1 (1.7-2.7) | 1.2 (0.8-1.8) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Occupation
| ||||
low | 1.0 | 1.5 (1.0-2.1) | ||
middle | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 1.5 (1.1-2.2) | ||
high | 0.8 (0.6-1.2) | 1.0 | ||
Income
| ||||
low | 1.0 | 1.2 (0.9-1.7) | ||
middle | 1.6 (1.1-2.2) | 1.2 (0.9-1.7) | ||
high | 1.9 (1.4-2.6) | 1.0 | ||
Women (n=3499)
| ||||
Education
| ||||
primary | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.6 (1.2-2.1) | 1.2 (0.7-2.0) |
secondary | 1.3 (1.1-1.6) | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | 1.6 (1.2-2.0) | 1.2 (0.8-1.8) |
tertiary | 1.7 (1.2-2.4) | 0.9 (0.5-1.5) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Occupation
| ||||
low | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.4-1.0) | ||
middle | 1.2 (0.9-1.8) | 0.8 (0.5-1.1) | ||
high | 1.8 (1.1-2.8) | 1.0 | ||
Income
| ||||
low | 1.0 | 1.5 (0.9-2.3) | ||
middle | 0.8 (0.6-1.2) | 1.2 (0.8-1.8) | ||
high | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) | 1.0 |
High total energy expenditure
Subgroup analyses
No. in sample | Sports activity ≥ 2 hours/week | Sitting time ≥ 8 hours/weekday | High total energy expenditure a
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | ||
Total
| 6800 | |||
18-59 years of age
| 5276 | |||
Primary education | 1824 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Secondary education | 2654 | 1.3 (1.1-1.5) | 1.6 (1.4-1.9) | 0.7 (0.6-0.9) |
Tertiary education | 798 | 1.7 (1.3-2.1) | 3.7 (3.0-4.5) | 0.3 (0.3-0.4) |
60-79 years of age
| 1524 | |||
Primary education | 1105 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Secondary education | 267 | 2.2 (1.5-3.3) | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) | 1.6 (1.1-2.2) |
Tertiary education | 152 | 2.6 (1.7-4.0) | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) |