Background
Methods
Study design and population
Human subject protection and data collection procedures
Measures
Statistical analysis
Results
Description of the participants
Variables | n | % | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Individual characteristics
| ||||
Grader | ||||
Junior high school | 1038 | 64.1 | ||
High school | 582 | 35.9 | ||
Age | 14.99 | 2.03 | ||
Gender | ||||
Boy | 758 | 47.1 | ||
Girl | 850 | 52.9 | ||
Perceived health status | ||||
Better | 318 | 19.8 | ||
Average | 1086 | 67.6 | ||
Worse | 203 | 12.6 | ||
BMI | 21.22 | 4.26 | ||
Overweight a
| 464 | 28.8 | ||
Non-overweight | 1145 | 71.2 | ||
Family characteristics
| ||||
Parents availability | ||||
Living with parents | 1369 | 85.1 | ||
Living without parents | 240 | 14.9 | ||
Father's education levels | ||||
High school and less | ||||
College and above | 1243 | 77.3 | ||
Mother's education levels | 364 | 22.7 | ||
High school and less | 1369 | 85.3 | ||
College and above | 235 | 14.7 | ||
Health promoting behaviors (HPB)
| ||||
Breakfast eating pattern | ||||
Regular breakfast eating (RBE) | 1229 | 76.4 | ||
Irregular breakfast eating (IRBE) | 380 | 23.6 | ||
Nutrition | 20.93 | 3.95 | ||
Social support | 25.32 | 4.98 | ||
Health responsibility | 24.70 | 5.71 | ||
Life appreciation | 28.47 | 6.04 | ||
Exercise behavior | 14.85 | 4.01 | ||
Stress management | 20.91 | 4.32 | ||
Total HPB score | 135.20 | 21.88 |
Relationships between IRBE and being overweight
Model 1 (n = 1609) | Model 2 (n =1590) | Model 3 (n = 1582) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent variables | Ba
| OR | 95% CI | Ba
| OR | 95% CI | Ba
| OR | 95% CI |
IRBE (1 = IRBE) | 0.50 *** | 1.66 | 1.30-2.11 | 0.55 *** | 1.74 | 1.30-2.33 | 0.42 *** | 1.51 | 1.12-2.04 |
Health promotion behavior | |||||||||
Nutrition | -0.05 ** | 0.95 | 0.91-0.99 | 0.03 | 1.03 | 0.99-1.07 | |||
Social support | 0.03 | 1.03 | 0.99-1.06 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.97-1.04 | |||
Health responsibility | 0.04 ** | 1.04 | 1.01-1.06 | -0.02 | 0.98 | 0.96-1.01 | |||
Life appreciation | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.98-1.03 | -0.01 | 1.00 | 0.97-1.03 | |||
Exercise behavior | 0.01 | 1.01 | 0.97-1.04 | -0.04 * | 0.96 | 0.92-0.99 | |||
Stress management | 0.02 | 1.02 | 0.98-1.05 | -0.04 | 0.96 | 0.93-1.00 | |||
Control variables | b |
Relationships between IRBE and HPB
Dependent variables | Model 1 | Model 2 (model 1 + Covariates)b
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ba
| SE | Ba
| SE | |||
Nutrition | -4.51 | *** | 0.10 | -4.54 | *** | 0.20 |
Social support | -2.46 | *** | 0.29 | -2.21 | *** | 0.28 |
Health responsibility | -2.34 | *** | 3.30 | -2.23 | *** | 0.33 |
Life appreciation | -2.81 | *** | 0.35 | -2.62 | *** | 0.34 |
Exercise behavior | -0.91 | *** | 0.24 | -1.01 | *** | 0.22 |
Stress management | -2.14 | *** | 0.25 | -2.20 | *** | 0.24 |
The profile of the high-risk group for IRBE
Independent variables | Model 1 (n = 1606) | Model 2 (n = 1601) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ba
| OR | 95% CI | Ba
| OR | 95% CI | |
Parents availability (1 = living with parents) | -0.45 ** | 0.64 | 0.47-0.86 | |||
Parent's education | ||||||
Father's education years (1 = college and above level) | -0.02 | 0.98 | 0.71-1.36 | |||
Mother's education years (1 = college and above level) | 0.02 | 1.02 | 0.69-1.51 | |||
Individual characteristics | ||||||
Gender (1 = male) | 0.15 | 1.16 | 0.88-1.53 | 0.15 | 1.16 | 0.88-1.54 |
Perceived health status | -0.11 | 0.90 | 0.73-1.11 | -0.10 | 0.90 | 0.73-1.11 |
School level (1 = high school) | -0.38 * | 0.68 | 0.49-0.96 | -0.38 * | 0.69 | 0.49-0.97 |
Gender × school level | -0.03 | 0.98 | 0.59-1.61 | -0.01 | 0.99 | 0.60-1.64 |