Background
Methods
Study design, study population and sample size
Data collection procedures
Variables
Conditions needing urgent assessment at a higher-level health facility
Intimate Partner Violence
Socio-demographic and psychosocial variables
Statistical analysis
Ethical considerations
Results
Socio-demographic and psychosocial characteristics
Variables | Frequency | Percent |
---|---|---|
Province (n = 312) | ||
Kigali | 113 | 36.2 |
Northern province | 199 | 63.8 |
Sex (n = 311) | ||
Female | 245 | 78.8 |
Male | 66 | 21.2 |
Age group (n = 308) | ||
20–30 | 90 | 29.2 |
31–41 | 168 | 54.5 |
≥ 42 | 50 | 16.2 |
Health care providers’ highest attained education level (n = 303) | ||
A3/A2 nurses | 210 | 69.3 |
A1/A0 nurses | 69 | 22.8 |
A1/A0 midwives | 24 | 7.9 |
Years of work experience (n = 309) | ||
< 1 year | 24 | 7.9 |
1–3 years | 75 | 24.2 |
4–6 years | 59 | 19.0 |
> 6 years | 151 | 48.9 |
In-service training sessions in ANCa services in the past 2 years (n = 310) | ||
No | 280 | 90.0 |
Yes | 30 | 10.0 |
Last time received training in ANC (n = 311) | ||
Never received training in ANC | 172 | 55.5 |
Do not remember | 12 | 3.8 |
≤ 1 year ago | 17 | 5.8 |
2-5 years ago | 82 | 26.6 |
> 5 years ago | 28 | 8.9 |
Feedback on your work performance from your superior or colleagues (n = 312) | ||
No | 19 | 6.1 |
Yes | 293 | 93.9 |
Number of feedbacks during the past year (n = 292) | ||
1 | 39 | 13.4 |
2 | 23 | 7.9 |
3 | 45 | 15.4 |
≥ 4 | 185 | 63.4 |
Did you contact the CHWb in the village to ask her to send a woman to ANC clinic (n = 310) | ||
No | 45 | 14.5 |
Yes | 265 | 85.5 |
Average duration of ANC consultation (minutes) (n = 309) | ||
≤ 15 | 79 | 25.3 |
≥ 16 | 230 | 73.7 |
Advice and information given to pregnant women attending ANC clinics
Total N = 303, | Nurse A2 n = 210, | Nurse A1 + A0 n = 69, | Midwives n = 24, | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Advice and information | n (%) | n (%) with in group | n (%) with in group | n (%) with in group |
Diet and nutrition | ||||
No | 15 (5.0) | 12 (5.7) | 2 (2.9) | 1 (4.2) |
Yes | 287 (95.0) | 197 (94.3) | 67 (97.1) | 23 (95.8) |
Discuss the place of delivery | ||||
No | 102 (33.8) | 73 (34.9) | 22 (31.9) | 7 (29.2) |
Yes | 200 (66.2) | 136 (65.1) | 47 (68.1) | 17 (70.8) |
Discuss what to do if a severe problem arises | ||||
No | 63 (20.9) | 50 (23.9) | 10 (14.5) | 3 (12.5) |
Yes | 239 (79.1) | 159 (76.1) | 59 (85.5) | 21 (87.5) |
Discuss child spacing or family planning (contraceptives) | ||||
No | 92 (30.5) | 72 (34.4) | 15 (21.7) | 5 (20.8) |
Yes | 210 (69.5) | 137 (65.6) | 54 (78.3) | 19 (79.2) |
Discuss sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS | ||||
No | 67 (22.2) | 45 (21.5) | 17 (24.6) | 5 (20.8) |
Yes | 235 (77.8) | 164 (78.5) | 52 (75.4) | 19 (79.2) |
Give advice and information on how to take care of the newborn | ||||
No | 133 (44.0) | 95 (45.5) | 28 (40.6) | 10 (41.7) |
Yes | 169 (56.0) | 114 (54.5) | 41 (59.4) | 14 (58.3) |
Give advice on exposure to violence during or before pregnancy | ||||
No | 280 (92.7) | 191 (91.4) | 65 (94.2) | 24 (100.0) |
Yes | 22 (7.3) | 18 (8.6) | 4 (5.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Violence during pregnancy | Frequency | Percent |
---|---|---|
Ever encountered a pregnant woman in the clinic exposed to IPV | ||
No | 202 | 65.6 |
Yes | 105 | 34.4 |
Ever encountered a woman in ANC exposed to violence from any family member or a friend | ||
No | 236 | 76.4 |
Yes | 73 | 23.6 |
Ever been trained in how to take care of a pregnant woman who has been exposed to violence | ||
No | 267 | 85.9 |
Yes | 44 | 14.1 |
What would you do if a pregnant woman tells you that she is exposed to violence? | ||
Talk to her and let her tell her story | ||
No | 8 | 2.6 |
Yes | 303 | 97.4 |
Ask her to come back within 1–2 weeks | ||
No | 298 | 95.8 |
Yes | 13 | 4.2 |
Refer her to a district hospital | ||
No | 197 | 63.3 |
Yes | 114 | 36.7 |
Advise her to seek care at a shelter (One-stop clinic) | ||
No | 268 | 86.2 |
Yes | 43 | 13.8 |
Suggest that she brings her husband/partner to the next visit | ||
No | 252 | 81.0 |
Yes | 59 | 19.0 |
Conditions needing urgent assessment at a higher-level health facility and associated factors
Provision of essential elements of ANC
Test or prescription | Frequency | Percent |
---|---|---|
Haemoglobinb | ||
3rd visit | ||
No | 167 | 71.7 |
Yes | 66 | 28.3 |
4th visit | ||
No | 198 | 85.0 |
Yes | 35 | 15.0 |
Syphilis test | ||
No | 34 | 15.0 |
Yes | 199 | 85.0 |
Iron supplementation | ||
No | 5 | 2.1 |
Yes | 228 | 97.9 |
Malaria prophylaxis (insecticide-treated mosquito net) | ||
No | 160 | 69.0 |
Yes | 73 | 31.0 |
Tetanus Immunization | ||
No | 28 | 12.1 |
Yes | 205 | 87.9 |
Anthelmintic prophylaxis | ||
No | 30 | 13.0 |
Yes | 203 | 87.0 |
HIV test | ||
No | 10 | 4.3 |
Yes | 223 | 95.7 |
Proteinuria™ | ||
3rd visit | ||
No | 151 | 64.8 |
Yes | 82 | 35.2 |
4th visit | ||
No | 194 | 83.3 |
Yes | 39 | 16.7 |