Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Critical Care
Erschienen in: Critical Care 5/2006

01.10.2006 | Review

Bench-to-bedside review: Endotoxin tolerance as a model of leukocyte reprogramming in sepsis

verfasst von: Jean-Marc Cavaillon, Minou Adib-Conquy

Erschienen in: Critical Care | Ausgabe 5/2006

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Endotoxin tolerance is defined as a reduced responsiveness to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge following a first encounter with endotoxin. Endotoxin tolerance protects against a lethal challenge of LPS and prevents infection and ischemia-reperfusion damage. Endotoxin tolerance is paralleled by a dramatic reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production and some other cytokines in response to LPS. Endotoxin tolerance involves the participation of macrophages and mediators, such as glucocorticoids, prostaglandins, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β. Endotoxin tolerance is accompanied by the up-regulation of inhibitory molecules that down-regulate the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4-dependent signaling pathway. Cross-tolerance between LPS and other TLR specific ligands, as well as IL-1 and TNF, has been regularly reported. A similar loss of LPS reactivity has been repeatedly reported in circulating leukocytes of septic patients and in patients with non-infectious systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS). Studies on cellular signaling within leukocytes from septic and SIRS patients reveal numerous alterations reminiscent of those observed in endotoxin tolerant cells. However, altered responsiveness to LPS of leukocytes from sepsis and SIRS patients is not synonymous with a global down-regulation of cellular reactivity. The term 'cellular reprogramming', which has been proposed to qualify the process of endotoxin tolerance, defines well the immune status of circulating leukocytes in septic and SIRS patients.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Beeson PB: Development of tolerance to typhoid bacterial pyrogen and its abolition by reticulo-endothelial blockade. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1946, 61: 248-250.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Freeman HH: Passive transfer of tolerance to pyrogenicity of bacterial endotoxin. J Exp Med 1960, 111: 453-463. 10.1084/jem.111.4.453CrossRef
3.
Greisman SE, Hornick RB, Wagner HN Jr, Woodward WE, Woodward TE: The role of endotoxin during typhoid fever and tularemia in man. J Clin Invest 1969, 48: 613-629.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
4.
Rubenstein M, Mulholland JH, Jeffery GM, Wolf SM: Malaria induced endotoxin tolerance. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1965, 118: 283-287.CrossRefPubMed
5.
6.
Neva FA, Morgan HR: Tolerance to the action of endotoxin of enteric bacilli in patients convalescent from typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. J Lab Clin Med 1950, 35: 911-922.PubMed
7.
Heyman A, Beeson PB: Influence of various disease states upon the febrile response to intravenous injection of typhoid bacterial pyrogen. J Lab Clin Med 1949, 34: 1400-1403.PubMed
8.
Watson DW, Kim YB: Modification of host responses to bacterial endotoxins. I specificity of pyrogenic tolerance and the role of hypersensitivity in pyrogenicity, lethality and skin reactivity. J Exp Med 1963, 118: 425-446. 10.1084/jem.118.3.425PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
9.
Freudenberg MA, Galanos C: Induction of tolerance to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-D-galactosamine lethality by pre-treatment with LPS is mediated by macrophages. Infect Immun 1988, 56: 1352-1357.PubMedCentralPubMed
10.
Mathison JC, Virca GD, Wolfson E, Tobias PS, Glaser K, Ulevitch RJ: Adaptation to bacterial lipopolysaccharide controls lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor production in rabbit macrophages. J Clin Invest 1990, 85: 1108-1118.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
11.
Rayhane N, Fitting C, Cavaillon J-M: Dissociation of INFg from IL-12 and IL-8 during endotoxin tolerance. J Endotoxin Res 1999, 5: 319-324. 10.1179/096805199101531895
12.
Astiz ME, Rackow EC, Still JG, Howell ST, Cato A, Von Eschen KB, Ulrich JT, Rudbach JA, McMahon G, Vargas R, et al.: Pre-treatment of normal humans with monophosphoryl lipid A induces tolerance to endotoxin: a prospective double blind, randomized, controlled trial. Crit Care Med 1995, 23: 9-17. 10.1097/00003246-199501000-00006CrossRefPubMed
13.
Cavaillon JM, Pitton C, Fitting C: Endotoxin tolerance is not a LPS-specific phenomenon: partial mimicry with IL-1, IL-10 and TGFb. J Endotoxin Res 1994, 1: 21-29.
14.
Randow F, Syrbe U, Meisel C, Krausch D, Zuckermann H, Platzer C, Volk H: Mechanism of endotoxin desensitization: involvement of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-b. J Exp Med 1995, 181: 1887-1892. 10.1084/jem.181.5.1887CrossRefPubMed
15.
Berg D, Kühn R, Rajewsky K, Müller W, Menon S, Davidson N, Grünig G, Rennick D: Interleukin-10 is a central regulator of the response to LPS in murine models of endotoxin shock and the Shwartzman reaction but not endotoxin tolerance. J Clin Invest 1995, 96: 2339-2347.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
16.
He W, Fong Y, Marano MA, Gershenwald JE, Yurt RW, Moldawer LL, Lowry SF: Tolerance to endotoxin prevents mortality in infected thermal injury: association with attenuated cytokine responses. J Infect Dis 1992, 165: 859-864.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Colletti LM, Remick DG, Campbell DA: LPS pretreatment protects from hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. J Surg Res 1994, 57: 337-343. 10.1006/jsre.1994.1152CrossRefPubMed
18.
Heemann U, Szabo A, Hamar P, Müller V, Witzke O, Lutz J, Philipp T: Lipopolysaccharide pretreatment protects from renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Possible connection to an interleukin-6 dependent pathway. Am J Pathol 2000, 156: 287-293.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
19.
Eising GP, Mao L, Schmid-Schonbein GW, Engler RL, Ross J: Effects of induced tolerance to bacterial lipopolysaccharide on myocardial infarct size in rats. Cardiovasc Res 1996, 31: 73-81. 10.1016/0008-6363(95)00173-5CrossRefPubMed
20.
Ackerman M, Reuter M, Flohé S, Bahrami S, Redl H, Schade FU: Cytokine synthesis in the liver of endotoxin-tolerant and normal rats during hemorrhagic shock. J Endotoxin Res 2001, 7: 105-112. 10.1179/096805101101532602CrossRef
21.
Youngner JS, Stinebring WR: Interferon appearance stimulated by endotoxin bacteria or viruses in mice pre-treated with Escherichia coli endotoxin or infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Nature 1965, 208: 456-458. 10.1038/208456a0CrossRefPubMed
22.
Severn A, Xu D, Doyle J, Leal LM, O'Donnell CA, Brett SJ, Moss DW, Liew FY: Pre-exposure of murine macrophages to lipopolysaccharide inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase and reduces leishmanicidal activity. Eur J Immunol 1993, 23: 1711-1714.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Mason CM, Dobard E, Summer WR, Nelson S: Intraportal lipopolysaccharide suppresses pulmonary antibacterial defense mechanisms. J Infec Dis 1997, 176: 1293-1302.CrossRef
24.
Rayhane N, Fitting C, Lortholary O, Dromer F, Cavaillon J-M: Administration of endotoxin associated with lipopolysaccharide tolerance protects mice against fungal infection. Infect Immun 2000, 68: 3748-3753. 10.1128/IAI.68.6.3748-3753.2000PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
25.
Lehner MD, Ittner J, Bundschuh DS, N vR, Wendel A, Hartung T: Improved innate immunity of endotoxin-tolerant mice increases resistance to Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection despite attenuated cytokine response. Infect Immun 2001, 69: 463-471. 10.1128/IAI.69.1.463-471.2001PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
26.
Muñoz C, Carlet J, Fitting C, Misset B, Bleriot JP, Cavaillon JM: Dysregulation of in vitro cytokine production by monocytes during sepsis. J Clin Invest 1991, 88: 1747-1754.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
27.
Granowitz EV, Porat R, Mier JW, Orencole SF, Kaplanski G, Lynch EA, Ye K, Vannier E, Wolff SM, Dinarello CA: Intravenous endotoxin suppresses the cytokine response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy humans. J Immunol 1993, 151: 1637-1645.PubMed
28.
Cabié A, Fitting C, Farkas J-C, Laurian C, Cormier J-M, Carlet J, Cavaillon J-M: Influence of surgery on in-vitro cytokine production by human monocytes. Cytokine 1992, 4: 576-580. 10.1016/1043-4666(92)90022-JCrossRefPubMed
29.
Adib-Conquy M, Moine P, Asehnoune K, Edouard A, Espevik T, Miyake K, Werts C, Cavaillon J-M: Toll-like receptor-mediated tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-10 production differ during systemic inflammation. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2003, 168: 158-164. 10.1164/rccm.200209-1077OCCrossRefPubMed
30.
Van Deuren M, Van Der Ven-Jongekrijg H, Demacker PNM, Baterlink AKN, Van Dalen R, Sauerwein RW, Gallati H, Vannice J, van Der Meer JWM: Differential expression of proinflammatory cytokines and their inhibitors during the course of meningococcal infections. J Infect Dis 1994, 169: 157-161.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Marie C, Muret J, Fitting C, Payen D, Cavaillon J-M: IL-1 receptor antagonist production during infectious and noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Crit Care Med 2000, 28: 2277-2283. 10.1097/00003246-200007000-00016CrossRefPubMed
32.
Cavaillon J-M: "Septic Plasma": an immunosuppressive milieu. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002, 166: 1417-1418. 10.1164/rccm.2209003CrossRefPubMed
33.
Cavaillon J-M, Adib-Conquy M, Cloëz-Tayarani I, Fitting C: Immunodepression in sepsis and SIRS assessed by ex vivo cytokine production is not a generalized phenomenon: a review. J Endotoxin Res 2001, 7: 85-93. 10.1179/096805101101532576PubMed
34.
Haupt W, Zirngibl H, Riese J, Stehr A, Linde HJ, Hohenberger W: Depression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 production: a reaction to the initial systemic hyperactivation in septic shock. J Invest Surg 1997, 10: 349-355.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Adib-Conquy M, Adrie C, Fitting C, Gattoliat O, Beyaert R, Cavaillon JM: Up-regulation of MyD88s and SIGIRR, molecules inhibiting Toll-like receptor signaling, in monocytes from septic patients. Crit Care Med 2006, 34: 2377-2385. 10.1097/01.CCM.0000233875.93866.88CrossRefPubMed
36.
Muñoz C, Misset B, Fitting C, Bleriot JP, Carlet J, Cavaillon J-M: Dissociation between plasma and monocyte-associated cytokines during sepsis. Eur J Immunol 1991, 21: 2177-2184.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Weiss M, Fischer G, Barth E, Boneberg E, Schneider EM, Georgieff M, Hartung T: Dissociation of LPS-induced monocytic ex vivo production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and TNF-alpha in patients with septic shock. Cytokine 2001, 13: 51-54. 10.1006/cyto.2000.0796CrossRefPubMed
38.
Maxime V, Fitting C, Annane D, Cavaillon J-M: Corticoids normalize leukocyte production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in septic shock. J Infect Dis 2005, 191: 138-144. 10.1086/426401CrossRefPubMed
39.
Hensler T, Hecker H, Heeg K, Heidecke CD, Bartels H, Barthlen W, Wagner H, Siewert JR, Holzmann B: Distinct mechanism of immunosuppression as a consequence of major surgery. Infect Immun 1997, 65: 2283-2291.PubMedCentralPubMed
40.
Adrie C, Adib-Conquy M, Laurent I, Monchi M, Vinsonneau C, Fitting C, Fraisse F, Dinh-Xuan AT, Carli P, Spaulding C, et al.: Successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest as a "sepsis like" syndrome. Circulation 2002, 106: 562-568. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000023891.80661.ADCrossRefPubMed
41.
Rigato O, Salomao R: Impaired production of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha but not of interleukin 10 in whole blood of patients with sepsis. Shock 2003, 19: 113-116. 10.1097/00024382-200302000-00004CrossRefPubMed
42.
Marchant A, Alegre M, Hakim A, Piérard G, Marécaux G, Friedman G, De Groote D, Kahn R, Vincent J, Goldman M: Clinical and biological significance of interleukin-10 plasma levels in patients with septic shock. J Clin Immunol 1995, 15: 265-272. 10.1007/BF01540884CrossRef
43.
Dobrovolskaia MA, Medvedev AE, Thomas KE, Cuesta N, Toshchakov V, Ren T, Cody MJ, Michalek SM, Rice NR, Vogel SN: Induction of in vitro reprogramming by Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 agonists in murine macrophages: effects of TLR "homotolerance" versus "heterotolerance" on NF-kappa B signaling pathway components. J Immunol 2003, 170: 508-519.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Fitting C, Dhawan S, Cavaillon JM: Compartmentalisation of endotoxin tolerance. J Infect Dis 2004, 189: 1295-1303. 10.1086/382657CrossRefPubMed
45.
Mitov IG, Kropec A, Benzing A, Just H, Garotta G, Galanos C, Freudenberg M: Differential cytokine production in stimulated blood cultures from intensive care patients with bacterial infections. Infection 1997, 25: 206-212. 10.1007/BF01713144CrossRefPubMed
46.
Muret J, Marie C, Fitting C, Payen D, Cavaillon J-M: Ex vivo T-lymphocyte derived cytokine production in SIRS patients is influenced by experimental procedures. Shock 2000, 13: 169-174.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Wilhelm W, Grundmann U, Rensing H, Werth M, Langemeyer J, Stracke C, Dhingra D, Bauer M: Monocyte deactivation in severe human sepsis or following cardiopulmonary bypass. Shock 2002, 17: 354-360. 10.1097/00024382-200205000-00002CrossRefPubMed
48.
49.
Prins JM, Kuijper EJ, Mevissen ML, Speelman P, van Deventer SJ: Release of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 during antibiotic killing of Escherichia coli in whole blood: influence of antibiotic class, antibiotic concentration, and presence of septic serum. Infect Immun 1995, 63: 2236-2242.PubMedCentralPubMed
50.
Spinas G, Bloesch D, Kaufmann M, Keller U, Dayer JM: Induction of plasma inhibitors of interleukin 1 and TNF-alpha activity by endotoxin administration to normal humans. Am J Physiol 1990, 259: R993-R997.PubMed
51.
Ronco C, Brendolan A, Lonnemann G, Bellomo R, Piccinni P, Digito A, Dan M, Irone M, La Greca G, Inguaggiato P, et al.: A pilot study of coupled plasma filtration with adsorption in septic shock. Crit Care Med 2002, 30: 1250-1255. 10.1097/00003246-200206000-00015CrossRefPubMed
52.
Brandtzaeg P, Osnes L, Øvstebø R, Joø GB, Westwik AB, Kierulf P: Net inflammatory capacity of human septic shock plasma evaluated by a monocyte-based target cell assay: identification of interleukin-10 as a major functional deactivator of human monocytes. J Exp Med 1996, 184: 51-60. 10.1084/jem.184.1.51CrossRefPubMed
53.
Marie C, Fitting C, Muret J, Payen D, Cavaillon J-M: Interleukin-8 production in whole blood assays: is interleukin-10 responsible for the downregulation observed in sepsis? Cytokine 2000, 12: 55-61. 10.1006/cyto.1999.0517CrossRefPubMed
54.
Ayala A, Knotts JB, Ertel W, Perrin MM, Morrison MH, Chaudry IH: Role of interleukin 6 and transforming growth factor-beta in the induction of depressed splenocyte responses following sepsis. Arch Surg 1993, 128: 89-94.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Miller-Graziano CL, Szabo G, Griffey K, Mehta B, Kodys K, Catalano D: Role of elevated monocyte transforming growth factor β production in post-trauma immunosuppression. J Clin Immunol 1991, 11: 95-102. 10.1007/BF00917745CrossRefPubMed
56.
Chen W, Frank M, Jin W, Wahl S: TGF-beta released by apoptotic T cells contributes to an immunosuppressive milieu. Immunity 2001, 14: 715-725. 10.1016/S1074-7613(01)00147-9CrossRefPubMed
57.
Jones SB, Westfall MV, Sayeed MM: Plasma catecholamines during E. coli bacteremia in conscious rats. Am J Physiol 1988, 254: R470-477.PubMed
58.
Luger TA, Kalden DH, Scholzen TE, Brzoska T: A melanocyte stimulating hormone as a mediator of tolerance induction. Pathobiology 1999, 67: 318-321. 10.1159/000028089CrossRefPubMed
59.
Delgado M, Pozo D, Martinez C, Leceta J, Calvo JR, Ganea D, Gomariz RP: Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide inhibit endotoxin-induced TNFa production by macrophages: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Immunol 1999, 162: 2358-2367.PubMed
60.
Annane D, Cavaillon JM: Corticosteroids in sepsis: from bench to bedside? Shock 2003, 20: 197-207. 10.1097/01.shk.0000079423.72656.2fCrossRefPubMed
61.
Choudhry MA, Ahmad S, Ahmed Z, Sayeed MM: Prostaglandin E2 down-regulation of T cell IL-2 production is independent of IL-10 during Gram negative sepsis. Immunol Lett 1999, 67: 125-130. 10.1016/S0165-2478(99)00003-6CrossRefPubMed
62.
Njemini R, Lambert M, Demanet C, Mets T: Elevated serum heat-shock protein 70 levels in patients with acute infection: use of an optimized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Scand J Immunol 2003, 58: 664-669. 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2003.01341.xCrossRefPubMed
63.
Ding X, Fernandez-Prada C, Bhattacharjee A, Hoover D: Over-expression of hsp-70 inhibits bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced production of cytokines in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Cytokine 2001, 16: 210-219. 10.1006/cyto.2001.0959CrossRefPubMed
64.
Cavaillon JM, Adrie C, Fitting C, Adib-Conquy M: Endotoxin tolerance: is there a clinical relevance? J Endotoxin Res 2003, 9: 101-107. 10.1179/096805103125001487CrossRefPubMed
65.
Kitchens RL, Thompson PA, Viriyakosol S, O'Keefe GE, Munford RS: Plasma CD14 decreases monocyte responses to LPS by transferring cell-bound LPS to plasma lipoproteins. J Clin Invest 2001, 108: 485-493. 10.1172/JCI200113139PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
66.
Vreugdenhil ACE, Snoeck AMP, van't Veer C, Greve JWM, Buurman WA: LPS-binding protein circulates in association with apoB-containing lipoproteins and enhances endotoxin-LDL/VLDL interaction. J Clin Invest 2001, 107: 225-234.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
67.
Cavaillon JM, Fitting C, Haeffner-Cavaillon N, Kirsch SJ, Warren HS: Cytokine response by monocytes and macrophages to free and lipoprotein-bound lipopolysaccharide. Infect Immun 1990, 58: 2375-2382.PubMedCentralPubMed
68.
Warren HS, Knights CV, Siber GR: Neutralization and lipoprotein binding of lipopolysaccharides in tolerant rabbit serum. J Infect Dis 1986, 154: 784-791.CrossRefPubMed
69.
Majetschak M, Krehmeier U, Bardenheuer M, Denz C, Quintel M, Voggenreiter G, Obertacke U: Extracellular ubiquitin inhibits the TNF-alpha response to endotoxin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and regulates endotoxin hyporesponsiveness in critical illness. Blood 2003, 101: 1882-1890. 10.1182/blood-2002-03-0918CrossRefPubMed
70.
Blackwell TS, Blackwell TR, Christman JW: Induction of endotoxin tolerance depletes nuclear factor-kB and suppresses its activation in rat alveolar macrophages. J Leuk Biol 1997, 62: 885-891.
71.
Ziegler-Heitbrock HWL, Wedel A, Schraut W, Ströbel M, Wendelgass P, Sterndorf T, Bäuerle PA, Haas JG, Riethmüller G: Tolerance to lipopolysaccharide involves mobilization of nuclear factor κB with predominance of p50 homodimers. J Biol Chem 1994, 269: 17001-17004.PubMed
72.
Adib-Conquy M, Adrie C, Moine P, Asehnoune K, Fitting C, Pinsky MR, Dhainaut J-F, Cavaillon J-M: NF-κB expression in mononuclear cells of septic patients resembles that observed in LPS-tolerance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000, 162: 1877-1883.CrossRefPubMed
73.
Adib-Conquy M, Asehnoune K, Moine P, Cavaillon J-M: Long term impaired expression of nuclear factor-kB and IkBa in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with major trauma. J Leuk Biol 2001, 70: 30-38.
74.
Kobayashi K, Hernandez LD, Galan JE, Janeway CAJ, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA: IRAK-M is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor signaling. Cell 2002, 110: 191-202. 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00827-9CrossRefPubMed
75.
Escoll P, del Fresno C, Garcia L, Valles G, Lendinez M, Arnalich F, Lopez-Collazo E: Rapid up-regulation of IRAK-M expression following a second endotoxin challenge in human monocytes and in monocytes isolated from septic patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003, 311: 465-472. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.019CrossRefPubMed
76.
Fukao T, Koyasu S: PI3K and negative regulation of TLR signaling. Trends Immunol 2003, 24: 358-363. 10.1016/S1471-4906(03)00139-XCrossRefPubMed
77.
Learn CA, Boger MS, Li L, McCall CE: The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase pathway selectively controls sIL-1ra not interleukin-1β production in the septic leukocytes. J Biol Chem 2001, 276: 20234-20239. 10.1074/jbc.M100316200CrossRefPubMed
78.
Zhang G, Ghosh S: Negative regulation of toll-like receptor-mediated signaling by Tollip. J Biol Chem 2002, 277: 7059-7065. 10.1074/jbc.M109537200CrossRefPubMed
79.
Janssens S, Burns K, Tschopp J, Beyaert R: Regulation of interleukin-1- and lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activation by alternative splicing of MyD88. Curr Biol 2002, 12: 467-471. 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00712-1CrossRefPubMed
80.
Wald D, Qin J, Zhao Z, Qian Y, Naramura M, Tian L, Towne J, Sims JE, Stark GR, Li X: SIGIRR, a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor-interleukin 1 receptor signaling. Nat Immunol 2003, 4: 920-927. 10.1038/ni968CrossRefPubMed
81.
Nakagawa R, Naka T, Tsutsui H, Fujimoto M, Kimura A, Abe T, Seki E, Sato S, Takeuchi O, Takeda K, et al.: SOCS-1 participates in negative regulation of LPS responses. Immunity 2002, 17: 677-687. 10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00449-1CrossRefPubMed
82.
Divanovic S, Trompette A, Atabani SF, Madan R, Golenbock DT, Visintin A, Finberg RW, Tarakhovsky A, Vogel SN, Belkaid Y, et al.: Inhibition of TLR-4/MD-2 signaling by RP105/MD-1. J Endotoxin Res 2005, 11: 363-368. 10.1179/096805105X67300CrossRefPubMed
83.
Brint EK, Xu D, Liu H, Dunne A, McKenzie ANJ, O'Neill LAJ, Liew FY: ST2 is an inhibitor of interleukin 1 receptor and toll-like receptor 4 signaling and maintains endotoxin tolerance. Nat Immunol 2004, 5: 373-379. 10.1038/ni1050CrossRefPubMed
84.
Chuang TH, Ulevitch RJ: Triad3A, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating Toll-like receptors. Nat Immunol 2004, 5: 495-502. 10.1038/ni1066CrossRefPubMed
85.
Wang T, Chuang TH, Ronni T, Gu S, Du YC, Cai H, Sun HQ, Yin HL, Chen X: Flightless I homolog negatively modulates the TLR pathway. J Immunol 2006, 176: 1355-1362.CrossRefPubMed
86.
Williams KL, Lich JD, Duncan JA, Reed W, Rallabhandi P, Moore C, Kurtz S, Coffield VM, Accavitti-Loper MA, Su L, et al.: The CATERPILLER protein monarch-1 is an antagonist of toll-like receptor-, tumor necrosis factor alpha-, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis -induced pro-inflammatory signals. J Biol Chem 2005, 280: 39914-39924. 10.1074/jbc.M502820200PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
87.
Boone DL, Turer EE, Lee EG, Ahmad RC, Wheeler MT, Tsui C, Hurley P, Chien M, Chai S, Hitotsumatsu O, et al.: The ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20 is required for termination of Toll-like receptor responses. Nat Immunol 2004, 5: 1052-1060. 10.1038/ni1110CrossRefPubMed
88.
Rauh MJ, Sly LM, Kalesnikoff J, Hughes MR, Cao LP, Lam V, Krystal G: The role of SHIP1 in macrophage programming and activation. Biochem Soc Trans 2004, 32: 785-788. 10.1042/BST0320785CrossRefPubMed
89.
Takeshita F, Ishii KJ, Kobiyama K, Kojima Y, Coban C, Sasaki S, Ishii N, Klinman DM, Okuda K, Akira S, et al.: TRAF4 acts as a silencer in TLR-mediated signaling through the association with TRAF6 and TRIF. Eur J Immunol 2005, 35: 2477-2485. 10.1002/eji.200526151CrossRefPubMed
90.
Mashima R, Saeki K, Aki D, Minoda Y, Takaki H, Sanada T, Kobayashi T, Aburatani H, Yamanashi Y, Yoshimura A: FLN29, a novel interferon- and LPS-inducible gene acting as a negative regulator of toll-like receptor signaling. J Biol Chem 2005, 280: 41289-41297. 10.1074/jbc.M508221200CrossRefPubMed
91.
Shinohara H, Inoue A, Toyama-Sorimachi N, Nagai Y, Yasuda T, Suzuki H, Horai R, Iwakura Y, Yamamoto T, Karasuyama H, et al.: Dok-1 and Dok-2 are negative regulators of lipopolysaccharide-induced signaling. J Exp Med 2005, 201: 333-339. 10.1084/jem.20041817PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
92.
Hammer M, Mages J, Dietrich H, Servatius A, Howells N, Cato AC, Lang R: Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) regulates a subset of LPS-induced genes and protects mice from lethal endotoxin shock. J Exp Med 2006, 203: 15-20. 10.1084/jem.20051753PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
93.
Zhao Q, Wang X, Nelin LD, Yao Y, Matta R, Manson ME, Baliga RS, Meng X, Smith CV, Bauer JA, et al.: MAP kinase phosphatase 1 controls innate immune responses and suppresses endotoxic shock. J Exp Med 2006, 203: 131-140. 10.1084/jem.20051794PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
94.
Zhao F, Yuan Q, Sultzer BM, Chung SW, Wong PM: The involvement of Ran GTPase in lipopolysaccharide endotoxin-induced responses. J Endotoxin Res 2001, 7: 53-56. 10.1179/096805101101532549CrossRefPubMed
95.
Kuwert EK, Marcus I, Werner J, Iwand A, Thraenhart O: Some experiences with human diploid cell strain-(HDCS) rabies vaccine in pre- and post-exposure vaccinated humans. Dev Biol Stand 1978, 40: 79-88.PubMed
96.
Cavaillon JM, Adib-Conquy M, Fitting C, Adrie C, Payen D: Cytokine cascade in sepsis. Scand J Infect Dis 2003, 35: 535-544. 10.1080/00365540310015935CrossRefPubMed
97.
Cavaillon J, Annane D: Compartmentalization of the inflammatory response in sepsis and SIRS. J Endotoxin Res 2006, in press.
98.
Munford RS, Pugin J: Normal response to injury prevent systemic inflammation and can be immunosuppressive. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001, 163: 316-321.CrossRefPubMed
99.
Zhang X, Morrison DC: Lipopolysaccharide structure-function relationship in activation versus reprogramming of mouse peritoneal macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 1993, 54: 444-450.PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Bench-to-bedside review: Endotoxin tolerance as a model of leukocyte reprogramming in sepsis
verfasst von
Jean-Marc Cavaillon
Minou Adib-Conquy
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2006
Verlag
BioMed Central
Erschienen in
Critical Care / Ausgabe 5/2006
Elektronische ISSN: 1364-8535
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/cc5055

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2006

Critical Care 5/2006 Zur Ausgabe

Research

Heterotopic ossification of the knee joint in intensive care unit patients: early diagnosis with magnetic resonance imaging

Research

Alternative protocol to initiate high-frequency oscillatory ventilation: an experimental study

Review

Ethics roundtable debate: Patients and surrogates want 'everything done' – what does 'everything' mean?

Review

Evidence-based medicine: Classifying the evidence from clinical trials – the need to consider other dimensions

Letter

Drotrecogin alfa (activated): down and not out, but not really in either

Commentary

Predicting volume responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients: still a challenging problem

Neu im Fachgebiet AINS

Akuter Schwindel: Wann lohnt sich eine MRT?

28.04.2024 Schwindel Nachrichten

Akuter Schwindel stellt oft eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Wie nützlich dabei eine MRT ist, hat eine Studie aus Finnland untersucht. Immerhin einer von sechs Patienten wurde mit akutem ischämischem Schlaganfall diagnostiziert.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

25.04.2024 Allergien und Intoleranzreaktionen Nachrichten

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Hinter dieser Appendizitis steckte ein Erreger

23.04.2024 Appendizitis Nachrichten

Schmerzen im Unterbauch, aber sonst nicht viel, was auf eine Appendizitis hindeutete: Ein junger Mann hatte Glück, dass trotzdem eine Laparoskopie mit Appendektomie durchgeführt und der Wurmfortsatz histologisch untersucht wurde.

Ärztliche Empathie hilft gegen Rückenschmerzen

23.04.2024 Leitsymptom Rückenschmerzen Nachrichten

Personen mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen, die von einfühlsamen Ärzten und Ärztinnen betreut werden, berichten über weniger Beschwerden und eine bessere Lebensqualität.

Update AINS

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

hier abonnieren
Bildnachweise