Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Typ-2-Diabetes und Adipositas Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Häufige urologisch-sexualmedizinische Themen in der Praxis sind das Thema des MMW-Webinars am 5. Juni von 17.30 bis 19 Uhr. Konkret geht es um die Frage, wann bei Harnwegsinfektionen auf Antibiotika verzichtet werden kann, und um ein Update zur Therapie von Libido- und Potenzstörungen des Mannes. Der dritte Vortrag behandelt sexuell übertragbare Krankheiten. Stellen Sie Ihre Fragen an die Experten und sammeln Sie 2 CME-Punkte. Jetzt gleich anmelden!
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Sports Medicine
Erschienen in: Sports Medicine 1/2007

01.01.2007 | Leading Article

Cardiac Tissue Doppler Imaging in Sports Medicine

verfasst von: Dr Anne Krieg, Jürgen Scharhag, Wilfried Kindermann, Axel Urhausen

Erschienen in: Sports Medicine | Ausgabe 1/2007

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The differentiation of training-induced cardiac adaptations from pathological conditions is a key issue in sports cardiology. As morphological features do not allow for a clear delineation of early stages of relevant pathologies, the echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function is the technique of first choice in this regard.
Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a relatively recent method for the assessment of cardiac function that provides direct, local measurements of myocardial velocities throughout the cardiac cycle. Although it has shown a superior sensitivity in the detection of ventricular dysfunction in clinical and experimental studies, its application in sports medicine is still rare. Besides technical factors, this may be due to a lack in consensus on the characteristics of ventricular function in relevant conditions.
For more than two decades there has been an ongoing debate on the existence of a supernormal left ventricular function in athlete’s heart. While results from traditional echocardiography are conflicting, TDI studies established an improved diastolic function in endurance-trained athletes with athlete’s heart compared with controls.
The influence of anabolic steroids on cardiac function also has been investigated by standard echocardiographic techniques with inconsistent results. The only TDI study dealing with this topic demonstrated a significantly impaired diastolic function in bodybuilders with long-term abuse of anabolic steroids compared with strength-trained athletes without abuse of anabolic steroids and controls, respectively.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most frequent cause of sudden death in young athletes. However, in its early stages, it is difficult to distinguish from athlete’s heart. By means of TDI, ventricular dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be disclosed even before the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. Also, a differentiation of left ventricular hypertrophy due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or systemic hypertension is possible by TDI.
Besides the evaluation of different forms of left ventricular hypertrophy, the diagnosis of myocarditis is also of particular importance in athletes. Today, it still requires myocardial biopsy. The analysis of focal disturbances in myocardial velocities might be a promising non-invasive method; however, systematic validation studies are lacking.
An important future issue for the implementation of TDI into routine examination will be the standardisation of procedures and the establishment of significant reference values for the above-mentioned conditions. Innovative TDI parameters also merit further investigation.
Literatur
1.
Urhausen A, Kindermann W. Sports-specific adaptations and differentiations of the athlete’s heart. Sports Med 1999; 28:237–44PubMedCrossRef
2.
Pelliccia A, Maron BJ, Spataro A, et al. The upper limit of physiologic cardiac hypertrophy in highly trained elite athletes. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 295–301PubMedCrossRef
3.
Maron BJ, Pelliccia A, Spirito P. Cardiac disease in young trained athletes. Insights into methods for distinguishing athlete’s heart from structural heart disease, with particular emphasison hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1995; 91:1596–601PubMedCrossRef
4.
Aeschenbacher BC, Hutter D, Fuhrer J, et al. Diastolic dysfunction precedes myocardial hypertrophy in the development of hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2001; 14: 106–13CrossRef
5.
De Marchi SF, Allemann Y, Seiler C. Relaxation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive heart disease: relations between hypertrophy and diastolic function. Heart 2000; 83:678–84PubMedCrossRef
6.
Nagueh SF, McFalls J, Meyer D, et al. Tissue Doppler imaging predicts the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in subjects with subclinical disease. Circulation 2003; 108: 395–8PubMedCrossRef
7.
Cohen G, Pietrolungo J, Thomas J, et al. A practical guide to assessment of ventricular diastolic function using Doppler echocardiography. J Am Coll CardioI 1996; 27: 1753–60CrossRef
8.
Slama M, Susic D, Varagic J, et al. Diastolic dysfunction in hypertension. Current Opin Cardiol 2002; 17: 368–73CrossRef
9.
Naqvi TZ, Neyman G, Broyde A, et al. Comparison of myocardial tissue Doppler with transmitral flow Doppler in left ventricular hypertrophy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001; 14:1153–60PubMedCrossRef
10.
Nishimura RA, Tajik AJ. Evaluation of diastolic filling of left ventricle in health and disease: Doppler echocardiography is the clinician’s rosetta stone. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 8–18PubMedCrossRef
11.
Kvitting JP, Wigstrom L, Strotmann JM, et al. How accurate is visual assessment of synchronicity in myocardial motion? An in vitro study with computer -simulated regional delay in myocardial motion: clinical implications for rest and stress echocardiography studies. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999; 12:698–705PubMedCrossRef
12.
Sutherland GR, Kukulski T, Kvitting JE, et al. Quantitation of left-ventricular a synergy by cardiac ultrasound. Am J Cardiol 2000; 86: 4G-9GCrossRef
13.
McDicken W, Sutherland G, Moran C, et al. Colour Doppler velocity imaging of the myocardium. Ultrasound Med BioI1992; 18: 651–4PubMedCrossRef
14.
Nagueh SF, Middleton KJ, Kopelen HA, et al. Doppler tissue imaging: a non invasive technique for evaluation of left ventricular relaxation and estimation of filling pressures. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 1527–33PubMedCrossRef
15.
Oki T, Tabata T, Yamada H, et al. Clinical application of pulsed Doppler tissue imaging for assessing abnormal left ventricular relaxation. Am J Cardiol 1997; 79: 921–8PubMedCrossRef
16.
Sohn DW, Chai IH, Lee DJ, et al. Assessment of mitral annulus velocity by Doppler tissue imaging in the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30:474–80PubMedCrossRef
17.
Donovan CL, Armstrong WF, Bach DS. Quantitative Doppler tissue imaging of the left ventricular myocardium: validation in normal subjects. Am J Cardio1 1995; 130: 100–4
18.
Nowicki A, Olszewski R, Etienne J, et al. Assessment of wall velocity gradient imaging using a test phantom. Ultrasound Med Biol 1996; 22: 1255–60PubMedCrossRef
19.
Walker A, Olsson E, Wranne B, et al. Accuracy of spectral Doppler flow and tissue velocity measurements in ultra sound systems. Ultrasound Med Biol 2004; 30: 127–32PubMedCrossRef
20.
D’Andrea A, Caso P, Severino S, et al. Prognostic value of intra left ventricular electro mechanical asynchrony in patients with hyper trophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2005; 27: 1311–8PubMedCrossRef
21.
Fraser AG, Payne N, Madler CF, et al. Feasibility and reproducibility of off-line tissue Doppler measurement of regional myocardial function during dobutamine stress echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr 2003; 4: 43–53PubMedCrossRef
22.
Nagueh SF, Lakkis NM, Middleton KJ, et al. Doppler estimation of left ventricular filling pressures in patients with hyper trophiccardiomyopathy. Circulation 1999; 99: 254–61PubMedCrossRef
23.
Agricola E, Galderisi M, Oppizzi M, et al. Doppler tissue imaging: a reliable method for estimation of left ventricular filling pressure in patients with mitral regurgitation. Am Heart J 2005; 150: 610–5PubMedCrossRef
24.
Abraham T, Rick A, Nishimura A, et al. Strain rate imaging for assessment of regional myocardial function: results from a clinical model of septal ablation. Circulation 2002; 105:1403–6PubMedCrossRef
25.
Urheim S, Edvardsen T, Torp H, et al. Myocardial strain by Doppler echocardiography: validation of a new method to quantify regional myocardial function. Circulation 2000; 102:1158–64PubMedCrossRef
26.
Kato TS, Noda A, Izawa H, et al. Discrimination of non obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy on the basis of strain rate imaging by tissue Doppler ultrasonography. Circulation 2004; 110:3808–14PubMedCrossRef
27.
Palka P, Lange A, Fleming A, et al. Differences in myocardial velocity gradient measured throughout the cardiac cycle in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, athletes and patients with left ventricular hypertrophy due to hypertension. J Am Coll Carcliol 1997; 30: 760–8CrossRef
28.
Cardim N, Oliveira G, Longo S, et al. Doppler tissue imaging: regional myocardial function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in athletes heart. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003; 1: 223–32
29.
Vinereanu D, Florescu N, Sculthorpe N, et al. Differentiation between pathologic and physiologic left ventricular hypertrophy by tissue Doppler assessment of long-axis function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or systemic hypertension and in athletes. Am J Cardiol 2001; 88: 53–8PubMedCrossRef
30.
Cardim N, Longo S, Ferreira T, et al. Tissue Doppler imaging assessment of long axis left ventricular function in hypertensive patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy: differential diagnosis with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Rev Port Cardiol 2002; 21: 709–40PubMed
31.
Nottin S, Nguyen LD, Terbah M, et al. Left ventricular function in endurance-trained children by tissue Doppler imaging. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36: 1507–13PubMedCrossRef
32.
von Bibra H, Tuchnitz A, Klein A, et al. Regional diastolic function by pulsed Doppler myocardial mapping for the detection of left ventricular ischemia during pharmacologic stress testing: a comparison with stress echocardiography and perfusion scintigraphy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 444–52CrossRef
33.
Duncan AM, Francis D, Gibson DG, et al. Differentiation of ischemic from nonischemic cardiomyopathy during dobutamine stress by left ventricular long-axis function: additional effect of left bundle-branch block. Circulation 2003; 108:1214–20PubMedCrossRef
34.
Rarmaldi R, Bax J, BoersmaE, et al. Value of pulse-wave tissue Doppler imaging to identify dyssynergic but viable myocardium. Am J Cardiol 2003; 92: 64–7CrossRef
35.
von Bibra H, Thrainsdottir I, Hansen A, et al. Tissue Doppler imaging for the detection and quantitation of myocardial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2005; 2: 24–30CrossRef
36.
Voigt JU, Nixdorff U, Bogdan R, et al. Comparison of deformation imaging and velocity imaging for detecting regional inducible ischaemia during dobutamine stress echocardiography. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 1517–25PubMedCrossRef
37.
D’Andrea A, Caso P, Galderisi M, et al. Assessment of myocardial response to physical exercise in endurance competitive athletes by pulsed Doppler tissue imaging. Am J Cardiol 2001;87: 1226–30PubMedCrossRef
38.
Stoylen A, Wisloff U, Slordahl S. Left ventricular mechanics during exercise: a Doppler and tissue Doppler study. Eur J Echocardiogr 2003; 4: 286–91PubMedCrossRef
39.
Weidemann F, Kowalski M, D’hooge J, et al. Doppler myocardial imaging: a new tool to assess regional in homogeneity in cardiac function. Basic Res Cardiol 2001; 96: 595–605PubMedCrossRef
40.
Shimizu Y, Uematsu M, Nagaya N, et al. Myocardial velocity gradient reflects the severity of myocardial damage regardless of the presence or absence of mitral regurgitation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003; 16: 246–53PubMedCrossRef
41.
Rodriguez L, Garcia M, Ares M, et al. Assessment of mitral annular dynamics during diastole by Doppler tissue imaging: comparison with mitral Doppler inflow in subjects without heart disease and in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Am Heart J 1996; 131: 982–7PubMedCrossRef
42.
Keul J, Dickhuth HH, Lehmann M, et al. The athlete’s heart: haemodynamics and structure. Int J Sports Med 1982; 3 Suppl.1: 33–43PubMedCrossRef
43.
Schaible TF, Scheuer J. Cardiac adaptations to chronic exercise. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1985; 27: 297–324PubMedCrossRef
44.
Grossman W, Jones D, McLaurin LP. Wall stress and patterns of hypertrophy in the human left ventricle. J Clin Invest 1975; 56:56–64PubMedCrossRef
45.
Reindell H, Klepzig H, Steim H. Herz-Kreislaufkrankheiten und Sport. Munich: Barth, 1960
46.
Scharhag J, Schneider G, Urhausen A, et al. Athlete’s heart: right and left ventricular mass and function in male endurance athletes and untrained individuals determined by magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 1856–63PubMedCrossRef
47.
Colan SD, Sanders SP, MacPherson D, et al. Left ventricular diastolic function in elite athletes with physiologic cardiac hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardio11985; 6: 545–9PubMedCrossRef
48.
Henriksen E, Kangro T, Jonason T, et al. Doppler transmitral and pulmonary venous flow in young orienteers and sedentary young adults. Echocardiography 2000; 17: 133–9PubMedCrossRef
49.
Lewis JF, Spirito P, Pelliccia A, et al. Usefulness of Doppler echocardiographic assessment of diastolic filling in distinguishing‘athlete’s heart’ from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Br Heart J 1992; 68: 296–300PubMedCrossRef
50.
Missault L, Duprez D, Jordaens L, et al. Cardiac anatomy and diastolic filling in professional road cyclists. Eur J Appl Physio1 1993; 66: 405–8CrossRef
51.
Nixon N, Wright AR, Porter IR, et al. Effects of exercise on left ventricular diastolic performance in trained athletes. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68: 945–9PubMedCrossRef
52.
Schannwell C, Schneppenheim M, Plehn G, et al. Left ventricular diastolic function in physiologic and pathologic hypertrophy. Am J Hypertens 2002; 15: 513–7PubMedCrossRef
53.
Caso P, D’Andrea A, Galderisi M, et al. Pulsed Doppler tissue imaging in endurance athletes: relation between left ventricular preload and myocardial regional diastolic function. Am J Cardiol 2000; 85: 1131–6PubMedCrossRef
54.
Claessens PJ, Claessens CW, Claessens MM, et al. Supernormal left ventricular diastolic function in triathletes. Tex Heart Inst J 2001; 28: 102–10PubMed
55.
Schmidt-Tucksâss A, Schmid A, Haussler C, et al. Left ventricular wall motion during diastolic filling in endurance-trained athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33: 189–95
56.
Zoncu S, Pelliccia A, Mercuro G. Assessment of regional systolic and diastolic wall motion velocities in highly trained athletes by pulsed wave Doppler tissue imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002; 15: 900–5PubMedCrossRef
57.
Demmeaux G, Douillet R, Troniou A, et al. Distinguishing between physiologic hypertrophy in athletes and primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathies: importance of tissue color Doppler [in French]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1999; 92: 201–10
58.
Caso P, Galderisi M, D’Andrea A, et al. Analysis by pulsed Doppler tissue imaging of ventricular interaction in long distance competitive swimmers. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90: 193–7PubMedCrossRef
59.
D’Andrea A, Caso P, Sarubbi B, et al. Right ventricular myocardial adaptation to different training protocols in top-level athletes. Echocardiography 2003; 20: 329–36PubMedCrossRef
60.
Yamada H, Oki T, Mishiro Y, et al. Effect of aging on diastolic left ventricular myocardial velocities measured by pulsed tissue Doppler imaging in healthy subjects. J Am Soc Echocardiogr1999; 12: 574–81PubMedCrossRef
61.
Nottin S, Nguyen L, Terbah M, et al. Long-term endurance training does not prevent the age-related decrease in left ventricular relaxation properties. Acta Physiol Scand 2004; 181:209–15PubMedCrossRef
62.
Levy WC, Cherqueira M, Abrass JB, et al. Endurance exercise training augments diastolic filling at rest and during exercise in healthy young and older men. Circulation 1993; 88: 116–26PubMedCrossRef
63.
Palka P, Lange A, Nihoyannopoulos P. The effect of long-term training on age-related left ventricular changes by Doppler myocardial velocity gradient. Am J Cardiol 1999; 84: 1061–7PubMedCrossRef
64.
Pela G, Bruschi G, Montagna L, et al. Left and right ventricular adaptation assessed by Doppler tissue echocardiography in athletes. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004; 17: 205–11PubMedCrossRef
65.
D’Andrea A, D’Andrea L, Caso P, et al. The usefulness of Doppler myocardial imaging in the study of the athlete’s heart and in the differential diagnosis between physiological and pathological ventricular hypertrophy. Echocardiography 2006;23: 149–57PubMedCrossRef
66.
Abinader EG, Sharif D, Sagiv M, et al. The effects of isometric stress on left ventricular filling in athletes with isometric orisotonic training compared to hypertensive and normal controls. Eur Heart J 1996; 17: 457–61PubMedCrossRef
67.
D’Andrea A, Caso P, Severino S, et al. Effects of different training protocols on left ventricular myocardial function in competitive athletes: a Doppler tissue imaging study. Ital Heart J 2002; 3: 34–40PubMed
68.
D’Andrea A, Limongelli G, Caso P, et al. Association between left ventricular structure and cardiac performance during effort in two morphological forms of athlete’s heart. Int J Cardiol 2002; 86: 177–84PubMedCrossRef
69.
Pearson AC, Schiff M, Mrosek D, et al. Left ventricular diastolic function in weight lifters. Am J Cardiol 1986; 58: 1254–9PubMedCrossRef
70.
Dickerman RD, Schaller F, McConathy WJ. Left ventricular wall thickening does occur in elite power athletes with or without anabolic steroid use. Cardiology 1998; 90: 145–8PubMedCrossRef
71.
Urhausen A, Holpes R, Kindermann W. One- and two-dimensional echocardiography in body builders using anabolic steroids. Eur J Appl Physiol 1989; 58: 63340CrossRef
72.
De Piccoli B, Giada F, Benettin A, et al. Anabolic steroid use in body builders: an echocardiographic study of left ventricle morphology and function. Int J Sports Med 1991; 12: 408–12PubMedCrossRef
73.
Pelliccia A, Spataro A, Caselli G, et al. Absence of left ventricular wall thickening in athletes engaged in intense power training. Am J Cardiol 1993; 72: 1048–54PubMedCrossRef
74.
Miyachi M, Kawano H, Sugawara J, et al. Unfavourable effects of resistance training on central arterial compliance: a randomized intervention study. Circulation 2004; 110: 2858–63PubMedCrossRef
75.
Vinereanu D, Aorescu N, Sculthorphe N, et al. Left ventricular long-axis diastolic function is augmented in the hearts of endurance-trained compared with strength-trained athletes. Clin Sci 2002; 103: 249–57PubMed
76.
Krieg A, Scharhag J, Albers T, et al. Cardiac tissue Doppler in steroid users. Int J Sports Med. In press
77.
Liu PY, Death AK, Handelsman DJ. Androgens and cardiovascular disease. Endocr Rev 2003; 24: 313–40PubMedCrossRef
78.
Nieminen M, Ramo M, Viitasalo M, et al. Serious cardiovascular side effects of large doses of anabolic steroids in weight lifters. Eur Heart J 1996; 17: 1576–83PubMedCrossRef
79.
LeGros T, McConnell D, Murry T, et al. The effects of 17 alpha methyl testosterone on myocardial function in vitro. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 897–903
80.
Trifunovic B, Norton GR, Duffield MJ, et al. An androgenic steroid decreases left ventricular compliance in rats. Am J Physiol 1995; 268: H1096–105
81.
Woodiwiss AJ, Trifunovic B, Philippides M, et al. Effects of an androgenic steroid on exercise-induced cardiac remodeling in rats. J Appl Physiol 2000; 88: 409–15PubMed
82.
Trifunovic B, Woodiwiss AJ, Duffield M, et al. Novel attributes of an androgenic steroid-mediated increase in cardiac end diastolic stiffness in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1998; 76:657–64PubMedCrossRef
83.
Dickerman RD, Schaller F, Zachariah NY, et al. Left ventricular size and function in elite bodybuilders using anabolic steroids. Clin J Sport Med 1997; 7: 90–3PubMedCrossRef
84.
Sachtleben TR, Berg KE, Elias BA, et al. The effects of anabolic steroids on myocardial structure and cardiovascular fitness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993; 25: 1240–5PubMed
85.
Urhausen A, Albers T, Kindermann W. Are the cardiac effects of anabolic steroid abuse in strength athletes reversible? Heart 2004; 90: 496–501PubMedCrossRef
86.
Palatini P, Giada F, Garavelli G, et al. Cardiovascular effects of anabolic steroids in weight-trained subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 1996; 36: 1132–40PubMed
87.
Thompson PD, Sadaniantz A, Cullinane EM, et al. Left ventricular function is not impaired in weight-lifters who use anabolic steroids. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 278–82PubMedCrossRef
88.
Salke RC, Rowland TW, Burke EJ. Left ventricular size and function in body builders using anabolic steroids. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1985; 17: 701–4PubMedCrossRef
89.
Yeater R, Reed C, Ullrich I, et al. Resistance trained athletes using or not using anabolic steroids compared to runners: effects on cardio respiratory variables, body comosition, and plasma lipids. Br J Sports Med 1996; 30: 11–4PubMedCrossRef
90.
Nottin S, Nguyen L, Terbah M, et al. Cardio vascular effects of androgenic anabolic steroids in male body builders determined by tissue Doppler imaging. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97: 912–5PubMedCrossRef
91.
Spirito P, Chiarella F, Carratino L, et al. Clinical course and prognosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in an outpatient population. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 749–55PubMedCrossRef
92.
Maron BJ, Bonow RO, Cannon RO, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: interrelations of clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and therapy (1). N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 780–9PubMedCrossRef
93.
Maron BJ, Bonow RO, Cannon RO, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: interrelations of clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and therapy (2). N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 844–52PubMedCrossRef
94.
Maron BJ, Roberts WC, Edwards JE, et al. Sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: characterization of 26 patients with functional limitation. Am J Cardiol 1978; 41: 803–10PubMedCrossRef
95.
Spirito P, Bellone P, Harris KM, et al. Magnitude of left ventricular hypertrophy and risk of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1778–85PubMedCrossRef
96.
Maron BJ, Roberts WC, McAllister HA, et al. Sudden death in young athletes. Circulation 1980; 62: 218–29PubMedCrossRef
97.
Maron BJ, Shirani J, Poliac LC, et al. Sudden death in young competitive athletes. Clinical, demographic, and pathological profiles. JAMA 1996; 276: 199–204PubMedCrossRef
98.
Richard P, Charron P, Carrier L, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: distribution of disease genes, spectrum of limitations, and implications for a molecular diagnosis strategy. Circulation 2003; 107: 2227–32PubMedCrossRef
99.
Maron BJ, Spirito P, Green KJ, et al. Non invasive assessment of left ventricular diastolic function by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 10: 733–42PubMedCrossRef
100.
Cardim N, Castela S, Cordeiro R, et al. Tissue Doppler imaging assessment among axis left ventricular function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Rev Port Cardial 2002; 21: 953–85
101.
Kato T, Noda A, Izawa H, et al. Myocardial velocity gradient as a noninvasively determined index of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 278–85PubMedCrossRef
102.
Ho CY, Sweitzer N, McDonough B, et al. Assessment of diastolic function with Doppler tissue imaging to predict genotype in preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2002; 105: 2992–7PubMedCrossRef
103.
Pieroni M, Chimenti C, Ricci R, et al. Early detection of fabry cardiomyopathy by tissue Doppler imaging. Circulation 2003;107: 1978–84PubMedCrossRef
104.
Matsumura Y, Elliott PM, Virdee MS, et al. Left ventricular diastolic function assessed using Doppler tissue imaging in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: relation to symptoms and exercise capacity. Heart 2002; 87: 247–51PubMedCrossRef
105.
McMahon CI, Nagueh SF, Pignatelli RH, et al. Characterization of left ventricular diastolic function by tissue Doppler imaging and clinical status in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2004; 109: 1756–62PubMedCrossRef
106.
D’Andrea A, Caso P, Severino S, et al. Different involvement of right ventricular myocardial function in either physiologic orpathologic left ventricular hypertrophy: a Doppler tissue study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003; 16: 154–61PubMedCrossRef
107.
Spirito P, Maron BI. Relation between extent of left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic filling abnormalities in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 15: 808–13PubMedCrossRef
108.
Wong CY, O’Moore-Sullivan T, Leano R, et al. Alterations of left ventricular myocardial characteristics associated with obesity. Circulation 2004; 110: 3081–7PubMedCrossRef
109.
Wong CY, O’Moore-Sullivan T, Leano R, et al. Association of subclinical right ventricular dysfunction with obesity. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47: 611–6PubMedCrossRef
110.
Willens HI, Olakko SC, Byers P, et al. Effects of weight loss after gastric bypass on right and left ventricular function assessed by tissue Doppler imaging. Am J Cardiol 2005; 95:1521–4PubMedCrossRef
111.
Coelho A, Palileo E, Ashley W, et al. Tachyarrhythmias in young athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 7: 237–43PubMedCrossRef
112.
Zeppilli P, Santini C, Palmieri V, et al. Role of myocarditis in athletes with minor arrhythmias and/or echocardiographic abnormalities. Chest 1994; 106: 373–80PubMedCrossRef
113.
Frustaci A, Cameli S, Zeppilli P. Biopsy evidence of atrial myocarditis in an athlete developing transient sinoatrial disease. Chest 1995; 108: 1460–2PubMedCrossRef
114.
Brennan FR, Stenzler R B, Oriscello R. Diagnosis and management of myocarditis in athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep 2003; 2:65–71PubMed
115.
Mahrholdt H, Goedecke C, Wagner A, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of human myocarditis: a comparison to histology and molecular pathology. Circulation 2004; 109: 1250–8PubMedCrossRef
116.
Margari ZJ, Anastasiou-Nana MI, Terrovitis J, et al. Indium-111 monoclonal anti myosin cardiac scintigraphy in suspected acute myocarditis: evolution and diagnostic impact. Int J Cardiol 2003; 90: 23945CrossRef
117.
Urhausen A, Kindermann M, Btihm M, et al. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Diagnosis of myocarditis by cardiac tissue velocity imaging in an olympic athlete. Circulation 2003; 108:e21–2CrossRef
118.
Claessens P, Claessens C, Claessens M, et al. Strain imaging: key to the specific left ventricular diastolic properties of endurance trained athlete. J Clin Basic Cardiol 2003; 6: 35–40
119.
Meyer T, Kindermann M, Kindermann W. Exercise programmes for patients with chronic heart failure. Sports Med 2004;34: 939–54PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Cardiac Tissue Doppler Imaging in Sports Medicine
verfasst von
Dr Anne Krieg
Jürgen Scharhag
Wilfried Kindermann
Axel Urhausen
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2007
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Sports Medicine / Ausgabe 1/2007
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737010-00002

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2007

Sports Medicine 1/2007 Zur Ausgabe

Review Article

The Physiology of Mountain Biking

Review Article

The Effects of Exercise Training on Fat-Mass Loss in Obese Patients During Energy Intake Restriction

Leading Article

Cross Education

Review Article

Power Athletes and Distance Training

Injury Clinic

A Systematic Review on Ankle Injury and Ankle Sprain in Sports

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen. 
» Jetzt entdecken

Neu im Fachgebiet Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Knie-TEP: Kein Vorteil durch antibiotikahaltigen Knochenzement

29.05.2024 Periprothetische Infektionen Nachrichten

Zur Zementierung einer Knie-TEP wird in Deutschland zu über 98% Knochenzement verwendet, der mit einem Antibiotikum beladen ist. Ob er wirklich besser ist als Zement ohne Antibiotikum, kann laut Registerdaten bezweifelt werden.

Häusliche Gewalt in der orthopädischen Notaufnahme oft nicht erkannt

28.05.2024 Häusliche Gewalt Nachrichten

In der Notaufnahme wird die Chance, Opfer von häuslicher Gewalt zu identifizieren, von Orthopäden und Orthopädinnen offenbar zu wenig genutzt. Darauf deuten die Ergebnisse einer Fragebogenstudie an der Sahlgrenska-Universität in Schweden hin.

Fehlerkultur in der Medizin – Offenheit zählt!

28.05.2024 Fehlerkultur Podcast

Darüber reden und aus Fehlern lernen, sollte das Motto in der Medizin lauten. Und zwar nicht nur im Sinne der Patientensicherheit. Eine negative Fehlerkultur kann auch die Behandelnden ernsthaft krank machen, warnt Prof. Dr. Reinhard Strametz. Ein Plädoyer und ein Leitfaden für den offenen Umgang mit kritischen Ereignissen in Medizin und Pflege.

Mehr Frauen im OP – weniger postoperative Komplikationen

21.05.2024 Allgemeine Chirurgie Nachrichten

Ein Frauenanteil von mindestens einem Drittel im ärztlichen Op.-Team war in einer großen retrospektiven Studie aus Kanada mit einer signifikanten Reduktion der postoperativen Morbidität assoziiert.

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen
Bildnachweise