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CNS Drugs
Erschienen in: CNS Drugs 3/2006

01.03.2006 | Review Article

Ketamine

From Medicine to Misuse

verfasst von: Dr Kim Wolff, Adam R. Winstock

Erschienen in: CNS Drugs | Ausgabe 3/2006

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Abstract

This review describes the medical, research and recreational uses of ketamine, an anaesthetic derivative of phencyclidine that has dissociative, analgesic and psychedelic properties. Ketamine has a complex mechanism of action that is further complicated by stereoselectivity; however, antagonism of glutamate NDMA receptors is thought to underlie its analgesic, dissociative and neuroprotective effects.
While ketamine use in medical and veterinary settings is well documented and has a good safety record, the increase in its unregulated use outside of such controlled environments is a cause for concern. The impact on higher centres in the brain, particularly altered perception of auditory, visual and painful stimuli, results in a general lack of responsive awareness that puts the recreational user at (often unrecognised) risk of personal harm. The perceptual and mood changes observed in those who have consumed ketamine are highly sensitive to age, dose, route of administration, previous experience and setting. At low doses, stimulant effects predominate and the effect of environmental conditions are significant; with higher doses, psychedelic effects predominate and the effect of the environment diminishes. The potential of ketamine as a novel clinical and research tool is matched by its abuse potential outside medical settings.
Fußnoten
1
The use of trade names is for product identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement.
 
2
‘Emergence phenomena’ is the term used to describe recovery (waking up) from anaesthesia following the administration of a drug. In the case of ketamine, the emergence phenomena involve psychological manifestations, which vary in severity from pleasant dream-like states to vivid imagery to hallucinations and emergence delirium. In some cases, these states are accompanied by confusion, excitement and irrational behaviour.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Ketamine
From Medicine to Misuse
verfasst von
Dr Kim Wolff
Adam R. Winstock
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2006
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
CNS Drugs / Ausgabe 3/2006
Print ISSN: 1172-7047
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-1934
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200620030-00003

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