nach oben

Drugs

Erschienen in:

01.08.2001 | Leading Article

Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Progression of Heart Failure

Potential Therapeutic Implications

verfasst von: Dr Yun You Li, Arthur M. Feldman

Erschienen in: Drugs | Ausgabe 9/2001

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of functionally related zinc-containing enzymes that denature and degrade fibrillar collagens and other components of the extracellular matrix. Myocardial extracellular matrix remodelling and fibrosis regulated by MMPs are believed to be important contributors to the progression of heart failure. The role of MMPs in cardiac fibrosis and the progression of heart failure, along with the possibility of halting the progression of heart failure by modulating extracellular matrix remodelling are important issues under intense study.

MMPs are increased in the failing hearts of both animal models and patients with heart failure. MMP inhibition may therefore modulate extracellular matrix remodelling and the progression of heart failure. It is a great advantage that various MMP inhibitors have been developed initially for the treatment of cancer, arthritis and other diseases believed to be associated with increased MMP activity. Several preclinical studies have shown that treatment of heart failure in animal models with MMP inhibitors results in less collagen matrix damage, favourable extracellular matrix remodelling, and improved cardiac structure and function. The results suggest that modulation of MMP activity can prevent myocardial dysfunction and the progression of heart failure through alterations in the remodelling process of extracellular matrix and the left ventricle.

Although these promising results suggest potential benefits of MMP inhibition for human heart failure, no clinical data evaluating MMP inhibitors in heart failure have been reported. As the preclinical evidence continues to grow and the potential of MMP inhibition for the treatment of heart failure continues to unfold, MMP inhibition may prove to be an effective treatment for heart failure.

Cintron G, Johnson G, Francis G, et al. Prognostic significance of serial changes in left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with congestive heart failure. The V-HeFT VA Cooperative Studies Group. Circulation 1993; 87 (6 Suppl.): VI17–23PubMed

Mukherjee D, Sen S. Collagen phenotypes during development and regression of myocardial hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Circ Res 1990; 67(6): 1474–80PubMedCrossRef

Mukherjee D, Sen S. Alteration of collagen phenotypes in ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest 1991; 88(4): 1141–6PubMedCrossRef

Norton GR, Tsotetsi J, Trifunovic B, et al. Myocardial stiffness is attributed to alterations in cross-linked collagen rather than total collagen or phenotypes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Circulation 1997; 96(6): 1991–8PubMedCrossRef

Woodiwiss AJ, Tsotetsi OJ, Sprott S, et al. Reduction in myocardial collagen cross-linking parallels left ventricular dilatation in rat models of systolic chamber dysfunction. Circulation 2001; 103(1): 155–60PubMedCrossRef

Li YY, Feng YQ, Kadokami T, et al. Myocardial extracellular matrix remodeling in transgenic mice overexpressing tumor necrosis factor alpha can be modulated by antitumor necrosis factor alpha therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97(23): 12746–51PubMedCrossRef

Weber KT, Sun Y, Tyagi SC, et al. Collagen network of the myocardium: function, structural remodeling and regulatory mechanisms. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1994; 26(3): 279–92PubMedCrossRef

Tyagi SC, Campbell SE, Reddy HK, et al. Matrix metallo-proteinase activity expression in infarcted, noninfarcted and dilated cardiomyopathic human hearts. Mol Cell Biochem 1996; 155(1): 13–21PubMedCrossRef

Li YY, Feldman AM, Sun Y, et al. Differential expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in the failing human heart. Circulation 1998; 98(17): 1728–34PubMedCrossRef

10.

Thomas CV, Coker ML, Zellner JL, et al. Increased matrix metalloproteinase activity and selective upregulation in LV myocardium from patients with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 1998; 97(17): 1708–15PubMedCrossRef

11.

Lijnen HR, Silence J, Lemmens G, et al. Regulation of gelatinase activity in mice with targeted inactivation of components of the plasminogen/plasmin system. Thromb Haemost 1998; 79(6): 1171–6PubMed

12.

Woessner Jr JF. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition. From the Jurassic to the third millennium. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 878: 388–403PubMedCrossRef

13.

Woessner Jr JF,. Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in connective tissue remodeling. FASEB J 1991; 5(8): 2145–54PubMed

14.

Dollery CM, McEwan JR, Henney AM. Matrix metalloproteinases and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 1995; 77(5): 863–8PubMedCrossRef

15.

Janicki JS. Collagen degradation in the heart. In: Eghbali-Webb M, editor. Molecular biology of collagen matrix in the heart. Austin (TX): R.G. Landes Company, 1995: 61–76

16.

Stetler-Stevenson WG. Dynamics of matrix turnover during pathologic remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Am J Pathol 1996; 148(5): 1345–50PubMed

17.

Lee E, Vaughan DE, Parikh SH, et al. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 synthesis by plasminogen in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 1996; 78(1): 44–9PubMedCrossRef

18.

Nagase H. Activation mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinases. Biol Chem 1997; 378(3-4): 151–60PubMed

19.

Maquart FX, Pickart L, Laurent M, et al. Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+. FEBS Lett 1988; 238(2): 343–6PubMedCrossRef

20.

Li YY, McTiernan CF, Feldman AM. Interplay of matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and their regulators in cardiac matrix remodeling. Cardiovasc Res 2000; 46: 214–24PubMedCrossRef

21.

Coker ML, Doscher MA, Thomas CV, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase synthesis and expression in isolated LV myocyte preparations. Am J Physiol 1999; 277 (2 Pt 2): H777–87PubMed

22.

Tyagi SC, Ratajska A, Weber KT. Myocardial matrix metalloproteinase(s): localization and activation. Mol Cell Biochem 1993; 126(1): 49–59PubMedCrossRef

23.

Botos I, Scapozza L, Zhang D, et al. Batimastat, a potent matrix mealloproteinase inhibitor, exhibits an unexpected mode of binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93(7): 2749–54PubMedCrossRef

24.

Bode W, Gomis-Ruth FX, Stockier W. Astacins, serralysins, snake venom and matrix metalloproteinases exhibit identical zinc-binding environments (HEXXHXXGXXH and Met-turn) and topologies and should be grouped into a common family, the ‘metzincins’. FEBS Lett 1993; 331(1-2): 134–40PubMedCrossRef

25.

Schechter I, Berger A. On the size of the active site in proteases. I. Papain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1967; 27(2): 157–62PubMedCrossRef

26.

Birkedal-Hansen H, Moore WG, Bodden MK, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases: a review. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1993; 4(2): 197–250PubMed

27.

Ries C, Petrides PE. Cytokine regulation of matrix metalloproteinase activity and its regulatory dysfunction in disease. Biol Chem 1995; 376(6): 345–55

28.

Van Wart HE, Birkedal-Hansen H. The cysteine switch: a principle of regulation of metalloproteinase activity with potential applicability to the entire matrix metalloproteinase gene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87(14): 5578–82PubMedCrossRef

29.

Goldberg GI, Mariner BL, Grant GA, et al. Human 72-kilodalton type IV collagenase forms a complex with a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases designated TIMP-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci US A 1989; 86(21): 8207–11CrossRef

30.

Knauper V, Murphy G. Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases and cell surface-associated activation cascades for matrix metalloproteinases. In: Parks WC, Mecham RP, editors. Matrix metalloproteinases. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998: 357

31.

Lokeshwar BL, Selzer MG, Block NL, et al. Secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases) by human prostate in expiant cultures: reduced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase secretion by malignant tissues. Cancer Res 1993; 53(19): 4493–8PubMed

32.

Heath EI, Grochow LB. Clinical potential of matrix metalloprotease inhibitors in cancer therapy. Drugs 2000; 59(5): 1043–55PubMedCrossRef

33.

Milani S, Herbst H, Schuppan D, et al. Differential expression of matrix-metalloproteinase-1 and -2 genes in normal and fibrotic human liver. Am J Pathol 1994; 144(3): 528–37PubMed

34.

Ahrens D, Koch AE, Pope RM, et al. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (96-kd gelatinase B) in human rheumatoid arthritis. Arth Rheumat 1996; 39(9): 1576–87CrossRef

35.

Luttun A, Dewerchin M, Collen D, et al. The role of proteinases in angiogenesis, heart development, restenosis, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, and stroke: insights from genetic studies. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2000; 2(5): 407–16PubMedCrossRef

36.

Spinale FG, Coker ML, Thomas CV, et al. Time-dependent changes in matrix metalloproteinase activity and expression during the progression of congestive heart failure: relation to ventricular and myocyte function. Circ Res 1998; 82(4): 482–95PubMedCrossRef

37.

Coker ML, Thomas CV, Clair MJ, et al. Myocardial matrix metalloproteinase activity and abundance with congestive heart failure. Am J Physiol 1998; 274 (5 Pt 2): H1516–23PubMed

38.

Peterson JT, Li H, Dillon L, et al. Evolution of matrix metalloprotease and tissue inhibitor expression during heart failure progression in the infarcted rat. Cardiovasc Res 2000; 46(2): 307–15PubMedCrossRef

39.

Gardi C, Calzoni P, Marcolongo P, et al. Collagen breakdown products and lung collagen metabolism: an in vitro study on fibroblast cultures. Thorax 1994; 49(4): 312–8PubMedCrossRef

40.

Taipale J, Keski-Oja J. Growth factors in the extracellular matrix. FASEB J 1997; 11(1): 51–9PubMed

41.

Kim HE, Dalai SS, Young E, et al. Disruption of the myocardial extracellular matrix leads to cardiac dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2000; 106(7): 857–66PubMedCrossRef

42.

Heymans S, Luttun A, Nuyens D, et al. Inhibition of plasminogen activators or matrix metalloproteinases prevents cardiac rupture but impairs therapeutic angiogenesis and causes cardiac failure. Nat Med 1999; 5(10): 1135–42PubMedCrossRef

43.

Li YY, McTiernan CF, Moravec CS, et al. The activated matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the failing human heart is suppressed by LVAD support. Circulation 1999; 100 (18 S): I–560

44.

Weber KT. Cardiac interstitium in health and disease: the fibrillar collagen network. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 13: 1637–52PubMedCrossRef

45.

Borg TK, Burgess ML. Holding it all together: organization and function(s) of the extracellular matrix of the heart. Heart Failure 1993; 8: 230–8

46.

Factor SM. Role of extracellular matrix in dilated cardiomyopathy. Heart Failure 1994; 9: 260–8

47.

Boluyt MO, Bing OH, Lakatta EG. The ageing spontaneously hypertensive rat as a model of the transition from stable compensated hypertrophy to heart failure. Eur Heart J 1995; 16 Suppl. N: 19–30PubMedCrossRef

48.

Janicki JS, Brower GL, Henegar JR, et al. Ventricular remodeling in heart failure: the role of myocardial collagen. Adv Exp Med Biol 1995; 382: 239–45PubMedCrossRef

49.

Rossi MA, Abreu MA, Santoro LB. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Connective tissue skeleton of the human heart: a demonstration by cell-maceration scanning electron microscope method. Circulation 1998; 97(9): 934–5PubMedCrossRef

50.

Mann DL, Spinale FG. Activation of matrix metalloproteinases in the failing human heart: breaking the tie that binds. Circulation 1998; 98(17): 1699–702PubMedCrossRef

51.

Gunja-Smith Z, Morales AR, Romanelli R, et al. Remodeling of human myocardial collagen in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Role of metalloproteinases and pyridinoline crosslinks. Am J Pathol 1996; 148(5): 1639–48PubMed

52.

Weber KT, Pick R, Janicki JS, et al. Inadequate collagen tethers in dilated cardiopathy. Am Heart J 1988; 116 (6 Pt 1): 1641–6PubMedCrossRef

53.

Spinale FG, Tomita M, Zellner JL, et al. Collagen remodeling and changes in LV function during development and recovery from supraventricular tachycardia. Am J Physiol 1991; 261 (2 Pt 2):H308–18PubMed

54.

Tyagi SC, Bheemanathini VS, Mandi D, et al. Role of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases in cardiac remodeling. Heart Failure Rev 1996; 1(1): 73–80CrossRef

55.

Spinale FG, Coker ML, Krombach SR, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition during the development of congestive heart failure: effects on left ventricular dimensions and function. Circ Res 1999; 85(4): 364–76PubMedCrossRef

56.

Tyagi SC, Kumar SG, Alla SR, et al. Extracellular matrix regulation of metalloproteinase and antiproteinase in human heart fibroblast cells. J Cell Physiol 1996; 167(1): 137–47PubMedCrossRef

57.

Cleutjens JP, Kandala JC, Guarda E, et al. Regulation of collagen degradation in the rat myocardium after infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1995; 27(6): 1281–92PubMedCrossRef

58.

Weber KT, Pick R, Silver MA, et al. Fibrillar collagen and remodeling of dilated canine left ventricle. Circulation 1990; 82(4): 1387–401PubMedCrossRef

59.

Takahashi S, Barry AC, Factor SM. Collagen degradation in ischaemic rat hearts. Biochem J 1990; 265(1): 233–41PubMed

60.

Brilla CG, Maisch B, Weber KT. Renin-angiotensin system and myocardial collagen matrix remodeling in hypertensive heart disease: in vivo and in vitro studies on collagen matrix regulation. Clin Investigator 1993; 71 (5 Suppl.): S35–41

61.

Swan HJ. Left ventricular dysfunction in ischemic heart disease: fundamental importance of the fibrous matrix. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1994; 8 Suppl. 2: 305–12PubMedCrossRef

62.

Kubota T, McTiernan CF, Frye CS, et al. Dilated cardiomyopathy in transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Circ Res 1997; 81(4): 627–35PubMedCrossRef

63.

Li H, Simon H, Bocan TM, et al. MMP/TIMP expression in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats: the effect of ACE- and MMP-inhibition. Cardiovasc Res 2000; 46(2): 298–306PubMedCrossRef

64.

D’ Armiento JM, Kim HE, O’Byrne TK, et al. Myocardial over-expression of collagenase in the transgenic mouse produces left ventricular hypertrophy and hypercontractility. Circulation 1997; 96 (8S): 1–520

65.

Ducharme A, Frantz S, Aikawa M, et al. Targeted deletion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 attenuates left ventricular enlargement and collagen accumulation after experimental myocardial infarction. J Clin Invest 2000; 106(1): 55–62PubMedCrossRef

66.

Whittaker P. Unravelling the mysteries of collagen and cicatrix after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 1995; 29(6): 758–62PubMed

67.

Weber KT. Extracellular matrix remodeling in heart failure — a role for de novo angiotensin II generation. Circulation 1997; 96(11): 4065–82PubMedCrossRef

68.

Chapman D, Weber KT, Eghbali M. Regulation of fibrillar collagen types I and III and basement membrane type IV collagen gene expression in pressure overloaded rat myocardium. Circ Res 1990; 67(4): 787–94PubMedCrossRef

69.

Weber KT, Janicki JS, Shroff SG, et al. Collagen remodeling of the pressure-overloaded, hypertrophied nonhuman primate myocardium. Circ Res 1988; 62(4): 757–65PubMedCrossRef

70.

Bishop JE, Greenbaum R, Gibson DG, et al. Enhanced deposition of predominantly type I collagen in myocardial disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1990; 22(10): 1157–65PubMedCrossRef

71.

Beltrami CA, Finato N, Rocco M, et al. Structural basis of end-stage failure in ischemic cardiomyopathy in humans. Circulation 1994; 89(1): 151–63PubMedCrossRef

72.

Janicki JS, Matsubara BB, Kabour A. Myocardial collagen and its functional role. Adv Exp Med Biol 1993; 346: 291–8PubMedCrossRef

73.

Brilla CG, Matsubara L, Weber KT. Advanced hypertensive heart disease in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Lisinopril-mediated regression of myocardial fibrosis. Hypertension 1996; 28(2): 269–75PubMedCrossRef

74.

Dixon IMC, Ju HS, Reid NL, et al. Cardiac collagen remodeling in the cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster and the effect of losartan. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1997; 29(7): 1837–50PubMedCrossRef

75.

Lee RT, Libby P. Matrix metalloproteinases: not-so-innocent bystanders in heart failure. J Clin Invest 2000; 106(7): 827–8PubMedCrossRef

76.

Li YY, McTiernan CF, Feldman AM. Proinflammatory cytokines regulate tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and disintegrin metalloproteinase in cardiac cells. Cardiovasc Res 1999; 42: 162–72PubMedCrossRef

77.

Lefebvre V, Peeters-Joris C, Vaes G. Production of gelatin-degrading matrix metalloproteinases (‘type IV collagenases’) and inhibitors by articular chondrocytes during their dedifferentiation by serial subcultures and under stimulation by interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Biochim Biophys Acta 1991; 1094(1): 8–18PubMedCrossRef

78.

Alvarez RJ, Miyagishima M, Kubota T, et al. Elevation of myocardial cytokine expresison in end-stage heart failure and effect of LVAD support. Circulation 2000; 102(18): 11–501

79.

Bozkurt B, Torre-Amione B, Deswal A, et al. Regression of left ventricular remodeling in chronic heart failure after treatment with ENBREL® (Etanercept, p75 TNF receptor Fc fusion protein) [abstract]. Circulation 1999; 100(18 S): I–645

80.

Li YY, Feng YQ, Kadokami T, et al. MMP inhibition prevents myocardial fibrosis and improves myocardial function and survival in a transgenic model of heart failure. Circulation 2000; 102(18): 11–132

81.

Irizarry E, Newman KM, Gandhi RH, et al. Demonstration of interstitial collagenase in abdominal aortic aneurysm disease. J Surg Res 1993; 54(6): 571–4PubMedCrossRef

82.

Bigatel DA, Elmore JR, Carey DJ, et al. The matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BB-94 limits expansion of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 1999; 29(1): 130–8PubMedCrossRef

83.

George SJ, Lloyd CT, Angelini GD, et al. Inhibition of late vein graft neointima formation in human and porcine models by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3. Circulation 2000; 101(3): 296–304PubMedCrossRef

84.

Prescott MF, Sawyer WK, Von Linden-Reed J, et al. Effect of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition on progression of atherosclerosis and aneurysm in LDL receptor-deficient mice over-expressing MMP-3, MMP-12, and MMP-13 and on restenosis in rats after balloon injury. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 878: 179–90PubMedCrossRef

85.

Lovdahl C, Thyberg J, Hultgardh-Nilsson A. The synthetic metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat suppresses injuryinduced phosphorylation of MAP kinase ERK1/ERK2 and phenotypic modification of arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro. J Vasc Res 2000; 37(5): 345–54PubMedCrossRef

86.

George SJ. Therapeutic potential of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in atherosclerosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2000; 9(5): 993–1007PubMedCrossRef

87.

de Smet BJ, de Kleijn D, Hanemaaijer R, et al. Metalloproteinase inhibition reduces constrictive arterial remodeling after balloon angioplasty: a study in the atherosclerotic Yucatan micropig. Circulation 2000; 101(25): 2962–7PubMedCrossRef

88.

Greenwald RA. Thirty-six years in the clinic without an MMP inhibitor. What hath collagenase wrought? Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 878: 413–9CrossRef

89.

Skotnicki JS, Zask A, Nelson FC, et al. Design and synthetic considerations of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 878: 61–72PubMedCrossRef

90.

De B, Natchus MG, Cheng M, et al. The next generation of MMP inhibitors. Design and synthesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 878: 40–60PubMedCrossRef

91.

Golub LM, Ramamurthy NS, Llavaneras A, et al. A chemically modified nonantimicrobial tetracycline (CMT-8) inhibits gingival matrix metalloproteinases, periodontal breakdown, and extraoral bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 878: 290–310PubMedCrossRef

92.

McElmurray III JH, Mukherjee R, New RB, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition with developing heart failure: comparative effects on left ventricular function and geometry. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999; 291(2): 799–811PubMed

93.

Weber KT, Brilla CG, Campbell SE, et al. Pathologie hypertrophy with fibrosis: the structural basis for myocardial failure. Blood Pressure 1992; 1(2): 75–85PubMedCrossRef

94.

Nelson KM, Yeager BF. What is the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in congestive heart failure and after myocardial infarction? Ann Pharmacother 1996; 30(9): 986–93PubMed

95.

Rohde LE, Ducharme A, Arroyo LH, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition attenuates early left ventricular enlargement after experimental myocardial infarction in mice. Circulation 1999; 99(23): 3063–70PubMedCrossRef

96.

Gurbanov KG, Bergquist E, Engblom L, et al. Effects of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, PNU171829, on heart function, late cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy in rats with experimental congestive heart failure [abstract]. Circulation 1999; 100 (18 S): I–705

97.

Wang X, Fu X, Brown PD, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BB-94 (batimastat) inhibits human colon tumor growth and spread in a patient-like orthotopic model in nude mice. Cancer Res 1994; 54(17): 4726–8PubMed

98.

Zervos EE, Shafii AE, Rosemurgy AS. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition selectively decreases type II MMP activity in a murine model of pancreatic cancer. J Surg Res 1999; 81(1): 65–8PubMedCrossRef

99.

Haq M, Shafii A, Zervos EE, et al. Addition of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition to conventional cytotoxic therapy reduces tumor implantation and prolongs survival in a murine model of human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 2000; 60(12): 3207–11PubMed

100.

Brown PD. Synthetic Inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. In: Parks WC, Mecham RP, editors. Matrix metalloproteinases. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998: 243–61CrossRef

101.

Wojtowicz-Praga SM, Dickson RB, Hawkins MJ. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. InvestNew Drugs 1997; 15(1): 61–75CrossRef

102.

Abbruzzese TA, Guzman RJ, Martin RL, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition limits arterial enlargements in a rodent arteriovenous fistula model. Surgery 1998; 124(2): 328–34PubMedCrossRef

103.

Karwowski JK, Markezich A, Whitson J, et al. Dose-dependent limitation of arterial enlargement by the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor RS-113,456. J Surg Res 1999; 87(1): 122–9PubMedCrossRef

104.

Levin JI, DiJoseph JF, Killar LM, et al. The synthesis and biological activity of a novel series of diazepine MMP inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8(19): 2657–62PubMedCrossRef

105.

Shalinsky DR, Brekken J, Zou H, et al. Broad antitumor and antiangiogenic activities of AG3340, a potent and selective MMP inhibitor undergoing advanced oncology clinical trials. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 878: 236–70PubMedCrossRef

106.

Natchus MG, Bookland RG, De B, et al. Development of new hydroxamate matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors derived from functionalized 4-aminoprolines. J Med Chem 2000; 43(26): 4948–63PubMedCrossRef

107.

Tamura Y, Watanabe F, Nakatani T, et al. Highly selective and orally active inhibitors of type IV collagenase (MMP-9 and MMP-2): N-sulfonylamino acid derivatives. J Med Chem 1998; 41(4): 640–9PubMedCrossRef

108.

Bender SL, Castelhano AL, Chong WKM, et al. Metalloproteinase inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their use. United States Patent 1999; # 6,008,243: Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Syntex (USA), Inc

109.

Leff RL. Clinical trials of a stromelysin inhibitor. Osteoarthritis, matrix metalloproteinase inhibition, cartilage loss, surrogate markers, and clinical implications. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 878: 201–7PubMedCrossRef

110.

Curtin ML, Florjancic AS, Heyman HR, et al. Discovery and characterisation of the potent, selective and orally bioavailable MMP inhibitor ABT-770. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 11(12): 1557–60CrossRef

111.

Hanemaaijer R, Visser H, Koolwijk P, et al. Inhibition of MMP synthesis by doxycycline and chemically modified tetracy-clines (CMTs) in human endothelial cells. Adv Dent Res 1998; 12(2): 114–8PubMedCrossRef

112.

Smith Jr GN, Mickler EA, Hasty KA, et al. Specificity of inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity by doxycycline: relationship to structure of the enzyme. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42(6): 1140–6PubMedCrossRef

113.

Witte MB, Thornton FJ, Kiyama T, et al. Metalloproteinase inhibitors and wound healing: a novel enhancer of wound strength. Surgery 1998; 124(2): 464–70PubMedCrossRef

114.

Rasmus sen HS, McCann PP. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition as a novel anticancer strategy: a review with special focus on batimastat and marimastat. Pharmacol Ther 1997; 75(1): 69–75CrossRef

115.

Cawston TE, Rowan A. Prevention of cartilage breakdown by matrix metalloproteinase inhibition — a realistic therapeutic target? Br J Rheumatol 1998; 37(4): 353–6PubMedCrossRef

116.

Vieillard-Baron A, Frisdal E, Eddahibi S, et al. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases by lung TIMP-1 gene transfer or doxycycline aggravates pulmonary hypertension in rats. Circ Res 2000; 87(5): 418–25PubMedCrossRef

117.

Sierevogel MJ, Pasterkamp G, Velema E, et al. Oral matrix metalloproteinase inhibition and arterial remodeling after balloon dilation: an intravascular ultrasound study in the pig. Circulation 2001; 103(2): 302–7PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Progression of Heart Failure
Potential Therapeutic Implications
verfasst von: Dr Yun You Li
Arthur M. Feldman
Publikationsdatum: 01.08.2001
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Drugs / Ausgabe 9/2001
Print ISSN: 0012-6667
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-1950
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200161090-00002

Die Highlights vom Kongress des American College of Cardiology 2024

Springer Medizin

Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Progression of Heart Failure

Potential Therapeutic Implications

Abstract

Die Highlights vom Kongress des American College of Cardiology 2024

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2001

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin

Management of AIDS-Related Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin

Inhaled Mometasone Furoate

Changing Approaches to Asthma Management in Australia