Screening for Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa—A Monocentric Study in Germany
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Personal and Diabetes Mellitus-Specific Characteristics
2.2. Differences between HS Patients with and without DM
2.3. Identification of HS Patients with a High Risk for DM
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value (s) | |
---|---|---|
Sex, n (%) | Female | 46 (46.5) |
Male | 53 (53.5) | |
Age, mean (± SD), y | 41.6 (±13) | |
Age of HS onset, median (IQR), y | 20 (17–30) | |
Disease duration, median (IQR), y | 13 (7–25) | |
BMI, mean (± SD), kg/m2 | 31.5 (±6.7) | |
Family history of HS, n (%) | Positive | 31 (31.3) |
Negative | 68 (78.7) | |
Smoker, n (%) | Current smoker | 63 (64.9) |
Ex-smokers | 3 (3.1) | |
Non-smoker | 31 (32) | |
Therapy with TNF-α inhibitor, n (%) | Current therapy | 14 (14.1) |
Never | 77 (77.8) | |
Discontinued therapy | 8 (8.1) | |
Prediabetes, n (%) | Total | 23 (23.2) |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | Total | 20 (20.2) |
Male | 14 (70) | |
Female | 6 (30) | |
Fasting blood glucose level, median (IQR), mg/dL | No diabetes mellitus | 92 (86–96) |
Prediabetes | 100 (88–116) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 137 (83–182) | |
Glycated hemoglobin, median (IQR), % | No diabetes mellitus | 5.2 (5–5.4) |
Prediabetes | 5.8 (5.7–6) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 7.8 (6.9–8.9) | |
Prevalence of DM using Hurley classification, n (%) | Hurley I | 0 (0) |
Hurley II | 6 (13) | |
Hurley III | 14 (31.1) | |
Type of DM, n (%) | Type 1 DM | 1 (5) |
Type 2 DM | 19 (95) | |
Type 3 DM | 0 (0) | |
Type 4 DM | 0 (0) | |
Diabetes cluster according to ANDIS [11] | Cluster 1 SAID | 0 (0) |
Cluster 1 LADA | 1 (5) | |
Cluster 2 SIDD | 3 (15) | |
Cluster 3 MOD | 15 (75) | |
Cluster 4 MARD | 0 (0) | |
Cluster 5 SIRD | 0 (0) | |
Insulin-dependent DM, n (%) | 3 (15) | |
Antidiabetic medication, n (%) | No previous therapy | 4 (20) |
No therapy necessary | 2 (10) | |
Insulin therapy | 3 (15) | |
Biguanides (metformin) | 8 (40) | |
GLP-1 receptor agonists | 3 (15) | |
SGLT-2 inhibitors | 2 (10) | |
DPP-4 inhibitor | 1 (5) | |
Initial diagnosis of DM, n (of all in %/DM patients in %) | 4 (4/20) |
Parameters | All Patients | HS Patients without DM | HS Patients with DM | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male vs. female, n (%) | 53 (53.5) vs. 46 (46.5) | 39 (49.4) vs. 40 (50.6) | 14 (70) vs. 6 (30) | 0.1 |
Age, mean (±SD), y | 41.6 (±13) | 39.6 (±12.7) | 49.7 (±11) | 0.001 ** |
Age of onset, median (IQR), y | 20 (17–30) | 20 (16–28) | 23.5 (18–46.8) | 0.16 |
Disease duration, median (IQR), y | 13 (7–25) | 13 (7–24) | 19 (6.5–29.8) | 0.3 |
BMI, mean (±SD), kg/m2 | 31.5 (±6.7) | 30.6 (±6.6) | 34.8 (±6.1) | 0.008** |
Positive family history of HS, n (%) | 31 (31.3) | 27 (34.2) | 4 (20) | 0.22 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 63 (63.6) | 50 (63.3) | 13 (65) | 0.74 |
Hurley III, n (%) | 45 (45.5) | 31 (39.2) | 14 (70) | 0.01 * |
mHSS, median (IQR) | 40 (21–72) | 33 (21–64) | 64 (32.8–99.3) | 0.03 * |
DLQI, median (IQR) | 13 (6.8–19.3) | 12 (5.8–18.3) | 16 (11.3–21.5) | 0.09 |
Number of episodes in last 4 weeks, median (IQR) | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–3) | 1.5 (0–3) | 0.18 |
Pain during visit (NRS), median (IQR) | 2 (0–6) | 2 (0–5) | 4 (0–7.8) | 0.26 |
Glycated hemoglobin, median, IQR, % | 5.5 (5.1–5.9) | 5.4 (5.1–5.7) | 7.6 (6.5–8.4) | <0.001 *** |
Hypertension, n (%) | 33 (33.3) | 23 (29.1) | 10 (50) | 0.08 |
Hypothyroidism, n (%) | 18 (18.2) | 12 (15.2) | 6 (30) | 0.13 |
Psoriasis, n (%) | 4 (4) | 2 (2) | 2 (10) | 0.14 |
Acne vulgaris/conglobata, n (%) | 15 (15.2) | 13 (16.5) | 2 (10) | 0.47 |
PCOS, n (%) | 3 (3) | 3 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 0.38 |
Current adalimumab, n (%) | 14 (14.1) | 11 (13.9) | 3 (15) | 0.9 |
Parameters | r | p Value |
---|---|---|
Male | 0.31 | 0.002 ** |
Age | 0.43 | <0.001 *** |
Disease duration | 0.13 | 0.2 |
BMI | 0.42 | <0.001 *** |
Positive family history of HS | −0.003 | >0.9 |
Current smoker | 0.09 | 0.4 |
Hurley III | 0.3 | 0.002 ** |
mHSS | 0.28 | 0.005 ** |
DLQI | 0.22 | 0.03 * |
Hypertension | 0.22 | 0.03 * |
Hypothyroidism | −0.04 | 0.7 |
Psoriasis | 0.13 | 0.2 |
Acne vulgaris/conglobata | −0.06 | 0.6 |
PCOS | −0.11 | 0.3 |
Current adalimumab | −0.14 | 0.17 |
Parameters | Odds Ratio (OR) | 95% Confidence Interval (CI) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Male | 2.6 | 0.71–9.2 | 0.2 |
Age | 1.1 | 1.03–1.16 | 0.005 ** |
BMI | 1.2 | 1.02–1.25 | 0.019 * |
Hurley III | 5.3 | 1.01–27.9 | 0.048 * |
mHSS | 0.99 | 0.96–1.01 | 0.22 |
DLQI | 1.03 | 0.95–1.11 | 0.47 |
Hypertension | 0.72 | 0.18–2.8 | 0.6 |
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Abu Rached, N.; Gambichler, T.; Ocker, L.; Dietrich, J.W.; Quast, D.R.; Sieger, C.; Seifert, C.; Scheel, C.; Bechara, F.G. Screening for Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa—A Monocentric Study in Germany. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 6596. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076596
Abu Rached N, Gambichler T, Ocker L, Dietrich JW, Quast DR, Sieger C, Seifert C, Scheel C, Bechara FG. Screening for Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa—A Monocentric Study in Germany. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(7):6596. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076596
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbu Rached, Nessr, Thilo Gambichler, Lennart Ocker, Johannes W. Dietrich, Daniel R. Quast, Christina Sieger, Caroline Seifert, Christina Scheel, and Falk G. Bechara. 2023. "Screening for Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa—A Monocentric Study in Germany" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7: 6596. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076596