Background
Methods
Registers
Diagnoses
Definitions
Statistical analyses
Ethical approval
Results
Univariate and bivariate analyses
ICD-chapter | ICD-10 code |
---|---|
I Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | A00-B99 |
II Neoplasms | C00-D48 |
III Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism | D50-D89 |
IV Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | E00-E90 |
V Mental and behavioral disorders | F00-F99 |
VI Diseases of the nervous system | G00-G99 |
VII Diseases of the eye and adnexa | H00-H59 |
VIII Diseases of the ear and mastoid process | H60-H95 |
IX Diseases of the circulatory system | I00-I99 |
X Diseases of the respiratory system | J00-J99 |
XI Diseases of the digestive system | K00-K93 |
XII Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | L00-L99 |
XIII Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | M00-M99 |
XIV Diseases of the genitourinary system | N00-N99 |
XV Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium | O00-O99 |
XVI Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period | P00-P96 |
XVII Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities | Q00-Q99 |
XVIII Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | R00-R99 |
XIX Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | S00-S99 T00-T98 |
Total | Maternal age | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
n =23 772 | ≤39 years n = 15 569 | ≥40 years n = 8203 | ||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p-value | |
Maternal age | NA | |||
≤39 years | 15 569 (65.5) | - | - | |
≥40 years | 8203 (34.5) | - | - | |
Civil status | <.001 | |||
Married/cohabiting | 20 767 (87.4) | 13 877 (89.1) | 6890 (84.0) | |
Single status at registration | 3005 (12.6) | 1692 (10.9) | 1313 (16.0) | |
Maternal educational level | <.001 | |||
Elementary | 2611 (11.2) | 1948 (12.7) | 663 (8.3) | |
High school | 6245 (40.7) | 6245 (40.7) | 2951 (36.8) | |
College/University | 7156 (46.6) | 7156 (46.6) | 4400 (54.9) | |
Nicotine use during pregnancy | <.001 | |||
No | 20 289 (90.0) | 13 268 (89.5) | 7021 (91.2) | |
Yes | 2242 (10.0) | 1564 (10.5) | 678 (8.8) | |
Gender | .772 | |||
Boy | 12 361 (52.0) | 8085 (51.9) | 4276 (52.1) | |
Girl | 11 411 (48.0) | 7484 (48.1) | 3927 (47.9) | |
Assisted reproductive technologya | <.001 | |||
No | 22 577 (95.0) | 15 095 (97.0) | 7482 (91.2) | |
Yes | 1195 (5.0) | 474 (3.0) | 721 (8.8) | |
Gestational age | .020 | |||
Born at term | 22 185 (93.4) | 14 573 (93.7) | 7612 (92.9) | |
Born pretermb | 1570 (6.6) | 986 (6.3) | 584 (7.1) | |
Birthweight | .013 | |||
Normal birthweight | 22 611 (95.3) | 14 846 (95.5) | 7765 (94.8) | |
Low birthweightc | 1122 (4.7) | 696 (4.5) | 426 (5.2) | |
Size for gestational age | <.001 | |||
Average for gestational age | 22 273 (93.7) | 15 288 (98.2) | 7978 (97.3) | |
Small for gestational age | 506 (2.1) | 281 (1.8) | 225 (2.7) | |
Hospitalizations | ||||
Outpatient (median/IQR) | 2.00/5.00 | 2.00/5.00 | 2.00/5.00 | .114 |
Inpatient (median/IQR) | 0.00/1.00 | 0.00/1.00 | 0.00/1.00 | .007 |
Total (median/IQR) | 3.00/6.00 | 3.00/6.00 | 3.00/5.00 | .041 |
Outpatient visits | .743 | |||
0-10 | 21 046 (88.6) | 13 776 (88.5) | 7270 (88.6) | |
11- | 2726 (11.5) | 1793 (11.5) | 933 (11.4) | |
Inpatient visits | .203 | |||
0-1 | 20 893 (87.9) | 13 653 (87.7) | 7240 (88.6) | |
2- | 2879 (12.1) | 1916 (12.3) | 963 (11.7) |
Maternal age when born | Conceived by ARTa | Single | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤ 39 years | ≥40 years | No | Yes | No | Yes | ||||
n (%) | n (%) | P value | n (%) | n (%) | P value | n (%) | n (%) | P value | |
I Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | .506 | .001 | <.001 | ||||||
No | 11 264 (72.3) | 5968 (72.8) | 16 418 (72.7) | 814 (68.1) | 15 135 (72.9) | 2097 (69.8) | |||
Yes | 4305 (27.7) | 2235 (27.2) | 6159 (27.3) | 381 (31.9) | 5632 (27.1) | 908 (30.2) | |||
II Neoplasms | .958 | .160 | .146 | ||||||
No | 15 388 (98.8) | 8107 (98.8) | 22 319 (98.9) | 1176 (98.4) | 20 533 (98.9) | 2962 (98.6) | |||
Yes | 181 (1.2) | 96 (1.2) | 258 (1.1) | 19 (1.6) | 234 (1.1) | 43 (1.4) | |||
III Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism | .394 | .064 | .665 | ||||||
No | 15 411 (99.0) | 8110 (98.9) | 22 345 (99.0) | 1176 (98.4) | 20 550 (99.0) | 2971 (98.9) | |||
Yes | 158 (1.0) | 93 (1.1) | 232 (1.0) | 19 (1.6) | 217 (1.0) | 34 (1.1) | |||
IV endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | .082 | .521 | .830 | ||||||
No | 15 087 (96.9) | 7982 (97.3) | 21 913 (97.1) | 1156 (96.7) | 20 151 (97.0) | 2918 (97.1) | |||
Yes | 482 (3.1) | 221 (2.7) | 664 (2.9) | 39 (3.3) | 616 (3.0) | 87 (2.9) | |||
V Mental and behavioural disorders | .151 | .129 | .017 | ||||||
No | 15 138 (97.2) | 7949 (96.9) | 21 935 (97.2) | 1152 (96.4) | 20 189 (97.2) | 2898 (96.4) | |||
Yes | 431 (2.8) | 254 (3.1) | 642 (2.8) | 43 (3.6) | 578 (2.8) | 107 (3.6) | |||
VI Diseases of the nervous system | .551 | .730 | .206 | ||||||
No | 15 228 (97.8) | 8033 (97.9) | 22 090 (97.8) | 1171 (98.0) | 20 330 (97.9) | 2931 (97.5) | |||
Yes | 341 (2.2) | 170 (2.1) | 487 (2.2) | 24 (2.0) | 437 (2.1) | 74 (2.5) | |||
VII Diseases of the eye and adnexa | .183 | .045 | .126 | ||||||
No | 14 111 (90.6) | 7391 (90.1) | 20 441 (90.5) | 1061 (88.8) | 18 807 (90.6) | 2695 (89.7) | |||
Yes | 1458 (9.4) | 812 (9.9) | 2136 (9.5) | 134 (11.2) | 1960 (9.4) | 310 (10.3) | |||
VIII Diseases of the ear and mastoid process | .001 | .172 | .432 | ||||||
No | 12 311 (79.1) | 6637 (80.9) | 18 014 (79.8) | 934 (78.2) | 16 569 (79.8) | 2379 (79.2) | |||
Yes | 3258 (20.9) | 1566 (19.1) | 4563 (20.2) | 261 (21.8) | 4198 (20.2) | 626 (20.8) | |||
IX Diseases of the circulatory system | .650 | .720 | .865 | ||||||
No | 15 454 (99.3) | 8138 (99.2) | 22 405 (99.2) | 1187 (99.3) | 20 609 (99.2) | 2983 (99.3) | |||
Yes | 115 (0.7) | 65 (0.8) | 172 (0.8) | 8 (0.7) | 158 (0.8) | 22 (0.7) | |||
X Diseases of the respiratory system | <.001 | .031 | .930 | ||||||
No | 9281 (59.6) | 5150 (62.8) | 13 741 (60.9) | 690 (57.7) | 12 609 (60.7) | 1822 (60.6) | |||
Yes | 6288 (40.4) | 3053 (37.2) | 8836 (39.1) | 505 (42.3) | 8158 (39.3) | 1183 (39.4) | |||
XI Diseases of the digestive system | .807 | <.001 | .051 | ||||||
No | 13 715 (88.1) | 7235 (88.2) | 19 936 (88.3) | 1014 (84.9) | 18 334 (88.3) | 2616 (87.1) | |||
Yes | 1854 (11.9) | 968 (11.8) | 2641 (11.7) | 181 (15.1) | 2433 (11.7) | 389 (12.9) | |||
XII Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | .281 | .371 | .628 | ||||||
No | 13 601 (87.4) | 7206 (87.8) | 19 771 (87.6) | 1036 (86.7) | 18 185 (87.6) | 2622 (87.3) | |||
Yes | 1968 (12.6) | 997 (12.2) | 2806 (12.4) | 159 (13.3) | 2582 (12.4) | 383 (12.7) | |||
XIII Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | .354 | .699 | .218 | ||||||
No | 14 964 (96.1) | 7864 (95.9) | 21 683 (96.0) | 1145 (95.8) | 19 930 (96.0) | 2898 (96.4) | |||
Yes | 605 (3.9) | 339 (4.1) | 894 (4.0) | 50 (4.2) | 837 (4.0) | 107 (3.6) | |||
XIV Diseases of the genitourinary system | .894 | .305 | .398 | ||||||
No | 14 718 (94.5) | 7758 (94.6) | 21 354 (94.6) | 1122 (93.9) | 19 625 (94.5) | 2851 (94.9) | |||
Yes | 851 (5.5) | 445 (5.4) | 1223 (5.4) | 73 (6.1) | 1142 (5.5) | 154 (5.1) | |||
XVI Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period | .002 | <.001 | .063 | ||||||
No | 14 080 (90.4) | 7315 (89.2) | 20 371 (90.2) | 1024 (85.7) | 18 719 (90.1) | 2676 (89.1) | |||
Yes | 1489 (9.6) | 88 (10.8) | 2206 (9.8) | 171 (14.3) | 2048 (9.9) | 329 (10.9) | |||
XVII Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities | <.001 | .021 | .065 | ||||||
No | 14 123 (90.7) | 7324 (89.3) | 20 392 (90.3) | 1055 (88.3) | 18 764 (90.4) | 2683 (89.3) | |||
Yes | 1446 (9.3) | 879 (10.7) | 2185 (9.7) | 140 (11.7) | 2003 (9.6) | 322 (10.7) | |||
XVIII Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | .468 | <.001 | .005 | ||||||
No | 11 573 (74.3) | 6133 (74.8) | 16 869 (74.7) | 837 (70.0) | 15 531 (74.8) | 2175 (72.4) | |||
Yes | 3996 (25.7) | 2070 (25.2) | 5708 (25.3) | 358 (30.0) | 5236 (25.2) | 830 (27.6) | |||
XIX Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | .001 | .921 | .089 | ||||||
No | 11 434 (73.4) | 6182 (75.4) | 16 729 (74.1) | 887 (74.2) | 15 351 (73.9) | 2265 (75.4) | |||
Yes | 4135 (26.6) | 2021 (24.6) | 5848 (25.9) | 308 (25.8) | 5416 (26.1) | 740 (24.6) | |||
Outpatient visits | 0.743 | 0.041 | 0.004 | ||||||
0-10 | 13776 (88.5) | 7270 (88.6) | 20010 (88.6) | 1036 (86.7) | 18433 (88.8) | 2613 (87.0) | |||
11- | 1793 (11.5) | 953 (11.4) | 2567 (11.4) | 159 (13.3) | 2334 (11.2) | 392 (13.0) | |||
Inpatient visits | 0.203 | 0.194 | 0.717 | ||||||
0-1 | 13653 (87.7) | 7240 (88.3) | 19857 (88.0) | 1036 (86.7) | 18258 (87.9) | 2635 (87.7) | |||
2- | 1916 (12.3) | 964 (11.7) | 2720 (12.0) | 159 (13.3) | 2509 (12.1) | 370 (12.3) | |||
ANY MORBIDITYb | .004 | <.001 | .625 | ||||||
No | 3222 (20.7) | 1831 (22.3) | 4858 (21.5) | 195 (16.3) | 4404 (21.2) | 649 (21.6) | |||
Yes | 12 347 (79.3) | 6372 (77.7) | 17 719 (78.5) | 1000 (83.7) | 16 363 (78.8) | 2356 (78.4) | |||
ANY MORBIDITYb excl chap XVI | .002 | <.001 | .924 | ||||||
No | 3433 (22.2) | 1954 (23.8) | 5181 (22.9) | 206 (17.2) | 4704 (22.7) | 683 (22.7) | |||
Yes | 12 136 (77.9) | 6249 (76.2) | 17 369 (77.1) | 989 (82.8) | 16 063 (77.3) | 2322 (77.3) |
Multivariate analysis of morbidity up to 5 years of age
Maternal factors
Outpatient visits 0-10 vs 11- visits | Inpatient visits 0-1 vs 2 visits | Any Morbidityb (incl chap XVI) | Any Morbidityb (excl chap XVI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
Maternal age | ||||
≤39 years | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
≥40 years | 0.97 (0.89-1.06) | 0.93 (0.85-1.02) | 0.88 (0.82-0.94) | 0.88 (0.82-0.94) |
Civil status | ||||
Married/ cohabiting | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Single status at registration | 1.09 (0.94-1.27) | 0.96 (0.82-1.12) | 1.05 (0.93-1.19) | 1.06 (0.93-1.19) |
Assisted reproductive technologyc | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 1.18 (0.98-1.41) | 0.95 (0.79-1.15) | 1.39 (1.18-1.64) | 1.46 (1.24-1.71) |
Gender | ||||
Boy | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Girl | 0.66 (0.60-0.72) | 0.64 (0.59-0.70) | 0.72 (0.67-0.77) | 0.72 (0.68-0.77) |
Size for gestational age | ||||
Average for gestational age | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Small for gestational age | 1.18 (0.91-1.53) | 1.11 (0.86-1.43) | 1.03 (0.78-1.34) | 0.99 (0.77-1.27) |
Gestational age | ||||
Born at term | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Born pretermd | 1.82 (1.51-2.19) | 3.31 (2.81-3.90) | 1.98 (1.60-2.45) | 1.41 (1.17-1.70) |
Birthweight | ||||
Normal | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Low birth weighte | 1.74 (1.39-2.18) | 2.06 (1.68-2.53) | 1.48 (1.13-1.94) | 1.17 (0.93-1.48) |
Nicotine use during pregnancy | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 1.37 (1.20-1.56) | 1.17 (1.03-1.34) | 1.20 (1.07-1.35) | 1.22 (1.09-1.38) |
Educational level | ||||
Elementary | 1.31 (1.15-1.50) | 1.28 (1.11-1.46) | 1.28 (1.14-1.44) | 1.30 (1.16-1.45) |
High school | 1.14 (1.04-1.24) | 1.13 (1.03-1.24) | 1.05 (0.98-1.13) | 1.04 (0.97-1.12) |
College/ University | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Chapter I | Chapter II | Chapter III | Chapter IV | Chapter V | Chapter VI | Chapter VII | Chapter VIII | Chapter IX | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
Maternal age | |||||||||
≤39 years | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
≥40 years | 0.96 (0.90-1.03) | 1.02 (0.78-1.33) | 1.12 (0.85-1.47) | 0.84 (0.71-1.00) | 1.11 (0.94-1.31) | 0.92 (0.76-1.13) | 1.04 (0.94-1.14) | 0.90 (0.84-0.97) | 1.03 (0.74.1.43) |
Civil status | |||||||||
Married/ cohabiting | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Single status at registration | 1.18 (1.06-1.31) | 1.25 (0.82-1.91) | 1.07 (0.67-1.71) | 0.99 (0.73-1.33) | 1.33 (1.01-1.74) | 1.03 (0.74-1.44) | 1.06 (0.90-1.24) | 1.02 (0.90-1.15) | 1.01 (0.57-1.80) |
Assisted reproduction technologyb | |||||||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 1.31 (1.15-1.50) | 1.37 (0.84-2.24) | 1.51 (0.93-2.45) | 1.13 (0.80-1.59) | 1.27 (0.92-1.75) | 0.86 (0.56-1.33) | 1.14 (0.94-1.39) | 1.14 (0.99-1.33) | 0.88 (0.43-1.82) |
Gender | |||||||||
Boy | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Girl | 0.90 (0.85-0.95) | 0.86 (0.67-1.10) | 0.78 (0.60-1.01) | 0.80 (0.68-0.93) | 1.06 (0.90-1.24) | 0.81 (0.68-0.98) | 1.00 (0.91-1.09) | 0.74 (0.69-0.79) | 0.68 (0.49-0.93) |
Size for gestational age | |||||||||
Average for gestational age | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Small for gestational age | 1.23 (1.00-1.52) | 1.52 (0.73-3.18) | 1.70 (0.83-3.47) | 2.02 (1.31-3.12) | 1.37 (0.84-2.25) | 0.96 (0.56-1.65) | 1.18 (0.89-1.56) | 0.89 (0.70-1.14) | 1.83 (0.82-4.11) |
Gestational age | |||||||||
Born at term | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Born pretermc | 1.29 (1.11-1.50) | 2.04 (1.23-3.38) | 2.00 (1.19-3.39) | 2.07 (1.50-2.86) | 1.51 (1.05-2.16) | 2.09 (1.44-3.02) | 1.56 (1.27-1.92) | 1.26 (1.06-1.48) | 0.88 (0.41-1.90) |
Birthweight | |||||||||
Normal | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Low birth weightd | 1.09 (0.90-1.32) | 0.88 (0.45-1.72) | 1.06 (0.54-2.07) | 0.86 (0.56-1.32) | 1.12 (0.71-1.75) | 1.92 (1.24-2.97) | 1.71 (1.34-2.19) | 1.17 (0.95-1.44) | 2.07 (0.90-4.81)) |
Nicotine use during pregnancy | |||||||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 1.16 (1.05-1.28) | 0.94 (0.62-1.44) | 0.88 (0.56-1.39) | 0.92 (0.70-1.20) | 0.92 (0.69-1.21) | 1.34 (1.01-1.77) | 1.42 (1.23-1.63) | 1.32 (1.18-1.46) | 1.01 (0.60-1.71) |
Educational level | |||||||||
Elementary | 1.47 (1.34-1.62) | 1.30 (0.88-1.92) | 1.33 (0.89-1.98) | 1.21 (0.93-1.56) | 0.91 (0.69-1.20) | 1.15 (0.86-1.54) | 1.19 (1.03-1.38) | 1.32 (1.19-1.48) | 1.02 (0.62-1.69) |
High school | 1.11 (1.04-1.18) | 0.99 (0.75-1.30) | 0.88 (0.66-1.18) | 1.07 (0.90-1.27) | 0.91 (0.77-1.08) | 0.98 (0.80-1.20) | 1.02 (0.92-1.13) | 1.13 (1.05-1.21) | 0.86 (0.61-1.21) |
College/ University | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Chapter X | Chapter XI | Chapter XII | Chapter XIII | Chapter XIV | Chapter XVI | Chapter XVII | Chapter XVIII | Chapter XIX | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
Maternal age | |||||||||
<=39 years | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
>=40 years | 0.87 (0.82-0.92) | 0.96 (0.88-1.05) | 0.97 (0.89-1.06) | 1.10 (0.95-1.27) | 1.02 (0.90-1.16) | 1.15 (1.04-1.28) | 1.16 (1.05-1.27) | 0.96 (0.89-1.02) | 0.90 (0.84-0.96) |
Civil status | |||||||||
Married/ cohabiting | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Single status at registration | 0.98 (0.88-1.08) | 1.09 (0.94-1.27) | 1.04 (0.90-1.21) | 0.86 (0.66-1.12) | 0.85 (0.68-1.06) | 1.12 (0.94-1.33) | 1.14 (0.97-1.33) | 1.15 (1.03-1.29) | 1.02 (0.91-1.12) |
Assisted reproductive technologyb | |||||||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 1.16 (1.02-1.31) | 1.33 (1.12-1.58) | 1.15 (0.96-1.37) | 1.05 (0.78-1.42) | 1.16 (0.90-1.49) | 1.02 (0.83-1.25) | 1.14 (0.94-1.38) | 1.27 (1.11-1.46) | 0.98 (0.85-1.12) |
Gender | |||||||||
Boy | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Girl | 0.67 (0.63-0.70) | 0.85 (0.79-0.93) | 0.85 (0.78-0.92) | 0.78 (0.68-0.90) | 0.80 (0.72-0.90) | 0.81 (0.73-0.89) | 0.68 (0.62-0.75) | 0.83 (0.78-0.88) | 0.80 (0.75-0.85) |
Size for gestational age | |||||||||
Average for gestational age | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Small for gestational age | 0.96 (0.79-1.18) | 1.22 (0.93-1.60) | 0.68 (0.48-0.96) | 0.79 (0.47-1.32) | 0.69 (0.45-1.09) | 1.67 (1.28-2.17) | 1.22 (0.92-1.62) | 1.17 (0.95-1.45) | 0.90 (0.72-1.13) |
Gestational age | |||||||||
Born at term | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Born pretermc | 1.44 (1.25-1.66) | 1.46 (1.20-1.77) | 1.00 (0.80-1.24) | 1.16 (0.83-1.63) | 1.33 (1.00-1.76) | 7.95 (6.80-9.30) | 1.64 (1.34-2.00) | 1.24 (1.06-1.44) | 0.97 (0.82-1.14) |
Birthweight | |||||||||
Normal | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Low birthweightd | 1.31 (1.09-1.57) | 1.20 (0.94-1.53) | 0.92 (0.70-1.22) | 1.23 (0.81-1.87) | 1.30 (0.92-1.84) | 3.74 (3.06-4.57) | 1.43 (1.12-1.84) | 1.35 (1.12-1.64) | 1.12 (0.92-1.37) |
Nicotine use during pregnancy | |||||||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 1.28 (1.16-1.40) | 1.14 (1.00-1.31) | 0.94 (0.82-1.08) | 1.20 (0.97-1.50) | 1.07 (0.89-1.30) | 0.97 (0.82-1.14) | 1.18 (1.02-1.37) | 1.19 (1.18-1.45) | 0.99 (0.89-1.10) |
Educational level | |||||||||
Elementary | 1.34 (1.22-1.46) | 1.16 (1.01-1.32) | 1.26 (1.11-1.44) | 1.16 (0.93-1.45) | 1.56 (1.30-1.87) | 1.12 (0.95-1.32) | 1.11 (0.96-1.29) | 1.31 (1.18-1.45) | 1.03 (0.93-1.14) |
High school | 1.08 (1.02-1.15) | 1.04 (0.95-1.13) | 1.09 (1.00-1.19) | 1.07 (0.93-1.24) | 1.20 (1.06-1.37) | 1.14 (1.03-1.27) | 1.10 (1.00-1.21) | 1.14 (1.07-1.22) | 0.96 (0.90-1.03) |
College/ University | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |