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Erschienen in: Der Pathologe 4/2014

01.07.2014 | Schwerpunkt

Muzinöse Ovarialtumoren

Prognostisch meist exzellent, selten Wölfe im Schafspelz

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. S. Lax, A. Staebler

Erschienen in: Die Pathologie | Ausgabe 4/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Muzinöse Ovarialtumoren stellen die zweithäufigste Gruppe neben den serösen Tumoren dar, wobei die Zystadenome mehr als 80 % ausmachen. Muzinöse Zystadenome, Borderlinetumoren/atypisch proliferierte muzinöse Tumoren und Karzinome unterscheiden sich dabei weder durch die klinische Symptomatik noch durch das durchschnittliche Erkrankungsalter. Borderlinetumoren/atypisch proliferierte muzinöse Tumoren und Karzinome treten typischerweise unilateral im Stadium I auf und haben eine exzellente Prognose. Sie sind häufig Zufallsbefunde oder zeigen eine unspezifische abdominelle Symptomatik. Der Erkrankungsgipfel liegt um das 50. Lebensjahr. Implantate bzw. peritoneale Metastasen sowie Bilateralität eines muzinösen Ovarialtumors sollten den dringenden Verdacht auf eine Metastase eines gastrointestinalen Malignoms nach sich ziehen. Weder eine Mikroinvasion, definiert durch eine Invasion bis max. 5 mm, noch ein intraepitheliales Karzinom, charakterisiert durch hochgradige Atypien, beeinflussen die Prognose von Borderlinetumoren.
Muzinöse Karzinome zeigen meistens ein konfluentes, drüsiges Wachstumsmuster mit labyrinthartigen Strukturen, während ein destruktives, infiltratives oder gar knotiges histologisches Wachstumsmuster an die Möglichkeit einer Metastase denken lassen sollte. Die seltenen Wandknoten in Borderlinetumoren können einer sarkomartigen spindelzelligen Proliferation, aber auch anaplastischen Karzinomen ähneln, beeinflussen aber meist nicht die Prognose. Immunhistochemisch kann die Abgrenzung insbesondere zu Metastasen aus dem oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt schwierig sein (CK7+ und variable Expression von CK20 sowie CDX2). Pax8-Positivität spricht für ein Primum aus dem Ovar, muss aber nicht gegeben sein. Muzinöse Tumoren in Assoziation mit Teratomen des Ovars ähneln immunhistochemisch Kolontumoren (CK7−/CK20+/CDX2+). Die seltenen endozervikal differenzierten muzinösen Tumoren werden nun als seromuzinöse Tumoren bezeichnet. Sie enthalten 2 und mehr unterschiedliche Zelltypen, sind häufig mit Endometriose assoziiert und scheinen molekulargenetisch den endometrioiden Tumoren verwandt zu sein.
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Metadaten
Titel
Muzinöse Ovarialtumoren
Prognostisch meist exzellent, selten Wölfe im Schafspelz
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. S. Lax
A. Staebler
Publikationsdatum
01.07.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Pathologie / Ausgabe 4/2014
Print ISSN: 2731-7188
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-014-1912-4

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