Skip to main content
Erschienen in: CardioVasc 3/2015

10.06.2015 | Schwerpunkt_Diabetes

Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2

Optimierung der glykämischen Kontrolle und des kardiovaskulären Risikos

verfasst von: Dr. med. Thorsten Siegmund, Edin Zelihic

Erschienen in: CardioVasc | Ausgabe 3/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Der Diabetes mellitus ist ein relevanter Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer koronaren Herzerkrankung, er gilt sogar als KHK-Äquivalent. Die Glukosestoffwechselstörung ist eine der häufigsten Ursachen für Morbidität und Mortalität der Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz. Eine optimierte glykämische Kontrolle kann zur Reduktion mikro- und makrovaskulärer Folgeschäden beitragen. Die mikrovaskulären Folgeerkrankungen sind eng mit der Höhe der Glukosewerte vergesellschaftet. Eine Reduktion makrovaskulärer Ereignisse gelingt nur, wenn eine strenge Stoffwechselkontrolle frühzeitig begonnen wird, die Diabetesdauer nicht länger als 12–15 Jahre beträgt und noch keine manifeste KHK vorliegt. Um die kardiovaskuläre Prognose zu verbessern, sollte bei der Wahl der Medikamente auf eine möglichst hypoglykämiefreie bzw. unter Insulintherapie hypoglykämiearme Therapiestrategie gesetzt, postprandiale Blutzuckerspitzen optimiert und, wo möglich, die Insulinresistenzsituation günstig beeinflusst werden.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Keefe JH, Abuannadi M, Lavie CJ. Role of oral agents in improving cardiovascular prognosis in diabetes mellitus [letter reply]. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(1):99–101PubMedCentralCrossRef O’Keefe JH, Abuannadi M, Lavie CJ. Role of oral agents in improving cardiovascular prognosis in diabetes mellitus [letter reply]. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(1):99–101PubMedCentralCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. Br Med J. 2000;321(7258):405–12CrossRef Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. Br Med J. 2000;321(7258):405–12CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood- glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33) [published correction appears in Lancet. 1999;354(9178):602]. Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837-53 UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood- glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33) [published correction appears in Lancet. 1999;354(9178):602]. Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837-53
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA et al. 10-Year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(15):1577–89PubMedCrossRef Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA et al. 10-Year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(15):1577–89PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Albers JW, Herman WH, Pop-Busui R et al. Effect of prior inten- sive insulin treatment during the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) on peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes during the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(5):1090–6PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Albers JW, Herman WH, Pop-Busui R et al. Effect of prior inten- sive insulin treatment during the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) on peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes during the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(5):1090–6PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2545–59PubMedCrossRef Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2545–59PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(2):129–39PubMedCrossRef Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(2):129–39PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2560–72PubMedCrossRef Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2560–72PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Riddle MC, Ambrosius WT, Brillon DJ et al. Epidemiologic relation- ships between A1C and all-cause mortality during a median 3.4-year follow- up of glycemic treatment in the ACCORD trial. Diabetes Care. 2010;2010:983–90CrossRef Riddle MC, Ambrosius WT, Brillon DJ et al. Epidemiologic relation- ships between A1C and all-cause mortality during a median 3.4-year follow- up of glycemic treatment in the ACCORD trial. Diabetes Care. 2010;2010:983–90CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Reaven PD, Moritz TE, Schwenke DC et al. Intensive glucose-lowering therapy reduces cardiovascular disease events in Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial participants with lower calcified coronary atherosclerosis. Diabetes. 2009;58(11):2642–8PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Reaven PD, Moritz TE, Schwenke DC et al. Intensive glucose-lowering therapy reduces cardiovascular disease events in Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial participants with lower calcified coronary atherosclerosis. Diabetes. 2009;58(11):2642–8PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Mannucci E, Monami M, Lamanna C et al. Prevention of cardiovascular disease through glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;19(9):604–12PubMedCrossRef Mannucci E, Monami M, Lamanna C et al. Prevention of cardiovascular disease through glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;19(9):604–12PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Ray KK, Seshasai SR, Wijesuriya S et al. Effect of intensive control of glucose on cardiovascular outcomes and death in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2009;373(9677):1765–72PubMedCrossRef Ray KK, Seshasai SR, Wijesuriya S et al. Effect of intensive control of glucose on cardiovascular outcomes and death in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2009;373(9677):1765–72PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Currie CJ, Peters JR, Tynan A et al. Survival as a function of HbA(1c) in people with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2010;375(9713):481–9PubMedCrossRef Currie CJ, Peters JR, Tynan A et al. Survival as a function of HbA(1c) in people with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2010;375(9713):481–9PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Curtis BM, O’Keefe JH Jr. Autonomic tone as a cardiovascular risk factor: the dangers of chronic fight or flight. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002;77(1):45–54PubMedCrossRef Curtis BM, O’Keefe JH Jr. Autonomic tone as a cardiovascular risk factor: the dangers of chronic fight or flight. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002;77(1):45–54PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat DeRosa MA, Cryer PE. Hypoglycemia and the sympathoadrenal system: neurogenic symptoms are largely the result of sympathetic neural, rather than adrenomedullary, activation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004;287(1):E2–E41 DeRosa MA, Cryer PE. Hypoglycemia and the sympathoadrenal system: neurogenic symptoms are largely the result of sympathetic neural, rather than adrenomedullary, activation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004;287(1):E2–E41
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Marques JL, George E, Peacey SR et al. Altered ventricular repolar- ization during hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes. Diabet Med. 1997;14(8):648–54PubMedCrossRef Marques JL, George E, Peacey SR et al. Altered ventricular repolar- ization during hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes. Diabet Med. 1997;14(8):648–54PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Dotson S, Freeman R, Failing HJ, Adler GK. Hypoglycemia increases serum interleukin-6 levels in healthy men and women. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(6):1222–3PubMedCrossRef Dotson S, Freeman R, Failing HJ, Adler GK. Hypoglycemia increases serum interleukin-6 levels in healthy men and women. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(6):1222–3PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Packard RR, Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis: from vascular biology to biomarker discovery and risk prediction. Clin Chem. 200854(1):24–38PubMedCrossRef Packard RR, Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis: from vascular biology to biomarker discovery and risk prediction. Clin Chem. 200854(1):24–38PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Cavalot F, Petrelli A, Traversa M et al. Postprandial blood glucose is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in women: lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):813-9 Cavalot F, Petrelli A, Traversa M et al. Postprandial blood glucose is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in women: lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):813-9
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Bell DS, O’Keefe JH, Jellinger P. Postprandial dysmetabolism: the missing link between diabetes and cardiovascular events? Endocr Pract. 2008;14(1):112–24PubMedCrossRef Bell DS, O’Keefe JH, Jellinger P. Postprandial dysmetabolism: the missing link between diabetes and cardiovascular events? Endocr Pract. 2008;14(1):112–24PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Keefe JH, Bell DS. Postprandial hyperglycemia/hyperlipidemia (postprandial dysmetabolism) is a cardiovascular risk factor. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100(5):899–904 O’Keefe JH, Bell DS. Postprandial hyperglycemia/hyperlipidemia (postprandial dysmetabolism) is a cardiovascular risk factor. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100(5):899–904
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Stahrenberg R, Edelmann F, Mende M et al Association of glucose metabolism with diastolic function along the diabetic continuum. Diabetologia. 2010;53:1331–40PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Stahrenberg R, Edelmann F, Mende M et al Association of glucose metabolism with diastolic function along the diabetic continuum. Diabetologia. 2010;53:1331–40PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat von Bibra H, St John Sutton M. Diastolic dysfunction in diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: promising potential for diagnosis and prognosis. Diabetologia. 2010;53:1033–45PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef von Bibra H, St John Sutton M. Diastolic dysfunction in diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: promising potential for diagnosis and prognosis. Diabetologia. 2010;53:1033–45PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Keefe JH, Gheewala NM, O’Keefe JO. Dietary strategies for improv- ing post-prandial glucose, lipids, inflammation, and cardiovascular health. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51(3):249–55PubMedCrossRef O’Keefe JH, Gheewala NM, O’Keefe JO. Dietary strategies for improv- ing post-prandial glucose, lipids, inflammation, and cardiovascular health. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51(3):249–55PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Festa A, D’Agostino R Jr, Howard G et al. Chronic subclinical inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syn- drome: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Circulation. 2000;102(1):42–7PubMedCrossRef Festa A, D’Agostino R Jr, Howard G et al. Chronic subclinical inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syn- drome: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Circulation. 2000;102(1):42–7PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat von Bibra H, Wulf G, St John Sutton M et al. A Low-carbohydrate/high-protein diet improves diastolic cardiac function and the metabolic syndrome in overweight-obese patients with type 2 diabetes. IJC Metabolic & Endocrine. 2014;2:11–8 von Bibra H, Wulf G, St John Sutton M et al. A Low-carbohydrate/high-protein diet improves diastolic cardiac function and the metabolic syndrome in overweight-obese patients with type 2 diabetes. IJC Metabolic & Endocrine. 2014;2:11–8
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Kiersztan A, Modzelewska A, Jarzyna R et al. Inhibition of gluconeogenesis by vanadium and metformin in kidney-cortex tubules isolated from control and diabetic rabbits. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002;63(7):1371–82PubMedCrossRef Kiersztan A, Modzelewska A, Jarzyna R et al. Inhibition of gluconeogenesis by vanadium and metformin in kidney-cortex tubules isolated from control and diabetic rabbits. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002;63(7):1371–82PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Tzoulaki I, Molokhia M, Curcin V et al. Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database. Br Med J. 2009;339:b4731CrossRef Tzoulaki I, Molokhia M, Curcin V et al. Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database. Br Med J. 2009;339:b4731CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Hanefeld M, Cagatay M, Petrowitsch T et al. Acarbose reduces the risk for myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic pa- tients: meta-analysis of seven long-term studies. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(1):10–6PubMedCrossRef Hanefeld M, Cagatay M, Petrowitsch T et al. Acarbose reduces the risk for myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic pa- tients: meta-analysis of seven long-term studies. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(1):10–6PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Verspohl EJ. Novel therapeutics for type 2 diabetes: incretin hormone mimetics (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) and dipeptidyl pepti- dase-4 inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther. 2009;124(1):113–38PubMedCrossRef Verspohl EJ. Novel therapeutics for type 2 diabetes: incretin hormone mimetics (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) and dipeptidyl pepti- dase-4 inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther. 2009;124(1):113–38PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Udell JA, Bhatt DL, Braunwald E et. al. Saxagliptin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate or Severe Renal Impairment: Observations From the SAVOR-TIMI 53 Trial. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(4):696–705PubMed Udell JA, Bhatt DL, Braunwald E et. al. Saxagliptin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate or Severe Renal Impairment: Observations From the SAVOR-TIMI 53 Trial. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(4):696–705PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Jabbour SA. SGLT2 inhibitors to control glycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a new approach to an old problem. Postgrad Med. 2014;126(1):111–7PubMedCrossRef Jabbour SA. SGLT2 inhibitors to control glycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a new approach to an old problem. Postgrad Med. 2014;126(1):111–7PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Drab SR, Philis-Tsimikas A. A new option for glycemic control: insulin degludec, a new-generation basal insulin with an ultralong duration of action. Pharmacotherapy. 2014;34(3):291–302PubMedCrossRef Drab SR, Philis-Tsimikas A. A new option for glycemic control: insulin degludec, a new-generation basal insulin with an ultralong duration of action. Pharmacotherapy. 2014;34(3):291–302PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Sutton G, Minguet J, Ferrero C, Bramlage P. U300, a novel long-acting insulin formulation. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2014;14(12):1849–60PubMedCrossRef Sutton G, Minguet J, Ferrero C, Bramlage P. U300, a novel long-acting insulin formulation. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2014;14(12):1849–60PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat von Bibra H, Siegmund T, Kingreen I et al. Analogue Insulin in Multiple Daily Injection Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes improves Postprandial Glucose Control Compared to Human Insulin, associated with Beneficial Effects on Cardiac Function — a Randomized Long-Term Study. Submitted. von Bibra H, Siegmund T, Kingreen I et al. Analogue Insulin in Multiple Daily Injection Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes improves Postprandial Glucose Control Compared to Human Insulin, associated with Beneficial Effects on Cardiac Function — a Randomized Long-Term Study. Submitted.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoss U, Budiman ES, Liu H, Christiansen MP. Feasibility of Factory Calibration for Subcutaneous Glucose Sensors in Subjects With Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2014;8(1):89–94PubMedCrossRef Hoss U, Budiman ES, Liu H, Christiansen MP. Feasibility of Factory Calibration for Subcutaneous Glucose Sensors in Subjects With Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2014;8(1):89–94PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
Optimierung der glykämischen Kontrolle und des kardiovaskulären Risikos
verfasst von
Dr. med. Thorsten Siegmund
Edin Zelihic
Publikationsdatum
10.06.2015
Verlag
Urban & Vogel
Erschienen in
CardioVasc / Ausgabe 3/2015
Print ISSN: 1617-4933
Elektronische ISSN: 1618-3851
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s15027-015-0640-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2015

CardioVasc 3/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.