Background
Methods
Study design, patient population
Definitions
Clinical assessment and clinical follow-up
Ethical approval
Statistical analysis
Results
Preprocedural and procedural technique and lesion characteristics
Overall, n = 2138 | Emergent LM revascularization n = 460 (21.5%) | P-Value | Non-emergent LM revascularization n = 1678 (78.5%) | P Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCI (n = 264) | CABG (n = 196) | PCI (n = 958) | CABG (n = 720) | ||||
Baseline characteristics | |||||||
Age (years), median (IQR) | 64 (57–70) | 63 (56–72) | 60 (54- 68) | 0.004 | 66 (60–72) | 62 (55–69) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 28 (25- 32) | 28 (25–31) | 28 (25–30) | 0.269 | 29 (26–33) | 28 (25–31) | < 0.001 |
Gender (male), n (%) | 1678 (78.5%) | 202 (76.52%) | 170 (86.73%) | 0.006 | 692 (7223%) | 614 (85.28%) | < 0.001 |
Smoker, n (%) | 849 (39.7%) | 85 (32.20%) | 83 (42.35%) | 0.025 | 394 (41.13%) | 287 (39.86%) | 0.601 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 1468 (68.7%) | 185 (70.08%) | 139 (70.92%) | 0.845 | 619 (64.61%) | 525 (72.92%) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 1495 (70.4%) | 173 (65.78%) | 122 (62.24%) | 0.434 | 686 (72.67%) | 514 (71.39%) | 0.564 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1463 (69.0%) | 179 (68.06%) | 125 (63.78%) | 0.337 | 642 (68.15%) | 517 (71.81%) | 0.108 |
Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 261 (12.2%) | 44 (16.67%) | 23 (11.73%) | 0.138 | 152 (15.87%) | 42 (5.83%) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral arterial disease, n (%) | 246 (11.5%) | 28 (10.61%) | 20 (10.20%) | 0.889 | 156 (16.28%) | 42 (5.83%) | < 0.001 |
Cerebral vascular accident, n (%) | 222 (10.4%) | 30 (11.36%) | 11 (5.61%) | 0.032 | 149 (15.55%) | 32 (4.44%) | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 437 (20.4%) | 62 (23.48%) | 29 (14.80%) | 0.021 | 254 (26.51%) | 92 (12.78%) | < 0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 183 (8.6%) | 27 (10.23%) | 12 (6.12%) | 0.118 | 127 (13.26%) | 17 (2.36%) | < 0.001 |
Previous myocardial infarction, n (%) | 613 (28.7%) | 84 (31.82%) | 60 (30.61%) | 0.783 | 334 (34.86%) | 135 (18.75%) | < 0.001 |
EuroSCORE, median (IQR) | 2.9 (1.26–4.56) | 3.9 (2.01–7) | 2.45 (1.27–5) | < 0.001 | 1.75 (1.04–3.65) | 3.65 (1.6–4.65) | < 0.001 |
Overall, n = 2138 | Emergent LM revascularization n = 460 (21.5%) | P-Value | Non-emergent LM revascularization n = 1678 (78.5%) | P Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCI (n = 264) | CABG (n = 196) | PCI (n = 958) | CABG (n = 720) | ||||
Hospital presentation | |||||||
Cardiac arrest, n (%) | 18 (1%) | 7 (2.65%) | 11 (5.61%) | 0.105 | NA | NA | NA |
Types, n (%) | |||||||
Ventricular fibrillation | 9 (50%) | 2 (28.57%) | 7 (63.64%) | 0.335 | NA | NA | NA |
Pulseless electrical activity | 6 (33.3%) | 3 (42.86%) | 3 (27.27%) | 0.627 | NA | NA | NA |
Asystole | 3 (16%) | 2 (28.57%) | 1 (9.09%) | 0.528 | NA | NA | NA |
Location, n (%) | |||||||
Out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) | 1 (5.5%) | 1 (14.29%) | 0 | 0.389 | NA | NA | NA |
In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) | 17 (94.5%) | 6 (85.71%) | 11 (100%) | 0.389 | NA | NA | NA |
Timing, n (%) | |||||||
Pre coronary angiography | 18 (100%) | 7 (100%) | 11 (100%) | > 0.99 | NA | NA | NA |
Post coronary angiography | 0 (0%) | 0 | 0 | > 0.99 | NA | NA | NA |
Cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest, n (%) | 52 (2.4%) | 44 (16.67%) | 8 (4.08%) | < 0.001 | |||
Timing, n (%) | |||||||
Pre coronary angiography | 47 (90.4%) | 43 (97.73%) | 4 (50%) | 0.001 | NA | NA | NA |
Post coronary angiography | 5 (9.6%) | 1 (2.27%) | 4 (50%) | 0.001 | NA | NA | NA |
Cardiogenic shock, n (%) | 82 (3.8%) | 57 (21.59%) | 25 (12.76%) | 0.014 | NA | NA | NA |
Timing, n (%) | |||||||
Pre coronary angiography | 78 (95%) | 57 (100%) | 21 (84%) | 0.007 | NA | NA | NA |
Post coronary angiography | 4 (5%) | 0 | 4 (16%) | 0.007 | NA | NA | NA |
Coronary presentation, n (%) | |||||||
ST-elevation myocardial infarction | 389 (18.2%) | 214 (81.06%) | 175 (89.29%) | 0.016 | NA | NA | NA |
Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome | 1084 (50.7%) | 50 (18.93%) | 21 (10.71%) | 0.034 | 578 (60.33%) | 435 (60.41%) | 0.868 |
Stable coronary artery disease | 273 (12.77%) | NA | NA | NA | 137 (14.32%) | 136 (18.89%) | 0.012 |
Silent ischemia/others | 380 (17.78%) | NA | NA | NA | 234 (24.45%) | 146 (20.28%) | 0.043 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction, mean (SD) | 44.8 ± 11.6 | 40 (35–45) | 50 (40–55) | < 0.001 | 45 (35–55) | 50 (40–55) | < 0.001 |
LVEF ≤ 40%, n (%) | 578 (27.0%) | 98 (37.12%) | 33 (16.84%) | < 0.001 | 291 (30.38%) | 156 (21.67%) | < 0.001 |
LVEF 41–49%, n (%) | 618 (28.91%) | 101 (38.26%) | 48 (24.49%) | 0.002 | 286 (29.85%) | 183 (25.42%) | 0.045 |
LVEF ≥ 50%, n (%) | 942 (44.1%) | 65 (24.62%) | 115 (58.67%) | < 0.001 | 381 (39.77%) | 381 (52.92%) | < 0.001 |
Creatinine clearance (ml/min), mean (SD) | 76.2 ± 24.2 | 90 (62–90) | 83 (65–90) | 0.016 | 90 (53–93) | 83 (70–90) | 0.002 |
Hemoglobin (g/L), median (IQR) | 13.4 (12–14.6) | 13.4 (12.2–14.6) | 13 (11.5–14.5) | 0.012 | 13.6 (12.3–14.9) | 13.2 (11.7–14.3) | < 0.001 |
Overall, n = 2138 | Emergent LM revascularization n = 460 (21.5%) | P-Value | Non-emergent LM revascularization n = 1678 (78.5%) | P Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCI (n = 264) | CABG (n = 196) | PCI (n = 958) | CABG (n = 720) | ||||
Angiographic characteristics | |||||||
Medina classification, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
1,1,1 | 760 (35.5%) | 74 (28.03%) | 62 (31.63%) | 0.402 | 356 (37.16%) | 268 (37.22%) | 0.979 |
1,0,1 | 162 (7.6%) | 11 (4.17%) | 28 (14.29%) | < 0.001 | 37 (3.86%) | 86 (11.94%) | < 0.001 |
0,1,1 | 393 (18.4%) | 79 (29.92%) | 45 (22.96%) | 0.096 | 153 (15.97%) | 116 (16.11%) | 0.938 |
1,1,0 | 402 (18.8%) | 60 (22.73%) | 11 (5.61%) | < 0.001 | 250 (26.10%) | 81 (11.25%) | < 0.001 |
1,0,0 | 202 (9.4%) | 20 (7.58%) | 23 (11.73%) | 0.130 | 96 (10.02%) | 81 (11.25%) | 0.417 |
0,1,0 | 160 (7.5%) | 11 (4.17%) | 19 (9.69%) | 0.016 | 45 (4.70%) | 85 (11.81%) | < 0.001 |
0,0,1 | 59 (2.7%) | 9 (3.41%) | 8 (4.08%) | 0.689 | 21 (2.19%) | 21 (2.92%) | 0.347 |
Lesion characteristics | |||||||
Isolated left main disease, n (%) | 138 (6.5%) | 22 (8.3%) | 12 (6.1%) | < 0.001 | 81 (8.5%) | 23 (3.2%) | < 0.001 |
LM + (triple-vessel disease), n (%) | 1202 (56.2%) | 98 (37.1%) | 124 (63.3%) | < 0.001 | 481 (50.2%) | 499 (69.3%) | < 0.001 |
LM + (LAD and LCx), n (%) | 327 (15.3%) | 50 (18.9%) | 27 (13.8%) | < 0.001 | 138 (14.4%) | 112 (15.6%) | < 0.001 |
LM + [RCA and (LAD or LCx)], n (%) | 139 (6.5%) | 20 (7.6%) | 25 (12.8%) | < 0.001 | 44 (4.6%) | 50 (6.9%) | < 0.001 |
LM + LAD, n (%) | 287 (13.4%) | 63 (23.9%) | 8 (4.1%) | < 0.001 | 188 (19.6%) | 28 (3.9%) | < 0.001 |
LM + LCx, n (%) | 35 (1.6%) | 10 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | < 0.001 | 20 (2.1%) | 5 (0.7%) | < 0.001 |
LM + RCA, n (%) | 10 (0.5%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.99 | 6 (0.6%) | 3 (0.4%) | 0.740 |
SYNTAX score | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
Low (≤ 22), n (%) | 430 (20.2%) | 81 (30.68%) | 18 (9.18%) | < 0.001 | 223 (23.30%) | 108 (15.17%) | < 0.001 |
Intermediate (23–32), n (%) | 1107 (52.0%) | 104 (39.39%) | 83 (42.35%) | 0.524 | 577 (60.29%) | 343 (48.17%) | < 0.001 |
High (≥ 33), n (%) | 592 (27.8%) | 79 (29.92%) | 95 (48.47%) | < 0.001 | 157 (16.41%) | 261 (36.66%) | < 0.001 |
SYNTAX score, median (IQR) | 28 (24–33) | 28 (22–33) | 32 (25–37) | < 0.001 | 28 (23–32) | 29 (25–35) | < 0.001 |
Lesion location | |||||||
Ostial/shaft only, n (%) | 536 (25.1%) | 51 (19.32%) | 59 (30.10%) | 0.007 | 184 (19.21%) | 242 (33.61%) | < 0.001 |
Distal bifurcation, n (%) | 1602 (74.9%) | 213 (80.68%) | 137 (69.90%) | 0.007 | 774 (80.79%) | 478 (66.39%) | < 0.001 |
Procedure | |||||||
Intra-aortic ballon pump, n (%) | 200 (9.4%) | 62 (23.48%) | 52 (26.53%) | 0.454 | 36 (3.76%) | 50 (6.94%) | 0.003 |
Impella, n (%) | 14 (0.7%) | 6 (2.27%) | 1 (0.51%) | 0.247 | 6 (0.63%) | 1 (0.14%) | 0.250 |
Procedural technique
Discharge and follow-up medications
Overall, n = 2138 | Emergent LM revascularization n = 460 (21.5%) | P-Value | Non-emergent LM revascularization n = 1678 (78.5%) | P Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCI (n = 264) | CABG (n = 196) | PCI (n = 958) | CABG (n = 720) | ||||
Discharge medications | |||||||
ASA, n (%) | 2010 (99.10%) | 222 (99.55%) | 166 (97.65%) | 0.095 | 946 (99.58%) | 676 (98.69%) | 0.045 |
P2Y12 inhibitors, n (%) | 1833 (90.40%) | 223 (100%) | 129 (75.88%) | < 0.001 | 946 (99.58%) | 535 (78.10%) | < 0.001 |
Beta blocker, n (%) | 1914 (94.40%) | 216 (96.86%) | 146 (85.88%) | < 0.001 | 915 (96.32%) | 637 (92.99%) | 0.003 |
Statin, n (%) | 1934 (95.40%) | 214 (95.96%) | 139 (81.76%) | < 0.001 | 947 (99.68%) | 634 (92.55%) | < 0.001 |
ACE inhibitors or ARB, n (%) | 1516 (74.80%) | 202 (90.58%) | 86 (50.59%) | < 0.001 | 847 (89.16%) | 381 (55.62%) | < 0.001 |
Medications during follow-up | |||||||
ASA, n (%) | 1713 (97.10%) | 174 (96.67%) | 135 (100%) | 0.032 | 859 (97.50%) | 545 (95.78%) | 0.068 |
P2Y12 inhibitors, n (%) | 1129 (64.00%) | 140 (77.78%) | 83 (61.48%) | 0.002 | 638 (72.42%) | 268 (47.10%) | < 0.001 |
Beta blocker, n (%) | 1674 (94.80%) | 171 (95.00%) | 129 (95.56%) | 0.819 | 838 (95.12%) | 536 (94.20%) | 0.443 |
Statin, n (%) | 1727 (97.80%) | 174 (96.67%) | 130 (96.30%) | 0.859 | 873 (99.09%) | 550 (96.66%) | 0.001 |
ACE inhibitors or ARB, n (%) | 1332 (75.50%) | 159 (88.33%) | 71 (52.59%) | < 0.001 | 765 (86.83%) | 337 (59.23%) | < 0.001 |
In-hospital events
Overall, n = 2138 | Emergent LM revascularization n = 460 (21.5%) | P-Value | Non-emergent LM revascularization n = 1678 (78.5%) | P Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCI (n = 264) | CABG (n = 196) | PCI (n = 958) | CABG (n = 720) | ||||
In-hospital events | |||||||
Cardiac death, n (%) | 81 (3.8%) | 36 (13.64%) | 23 (11.73%) | 0.546 | 3 (0.31%) | 19 (2.64%) | < 0.001 |
Non-cardiac death, n (%) | 24 (1.1%) | 4 (1.52%) | 3 (1.53%) | > 0.99 | 3 (0.31%) | 14 (1.94%) | 0.001 |
Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 73 (3.4%) | 15 (5.68%) | 20 (10.20%) | 0.070 | 3 (0.31%) | 35 (4.86%) | < 0.001 |
Target lesion revascularization, n (%) | 11 (0.5%) | 3 (1.14%) | 1 (0.51%) | 0.640 | 2 (0.21%) | 5 (0.69%) | 0.147 |
Target vessel revascularization, n (%) | 15 (0.7%) | 5 (1.89%) | 0 | 0.075 | 2 (0.21%) | 8 (1.11%) | 0.023 |
Cerebrovascular events, n (%) | 48 (2.2%) | 12 (4.55%) | 13 (6.63%) | 0.329 | 7 (0.73%) | 16 (2.22%) | 0.009 |
MACCE, n (%) | 125 (5.8%) | 38 (14.39%) | 28 (14.29%) | 0.974 | 16 (1.67%) | 43 (5.97%) | < 0.001 |
Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 89 (4.2%) | 17 (6.44%) | 32 (16.33%) | 0.001 | 32 (3.34%) | 8 (1.11%) | 0.003 |
Major bleeding, n (%) | 313 (14.6%) | 39 (14.77%) | 34 (17.35%) | 0.455 | 125 (13.06%) | 115 (15.97%) | 0.092 |
Minor bleeding, n (%) | 157 (7.3%) | 17 (6.44%) | 18 (9.18%) | 0.272 | 50 (5.22%) | 72 (10%) | < 0.001 |
Total mortality, n (%) | 105 (4.9%) | 40 (15.15%) | 26 (13.27%) | 0.568 | 6 (0.63%) | 33 (4.58%) | < 0.001 |
Duration of hospital stay, median (IQR) (Days) | 7 (3–12) | 5 (3–9) | 13 (9–17) | < 0.001 | 3 (0–5) | 11 (8–15) | < 0.001 |
Follow-up events | |||||||
Cardiac death, n (%) | 14 (0.7%) | 5 (2.59%) | 2 (1.23%) | 0.889 | 3 (0.33%) | 4 (0.60%) | 0.524 |
Non-cardiac death, n (%) | 25 (1.3%) | 2 (1.04%) | 0 | 0.237 | 10 (1.09%) | 13 (1.94%) | 0.043 |
Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 50 (2.6%) | 3 (1.63%) | 10 (6.29%) | 0.005 | 21 (2.33%) | 16 (2.41%) | 0.665 |
Target lesion revascularization, n (%) | 52 (2.72%) | 8 (4.35%) | 8 (5.03%) | 0.371 | 27 (2.99%) | 9 (1.35%) | 0.141 |
Target vessel revascularization, n (%) | 57 (2.98%) | 4 (2.17%) | 8 (5.03%) | 0.046 | 27 (2.99%) | 18 (2.71%) | 0.936 |
Cerebrovascular events, n (%) | 29 (1.64%) | 4 (2.22%) | 4 (2.96%) | 0.636 | 11 (1.25%) | 10 (1.76%) | 0.465 |
MACCE, n (%) | 108 (6.1%) | 15 (8.33%) | 16 (11.85%) | 0.099 | 48 (5.45%) | 29 (5.09%) | 0.955 |
Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 415 (19.4%) | 83 (31.44%) | 24 (12.24%) | 0.008 | 212 (22.13%) | 96 (13.33%) | < 0.001 |
Major bleeding, n (%) | 7 (0.4%) | 0 | 0 | 5 (0.57%) | 2 (0.35%) | 0.614 | |
Minor bleeding, n (%) | 31 (1.76%) | 5 (2.78%) | 4 (2.96%) | 0.685 | 11 (1.25%) | 11 (1.93%) | 0.322 |
Total mortality, n (%) | 39 (2.0%) | 7 (3.63%) | 2 (1.23%) | 0.470 | 13 (1.41%) | 17 (2.54%) | 0.036 |
Median follow-up time (IQR) (months) | 20 (10–37) | 20 (13–31) | 12 (3–33) | 0.002 | 21 (12–39) | 19 (9–37) | 0.009 |
Follow-up events
Multivariable analysis
Hospital MACCE | Univariable | Multivariable | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Emergency revascularization | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P |
Baseline characteristics | ||||
Male | 1.90 (1.05–3.44) | 0.033 | – | – |
Age | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 0.111 | – | – |
Body mass index | 0.99 (0.93–1.04) | 0.642 | – | – |
Smoking | 0.85 (0.49–1.47) | 0.561 | – | – |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.96 (0.54–1.69) | 0.887 | – | – |
Dyslipidemia | 1.02 (0.59–1.78) | 0.936 | – | – |
Hypertension | 1.89 (1.03–3.44) | 0.038 | – | – |
Previous myocardial infarction | 1.77 (1.04–3.01) | 0.037 | – | – |
Chronic kidney disease | 3.57 (2.04–6.24) | < 0.001 | 2.99 (1.62–5.50) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 3.22 (1.63–6.33) | 0.001 | 2.45 (1.17–5.13) | 0.017 |
Cerebrovascular accident | 2.09 (0.97–4.50) | 0.059 | – | – |
Congestive heart failure | 3.88 (2.13–7.06) | < 0.001 | 2.67 (1.37–5.19) | 0.004 |
Atrial fibrillation | 1.92 (0.85–4.24) | 0.109 | – | – |
Ejection fraction category | 1.03 (0.74–1.41) | 0.874 | – | – |
PCI vs. CABG | 1.01 (0.60–1.71) | 0.974 | – | – |
EuroSCORE | ||||
EuroSCORE | 1.08 (1.04–1.10) | < 0.001 | 2.69 (1.82–3.97) | < 0.001 |
PCI vs. CABG | 1.01 (0.60–1.71) | 0.974 | 0.79 (0.45–1.38) | 0.409 |
Presentation | ||||
Arrest | 4.72 (2.63–8.50) | < 0.001 | 2.16 (1.11–4.22) | 0.024 |
Shock | 8.73 (4.87–15.64) | < 0.001 | 8.69 (4.47–16.92) | < 0.001 |
STEMI | 0.26 (0.14–0.67) | < 0.001 | – | – |
NSTEMI | 0.24 (0.13–0.44) | < 0.001 | – | – |
PCI vs. CABG | 1.01 (0.60–1.71) | 0.974 | 0.46 (0.24–0.87) | 0.017 |
SYNTAX score | ||||
SYNTAX score | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 0.158 | 1.38 (0.95–1.99) | 0.091 |
PCI vs. CABG | 1.01 (0.60–1.71) | 0.974 | 1.14 (0.66–1.96) | 0.641 |
Non–emergency revascularization | ||||
Baseline characteristics | ||||
Male | 1.20 (0.66–2.19) | 0.542 | – | – |
Age | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | 0.553 | – | – |
Body mass index | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 0.232 | – | – |
Smoking | 0.93 (0.55–1.59) | 0.796 | – | – |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.16 (0.65–2.05) | 0.618 | – | – |
Dyslipidemia | 2.79 (1.31–5.93) | 0.008 | 2.36 (1.22–5.57) | 0.013 |
Hypertension | 1.68 (0.86–3.27) | 0.127 | – | – |
Previous myocardial infarction | 1.23 (0.71–2.15) | 0.461 | – | – |
Chronic kidney disease | 1.33 (0.73–2.42) | 0.350 | – | – |
Peripheral arterial disease | 1.01 (0.45–2.25) | 0.989 | – | – |
Cerebrovascular accident | 0.59 (0.21–1.65) | 0.317 | – | – |
Congestive heart failure | 1.59 (0.79–3.19) | 0.192 | 2.36 (1.10–5.04) | 0.027 |
Atrial fibrillation | – | – | – | – |
Ejection fraction category | 0.80 (0.59–1.08) | 0.148 | – | – |
PCI vs. CABG | 0.27 (0.15–0.48) | < 0.001 | 0.30 (0.16–0.56) | < 0.001 |
EuroSCORE | ||||
EuroSCORE | 1.06 (1.02–1.12) | 0.005 | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) | 0.001 |
PCI vs. CABG | 0.27 (0.15–0.48) | < 0.001 | 0.25 (0.14–0.45) | < 0.001 |
Presentation | ||||
Arrest | – | – | – | – |
Shock | – | – | – | – |
STEMI | – | – | – | – |
NSTEMI | 0.62 (0.35–1.11) | 0.107 | – | – |
PCI vs. CABG | 0.27 (0.15–0.48) | < 0.001 | – | – |
SYNTAX score | ||||
SYNTAX score | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 0.117 | 1.17 (0.79–1.73) | 0.444 |
PCI vs. CABG | 0.27 (0.15–0.48) | < 0.001 | 0.27 (0.15–0.50) | < 0.001 |
Hospital mortality | Univariable | Multivariable | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Emergency revascularization | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P |
Baseline characteristics | ||||
Male | 1.90 (1.05–3.45) | 0.033 | – | – |
Age | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 0.005 | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 0.007 |
Body mass index | 0.95 (0.89–1.01) | 0.108 | 0.93 (0.87–0.99) | 0.038 |
Smoking | 0.56 (0.31–1.01) | 0.052 | – | – |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.88 (0.50–1.54) | 0.665 | – | – |
Dyslipidemia | 1.43 (0.80–2.55) | 0.230 | – | – |
Hypertension | 2.54 (1.34–4.82) | 0.004 | 2.91 (1.38–6.16) | 0.005 |
Previous myocardial infarction | 1.52 (0.89–2.61) | 0.127 | – | – |
Chronic kidney disease | 1.81 (1.001–3.36) | 0.05 | – | – |
Peripheral arterial disease | 1.93 (0.93–4.01) | 0.078 | – | – |
Cerebrovascular accident | 2.09 (0.97–4.50) | 0.059 | – | – |
Congestive heart failure | 2.91 (1.58–5.38) | 0.001 | 3.03 (1.50–6.14) | 0.002 |
Atrial fibrillation | 1.62 (071–3.69) | 0.255 | – | – |
Ejection fraction category | 1.43 (1.02–2.00) | 0.036 | 2.68 (1.47–4.89) | 0.001 |
PCI vs. CABG | 1.17 (0.69–1.99) | 0.568 | – | – |
EuroSCORE | ||||
EuroSCORE | 1.09 (1.06–1.13) | < 0.001 | 4.45 (2.83–7.01) | < 0.001 |
PCI vs. CABG | 1.17 (0.69–1.99) | 0.568 | 0.87 (0.49–1.56) | 0.647 |
Presentation | ||||
Arrest | 10.57 (5.84–19.20) | < 0.001 | 5.40 (2.77–10.56) | < 0.001 |
Shock | 11.53 (6.25–21.27) | < 0.001 | 9.07 (4.47 (18.42) | < 0.001 |
STEMI | 0.20 (0.11–0.36) | < 0.001 | – | – |
NSTEMI | 0.21 (0.12–0.39) | < 0.001 | – | – |
PCI vs. CABG | 1.17 (0.69–1.99) | 0.568 | 0.43 (0.22–0.85) | 0.016 |
SYNTAX score | ||||
SYNTAX score | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 0.044 | 1.36 (0.94–1.97) | 0.099 |
PCI vs. CABG | 1.17 (0.69–1.99) | 0.568 | 1.31 (0.76–2.28) | 0.331 |
Non–emergency revascularization | ||||
Baseline characteristics | ||||
Male | 0.90 (0.411–1.98) | 0.800 | – | – |
Age | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 0.168 | 1.04 (1.003–1.08) | 0.031 |
Body mass index | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 0.287 | – | – |
Smoking | 0.64 (0.32–1.28) | 0.209 | – | – |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.57 (0.74–3.33) | 0.241 | – | – |
Dyslipidemia | 3.88 (1.37–10.99) | 0.011 | 3.56 (1.24–10.22) | 0.018 |
Hypertension | 1.79 (0.78–4.08) | 0.167 | – | – |
Previous myocardial infarction | 1.01 (0.50–2.05) | 0.973 | – | – |
Chronic kidney disease | 2.77 (1.45–5.30) | 0.002 | 3.74 (1.83–7.62) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 1.37 (0.57–3.31) | 0.485 | – | – |
Cerebrovascular accident | 0.44 (0.11–1.84) | 0.262 | – | – |
Congestive heart failure | 2.01 (0.91–4.45) | 0.083 | – | – |
Atrial fibrillation | 0.57 (0.14–2.39) | 0.441 | – | – |
Ejection fraction category | 1.07 (0.72–1.57) | 0.743 | – | – |
PCI vs. CABG | 0.13 (0.05–0.32) | < 0.001 | 0.100 (0.04–0.25) | < 0.001 |
EuroSCORE | ||||
EuroSCORE | 1.12 (1.08–1.17) | < 0.001 | 1.13 (1.08–1.18) | < 0.001 |
PCI vs. CABG | 0.13 (0.05–0.32) | < 0.001 | 0.11 (0.04–0.27) | < 0.001 |
Presentation | ||||
Arrest | – | – | – | – |
Shock | – | – | – | – |
STEMI | – | – | – | – |
NSTEMI | 0.53 (0.26–1.10) | 0.089 | – | – |
PCI vs. CABG | 0.13 (0.05–0.32) | < 0.001 | 0.13 (0.05–0.32) | < 0.001 |
SYNTAX score | ||||
SYNTAX score | 1.05 (1.01–1.08) | 0.005 | 1.38 (0.84–2.25) | 0.201 |
PCI vs. CABG | 0.13 (0.05–0.32) | < 0.001 | 0.14 (0.06–0.36) | < 0.001 |
HR (95% CI) | P | |
---|---|---|
Follow-up MACCE | ||
Female | 2.47 (1.58–3.87) | < 0.001 |
Arrest | 2.82 (1.06–7.49) | 0.038 |
Ejection fraction | 0.97 (0.95–0.98) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 2.04 (1.16–3.58) | 0.013 |
Body mass index | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 0.020 |
Group | ||
Elective PCI vs. CABG | 0.79 (0.47–1.31) | 0.355 |
Emergency PCI vs. CABG | 0.30 (0.14–0.66) | 0.003 |
Follow-up all-cause mortality | ||
Age | 1.04 (1.004–1.07) | 0.027 |
Hypertension | 5.32 (1.26–22.45) | 0.023 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 2.91 (1.30–6.53) | 0.010 |
EuroSCORE | 1.07 (1.04–1.11) | < 0.001 |
Group | ||
Elective PCI vs. CABG | 0.35 (0.16–0.76) | 0.008 |
Emergency PCI vs. CABG | 1.18 (0.23–6.08) | 0.845 |