Background
Methods
Study design/plasma metabolomics profiling
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Black | White | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Participants | 171 | 179 | |
Sex | 0.67 | ||
Male | 88 (51.5) | 87 (48.6) | |
Female | 83 (48.5) | 92 (51.4) | |
Age (years) | 57.3 (11.7) | 60.4 (10.5) | 0.009 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7 (5.8) | 26.6 (5.5) | 0.07 |
Exercise (min/week) | 88.8 (99.5) | 92.5 (101.1) | 0.74 |
Diet group | 0.84 | ||
Vegan | 63 (36.8) | 62 (34.6) | |
Pesco-vegetarian | 50 (29.2) | 51 (28.5) | |
Nonvegetarian | 58 (33.9) | 66 (36.9) | |
Coffee (oz/day) | 0.3 (1.0) | 2.2 (6.7) | < 0.001 |
Social vulnerability index (percentile) | 0.65 (0.23) | 0.58 (0.22) | 0.003 |
Education | 0.18 | ||
High school | 20 (11.8) | 23 (15.7) | |
Some college | 76 (45.0) | 63 (37.5) | |
College graduate | 73 (43.2) | 92 (54.8) | |
Medication use (yes/no) | |||
Blood pressure | 55 (39) | 42 (23.3) | 0.004 |
Cholesterol | 23 (16) | 32 (17.8) | 0.84 |
Aspirin | 42 (29.8) | 61 (33.9) | 0.51 |
Smoking | |||
Ever | 43 (25.6) | 27 (15.2) | |
Never | 125 (74.4) | 151 (84.8) | 0.02 |
Alcohol | |||
Current | 19 (11.4) | 12 (6.7) | 0.008 |
Former | 62 (37.3) | 46 (25.6) | |
Never | 85 (51.2) | 121 (67.6) | |
Prevalent disease | |||
Cardiovascular | 6 (3.5) | 6 (3.3) | 1 |
Diabetes | 14 (8.2) | 10 (5.6) | 0.41 |
Cancer | 13 (7.6) | 14 (7.8) | 1 |
Psychosocial stress | 0.07 | ||
No | 145 | 164 | |
Yes | 26 | 15 |
Linear regression analysis of individual metabolites
Metabolite | Fold difference | Subclass | Major class | FDR (Storey) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sulfate | 7.57 | Benzoate metabolism | Xenobiotics | < 3.6E−04 |
Methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate sulfate | 4.56 | Benzoate metabolism | Xenobiotics | < 3.6E−04 |
Piperine | 3.32 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 5.2E−04 |
3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate (cmpf) | 3.23 | Fatty acid, dicarboxylate | Lipid | 8.8E−04 |
Umbelliferone sulfate | 2.95 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | < 3.6E−04 |
Sulfate of piperine metabolite c18h21no3 (1) | 2.79 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | < 3.6E−04 |
n-Acetyl-1-methylhistidine | 2.78 | Histidine metabolism | Amino acid | < 3.6E−04 |
Hydroxy-cmpf | 2.73 | Fatty acid, dicarboxylate | Lipid | 1.9E−03 |
Thymol sulfate | 2.72 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 9.9E−04 |
Sulfate of piperine metabolite c16h19no3 (3) | 2.71 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | < 3.6E−04 |
Sulfate of piperine metabolite c16h19no3 (2) | 2.66 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | < 3.6E−04 |
Sulfate of piperine metabolite c18h21no3 (3) | 2.58 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | < 3.6E−04 |
2-Hydroxyfluorene sulfate | 2.49 | Tobacco metabolite | Xenobiotics | < 3.6E−04 |
2-Naphthol sulfate | 2.49 | Chemical | Xenobiotics | < 3.6E−04 |
n-Acetylalliin | 2.31 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 1.5E−03 |
Gamma-cehc sulfate | 2.23 | Tocopherol metabolism | Cofactors and vitamins | < 3.6E−04 |
n-Acetylcitrulline | 2.18 | Urea cycle; arginine and proline metabolism | Amino acid | < 3.6E−04 |
2-Piperidinone | 2.04 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | < 3.6E−04 |
Glucuronide of piperine metabolite c17h21no3 (4) | 2.02 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 1.0E−02 |
Glucuronide of piperine metabolite c17h21no3 (3) | 1.93 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 1.1E−02 |
Glucuronide of piperine metabolite c17h21no3 (5) | 1.91 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 1.0E−02 |
Taurodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate | 1.89 | Secondary bile acid metabolism | Lipid | 5.8E−03 |
Glutarate (c5-dc) | 1.59 | Fatty acid, dicarboxylate | Lipid | 3.6E−04 |
Perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos) | 1.51 | Chemical | Xenobiotics | 1.0E−02 |
n-Acetylarginine | 1.49 | Urea cycle; arginine and proline metabolism | Amino acid | < 3.6E−04 |
Serotonin | 1.48 | Tryptophan metabolism | Amino acid | 4.8E−02 |
n-Acetylglutamine | 1.45 | Glutamate metabolism | Amino acid | < 3.6E−04 |
Indoleacetylglutamine | 1.44 | Tryptophan metabolism | Amino acid | 3.1E−02 |
n-Acetylasparagine | 1.42 | Alanine and aspartate metabolism | Amino acid | < 3.6E−04 |
Hexanoylglutamine | 1.42 | Fatty acid metabolism (acyl glutamine) | Lipid | 1.3E−02 |
1-Stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-gpc (18:0/22:6) | 1.41 | Phosphatidylcholine (PC) | Lipid | 3.8E−04 |
n-Acetyl-2-aminooctanoate | 1.40 | Fatty acid, amino | Lipid | 2.5E−03 |
6-Oxopiperidine-2-carboxylate | 1.40 | Lysine metabolism | Amino acid | 9.8E−03 |
Taurocholenate sulfate | 1.38 | Secondary bile acid metabolism | Lipid | 3.5E−03 |
Campesterol | 1.37 | Sterol | Lipid | 3.1E−02 |
Carotene diol (3) | 1.36 | Vitamin A metabolism | Cofactors and vitamins | 5.0E−03 |
Arginine | 1.35 | Urea cycle; arginine and proline metabolism | Amino acid | < 3.6E−04 |
Cis-4-decenoylcarnitine (c10:1) | 1.34 | Fatty acid metabolism (acyl carnitine, monounsaturated) | Lipid | 5.0E−04 |
Picolinate | 1.33 | Tryptophan metabolism | Amino acid | 8.5E−03 |
1-(1-Enyl-stearoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-gpe (p-18:0/20:4) | 1.33 | Plasmalogen | Lipid | 2.3E−03 |
Metabolite | Fold difference | Subclass | Major class | FDR (Storey) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Theobromine | 0.26 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 9.2E−04 |
n-Methylpipecolate | 0.28 | Bacterial/fungal | Xenobiotics | 4.5E−03 |
Caffeine | 0.29 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 3.6E−03 |
n6-methyllysine | 0.30 | Lysine metabolism | Amino acid | 2.3E−03 |
3-Methylxanthine | 0.32 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 1.2E−04 |
5-Acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil | 0.34 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 1.1E−03 |
Tryptophan betaine | 0.35 | Tryptophan metabolism | Amino acid | 3.8E−04 |
7-Methylxanthine | 0.37 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 1.6E−04 |
1-Methylxanthine | 0.40 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 1.9E−04 |
1,7-Dimethylurate | 0.40 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 1.2E−03 |
2-Palmitoleoyl-gpc (16:1) | 0.41 | Lysophospholipid | Lipid | 8.2E−05 |
Theophylline | 0.44 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 5.3E−03 |
Galactonate | 0.45 | Fructose, mannose, and galactose metabolism | Carbohydrate | 2.0E−04 |
5alpha-androstan-3beta,17alpha-diol disulfate | 0.46 | Androgenic steroids | Lipid | 8.9E−05 |
2-Hydroxyacetaminophen sulfate | 0.47 | Drug — analgesics, anesthetics | Xenobiotics | 2.3E−02 |
Quinate | 0.47 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 5.1E−03 |
1,3-Dimethylurate | 0.47 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 7.8E−04 |
Paraxanthine | 0.48 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 1.4E−02 |
Palmitoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (16:0/18:2) [1] | 0.49 | Diacylglycerol | Lipid | 9.8E−05 |
3-Aminoisobutyrate | 0.49 | Pyrimidine metabolism, thymine containing | Nucleotide | 5.7E−04 |
Oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:1/18:2) [2] | 0.49 | Diacylglycerol | Lipid | 6.5E−04 |
Alpha-cehc sulfate | 0.49 | Tocopherol metabolism | Cofactors and vitamins | 6.9E−04 |
Metabolonic lactone sulfate | 0.50 | Partially characterized molecules | Partially characterized | 2.2E−04 |
1-Palmitoleoylglycerol (16:1) | 0.50 | Monoacylglycerol | Lipid | 1.8E−04 |
2-Aminophenol sulfate | 0.51 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 2.9E−04 |
2-Palmitoleoylglycerol (16:1) | 0.51 | Monoacylglycerol | Lipid | 1.1E−04 |
4-Ethylcatechol sulfate | 0.52 | Benzoate metabolism | Xenobiotics | 1.1E−03 |
1-Methylurate | 0.52 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 1.8E−04 |
n6,n6-dimethyllysine | 0.52 | Lysine metabolism | Amino acid | 1.5E−03 |
Vanillic acid glycine | 0.53 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 1.9E−04 |
Palmitoloelycholine | 0.53 | Fatty acid metabolism (acyl choline) | Lipid | 4.1E−04 |
Linoleoyl-linolenoyl-glycerol (18:2/18:3) [2] | 0.54 | Diacylglycerol | Lipid | 9.2E−05 |
n-Delta-acetylornithine | 0.54 | Urea cycle; arginine and proline metabolism | Amino acid | 2.3E−04 |
1,3,7-Trimethylurate | 0.54 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 2.1E−03 |
Myristoleate (14:1n5) | 0.55 | Long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid | Lipid | 1.3E−02 |
3-Methylglutarylcarnitine (2) | 0.55 | Leucine, isoleucine, and valine metabolism | Amino acid | 2.7E−04 |
Cholate | 0.55 | Primary bile acid metabolism | Lipid | 1.9E−03 |
Indolebutyrate | 0.55 | Tryptophan metabolism | Amino acid | 2.1E−04 |
Oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:1/18:2) [1] | 0.56 | Diacylglycerol | Lipid | 7.5E−04 |
Ethylmalonate | 0.57 | Leucine, isoleucine, and valine metabolism | Amino acid | 9.0E−04 |
Metabolite | Fold difference | Subclass | Major class | FDR (Storey) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sulfate | 7.25 | Benzoate metabolism | Xenobiotics | < 7.6E−05 |
Methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate sulfate | 4.29 | Benzoate metabolism | Xenobiotics | < 7.6E−05 |
Piperine | 3.19 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 3.8E−03 |
n-Acetylalliin | 2.80 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 2.1E−03 |
Sulfate of piperine metabolite c16h19no3 (3) | 2.67 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 1.1E−03 |
Sulfate of piperine metabolite c18h21no3 (1) | 2.66 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 1.2E−03 |
Sulfate of piperine metabolite c18h21no3 (3) | 2.51 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 8.7E−04 |
Umbelliferone sulfate | 2.49 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 4.8E−03 |
n-Acetyl-1-methylhistidine | 2.44 | Histidine metabolism | Amino acid | < 7.6E−05 |
3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate (cmpf) | 2.43 | Fatty acid, dicarboxylate | Lipid | 5.9E−03 |
Sulfate of piperine metabolite c16h19no3 (2) | 2.41 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 1.0E−03 |
2-Hydroxyfluorene sulfate | 2.33 | Tobacco metabolite | Xenobiotics | < 7.6E−05 |
2-Naphthol sulfate | 2.32 | Chemical | Xenobiotics | < 7.6E−05 |
Hydroxy-cmpf | 2.17 | Fatty acid, dicarboxylate | Lipid | 1.0E−02 |
n-Acetylcitrulline | 2.16 | Urea cycle; arginine and proline metabolism | Amino acid | < 7.6E−05 |
Thymol sulfate | 2.14 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 5.0E−02 |
Genistein sulfate | 2.13 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 3.7E−02 |
Gamma-cehc sulfate | 2.11 | Tocopherol metabolism | Cofactors and vitamins | 1.1E−03 |
Glycohyocholate | 1.89 | Secondary bile acid metabolism | Lipid | 5.8E−03 |
2-Piperidinone | 1.87 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 5.9E−03 |
Taurodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate | 1.86 | Secondary bile acid metabolism | Lipid | 1.5E−02 |
Tauro-beta-muricholate | 1.72 | Primary bile acid metabolism | Lipid | 2.6E−02 |
Glutarate (c5-dc) | 1.54 | Fatty acid, dicarboxylate | Lipid | 6.8E−03 |
n-Acetylglutamine | 1.49 | Glutamate metabolism | Amino acid | < 7.6E−05 |
Taurocholenate sulfate | 1.47 | Secondary bile acid metabolism | Lipid | 6.2E−03 |
Carotene diol (3) | 1.47 | Vitamin A metabolism | Cofactors and vitamins | 5.0E−03 |
Spermidine | 1.45 | Polyamine metabolism | Amino acid | 2.0E−02 |
n-Acetylarginine | 1.45 | Urea cycle; arginine and proline metabolism | Amino acid | 9.6E−04 |
n-Acetyl-2-aminooctanoate | 1.43 | Fatty acid, amino | Lipid | 1.2E−02 |
n-Acetylasparagine | 1.38 | Alanine and aspartate metabolism | Amino acid | 2.0E−03 |
Cis-4-decenoylcarnitine (c10:1) | 1.34 | Fatty acid metabolism (acyl carnitine, monounsaturated) | Lipid | 6.5E−03 |
Homoarginine | 1.33 | Urea cycle; arginine and proline metabolism | Amino acid | 1.0E−02 |
1-(1-Enyl-stearoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-gpe (p-18:0/20:4) | 1.29 | Plasmalogen | Lipid | 1.4E−02 |
Sphingomyelin (d18:1/20:1, d18:2/20:0) | 1.26 | Sphingomyelins | Lipid | < 7.6E−05 |
Arginine | 1.26 | Urea cycle; arginine and proline metabolism | Amino acid | 6.8E−03 |
Creatine | 1.26 | Creatine metabolism | Amino acid | 9.7E−03 |
Carotene diol (2) | 1.26 | Vitamin A metabolism | Cofactors and vitamins | 3.7E−02 |
3-Methoxytyrosine | 1.25 | Tyrosine metabolism | Amino acid | 1.6E−02 |
Sphingomyelin (d18:2/24:2) | 1.25 | Sphingomyelins | Lipid | 9.6E−04 |
Guanidinoacetate | 1.25 | Creatine metabolism | Amino acid | 6.9E−03 |
Succinylcarnitine (c4-dc) | 1.25 | TCA cycle | Energy | 3.5E−02 |
2′-o-methyluridine | 1.24 | Pyrimidine metabolism, uracil containing | Nucleotide | 1.5E−02 |
2-Hydroxyglutarate | 1.23 | Fatty acid, dicarboxylate | Lipid | 9.3E−03 |
1-(1-Enyl-palmitoyl)-2-linoleoyl-gpc (p-16:0/18:2) | 1.22 | Plasmalogen | Lipid | 1.2E−03 |
1-(1-Enyl-palmitoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-gpe (p-16:0/20:4) | 1.22 | Plasmalogen | Lipid | 3.5E−02 |
Sphingomyelin (d18:2/18:1) | 1.21 | Sphingomyelins | Lipid | 2.7E−02 |
Sphingomyelin (d18:1/20:2, d18:2/20:1, d16:1/22:2) | 1.20 | Sphingomyelins | Lipid | 2.0E−02 |
1-(1-Enyl-palmitoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-gpc (p-16:0/20:4) | 1.19 | Plasmalogen | Lipid | 6.2E−03 |
Sphingomyelin (d18:1/22:2, d18:2/22:1, d16:1/24:2) | 1.18 | Sphingomyelins | Lipid | 6.3E−03 |
1-(1-Enyl-palmitoyl)-2-palmitoyl-gpc (p-16:0/16:0) | 1.17 | Plasmalogen | Lipid | 2.0E−03 |
Gamma-glutamylthreonine | 1.15 | Gamma-glutamyl amino acid | Peptide | 3.7E−02 |
5-Methylthioribose | 1.15 | Methionine, cysteine, SAM, and taurine metabolism | Amino acid | 9.4E−03 |
1-(1-Enyl-palmitoyl)-2-oleoyl-gpc (p-16:0/18:1) | 1.15 | Plasmalogen | Lipid | 2.1E−02 |
Sphingomyelin (d18:1/17:0, d17:1/18:0, d19:1/16:0) | 1.13 | Sphingomyelins | Lipid | 2.7E−02 |
Betaine | 1.12 | Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism | Amino acid | 3.5E−02 |
Creatinine | 1.10 | Creatine metabolism | Amino acid | 2.2E−02 |
Metabolite | Fold difference | Subclass | Major class | FDR (Storey) |
---|---|---|---|---|
n-Methylpipecolate | 0.27 | Bacterial/fungal | Xenobiotics | 4.8E−03 |
n6-methyllysine | 0.31 | Lysine metabolism | Amino acid | 2.4E−03 |
Theobromine | 0.33 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 1.9E−03 |
Tryptophan betaine | 0.35 | Tryptophan metabolism | Amino acid | 1.8E−04 |
Myristoleate (14:1n5) | 0.36 | Long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid | Lipid | 1.2E−03 |
3-Methylxanthine | 0.37 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 2.5E−04 |
Palmitoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (16:0/18:2) [1] | 0.38 | Diacylglycerol | Lipid | 2.3E−04 |
5-Acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil | 0.39 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 2.7E−03 |
2-Palmitoleoylglycerol (16:1) | 0.40 | Monoacylglycerol | Lipid | 3.0E−04 |
Metabolonic lactone sulfate | 0.41 | Partially characterized | Partially characterized | 4.8E−04 |
Alpha-cehc sulfate | 0.41 | Tocopherol metabolism | Cofactors and vitamins | 5.3E−04 |
Galactonate | 0.42 | Fructose, mannose, and galactose metabolism | Carbohydrate | 4.0E−04 |
2-Hydroxyacetaminophen sulfate | 0.42 | Drug — analgesics, anesthetics | Xenobiotics | 2.9E−02 |
7-Methylxanthine | 0.43 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 1.5E−03 |
1-Palmitoleoylglycerol (16:1) | 0.44 | Monoacylglycerol | Lipid | 2.2E−04 |
Oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:1/18:2) [2] | 0.45 | Diacylglycerol | Lipid | 1.2E−03 |
Caffeine | 0.45 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 8.2E−03 |
Linoleoyl-linolenoyl-glycerol (18:2/18:3) [2] | 0.45 | Diacylglycerol | Lipid | 1.6E−04 |
1,7-Dimethylurate | 0.46 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 2.6E−03 |
1-Methylxanthine | 0.47 | Xanthine metabolism | Xenobiotics | 1.2E−03 |
Docosatrienoate (22:3n6) | 0.48 | Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3 and n6) | Lipid | 2.1E−04 |
3-Methylglutarylcarnitine (2) | 0.48 | Leucine, isoleucine, and valine metabolism | Amino acid | 4.0E−04 |
Palmitoleate (16:1n7) | 0.49 | Long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid | Lipid | 2.0E−04 |
2-Palmitoleoyl-gpc (16:1) | 0.49 | Lysophospholipid | Lipid | 4.0E−03 |
9-Hydroxystearate | 0.49 | Fatty acid, monohydroxy | Lipid | 8.1E−05 |
Linoleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:2/18:2) [2] | 0.50 | Diacylglycerol | Lipid | 8.2E−05 |
5alpha-androstan-3beta,17alpha-diol disulfate | 0.50 | Androgenic steroids | Lipid | 1.3E−03 |
Vanillic acid glycine | 0.51 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 9.6E−04 |
3-Aminoisobutyrate | 0.51 | Pyrimidine metabolism, thymine containing | Nucleotide | 4.3E−04 |
Ceramide (d16:1/24:1, d18:1/22:1) | 0.51 | Ceramides | Lipid | 1.9E−04 |
Palmitoloelycholine | 0.52 | Fatty acid metabolism (acyl choline) | Lipid | 2.8E−04 |
2-Aminophenol sulfate | 0.52 | Food component/plant | Xenobiotics | 2.0E−03 |
Oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:1/18:2) [1] | 0.53 | Diacylglycerol | Lipid | 1.6E−03 |
1-Palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-gpc (16:0/16:1) | 0.53 | Phosphatidylcholine (PC) | Lipid | 9.6E−04 |
Palmitoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (16:0/18:2) [2] | 0.53 | Diacylglycerol | Lipid | 2.1E−04 |
n6,n6-dimethyllysine | 0.53 | Lysine metabolism | Amino acid | 8.0E−04 |
Cystathionine | 0.54 | Methionine, cysteine, SAM, and taurine metabolism | Amino acid | 1.4E−03 |
5alpha-androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol monosulfate (1) | 0.54 | Androgenic steroids | Lipid | 4.0E−04 |
Linear regression analysis of metabolite subclasses
Subclass | Fold difference (95% CI) | n total metabolites | n significant metabolites | n > 1 | n < 1 | FDR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Creatine metabolism | 1.20 (1.11, 1.29) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | < 9.0E−05 |
Long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid | 0.61 (0.49, 0.75) | 7 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 9.5E−05 |
Pyrimidine metabolism, thymine containing | 0.73 (0.63, 0.83) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1.2E−04 |
Ceramides | 0.74 (0.65, 0.85) | 9 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 1.4E−04 |
Lysophospholipid | 0.75 (0.67, 0.84) | 29 | 24 | 0 | 24 | 1.6E−04 |
Monoacylglycerol | 0.65 (0.54, 0.79) | 16 | 13 | 0 | 13 | 1.6E−04 |
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) | 0.70 (0.60, 0.83) | 12 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 1.8E−04 |
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) | 0.75 (0.67, 0.83) | 6 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 2.4E−04 |
Glycerolipid metabolism | 0.77 (0.68, 0.87) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2.6E−04 |
Tryptophan metabolism | 0.84 (0.77, 0.92) | 20 | 11 | 0 | 11 | 3.3E−04 |
Diacylglycerol | 0.57 (0.47, 0.68) | 11 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 4.7E−04 |
Pyrimidine metabolism, orotate containing | 0.79 (0.70, 0.90) | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 7.1E−04 |
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3 and n6) | 0.72 (0.61, 0.86) | 17 | 14 | 0 | 14 | 7.7E−04 |
Leucine, isoleucine, and valine metabolism | 0.87 (0.80, 0.94) | 28 | 15 | 0 | 15 | 7.8E−04 |
Lysine metabolism | 0.83 (0.75, 0.92) | 16 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 9.5E−04 |
Fatty acid metabolism (acyl choline) | 0.72 (0.60, 0.87) | 9 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 9.8E−04 |
Xanthine metabolism | 0.49 (0.32, 0.74) | 13 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 1.5E−03 |
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism | 0.84 (0.75, 0.93) | 6 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 2.2E−03 |
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) | 0.85 (0.77, 0.94) | 19 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 2.4E−03 |
Fatty acid, dihydroxy | 0.85 (0.76, 0.94) | 5 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2.9E−03 |
Fructose, mannose, and galactose metabolism | 0.79 (0.68, 0.92) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.3E−03 |
Guanidino and acetamido metabolism | 0.73 (0.60, 0.89) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.4E−03 |
Pentose metabolism | 0.85 (0.76, 0.95) | 6 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 4.7E−03 |
Long-chain saturated fatty acid | 0.82 (0.72, 0.95) | 7 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 7.0E−03 |
Dihydroceramides | 0.79 (0.66, 0.94) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 7.4E−03 |
Pyrimidine metabolism, cytidine containing | 0.84 (0.74, 0.96) | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1.3E−02 |
Eicosanoid | 0.75 (0.59, 0.95) | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1.7E−02 |
Chemical | 0.87 (0.78, 0.98) | 20 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 1.9E−02 |
Fatty Acid, monohydroxy | 0.90 (0.82, 0.98) | 19 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 2.0E−02 |
Androgenic steroids | 0.80 (0.66, 0.97) | 21 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 2.1E−02 |
Pantothenate and CoA metabolism | 0.78 (0.63, 0.98) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.0E−02 |
Gamma-glutamyl amino acid | 0.93 (0.86, 1.00) | 15 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 3.4E−02 |
Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism | 0.86 (0.75, 0.99) | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3.6E−02 |
Sphingosines | 0.88 (0.78, 1.00) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.6E−02 |
Purine metabolism, adenine containing | 0.94 (0.88, 1.00) | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4.0E−02 |
Fatty acid metabolism (acyl carnitine, dicarboxylate) | 0.86 (0.73, 1.01) | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4.6E−02 |
Sphingolipid synthesis | 0.89 (0.79, 1.00) | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4.6E−02 |
Phospholipid metabolism | 0.92 (0.84, 1.00) | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4.7E−02 |