Introduction
Methods
Study design
Questionnaire
Data analysis
Results
Characteristics of the surveyed general practitioners
Number of GPs reached | 2,014 | |
Number of GPs returning questionnaire (n, %a) | 292 | Response rate: 14.5% |
Gender (n, %a) | ||
Female | 170 | 59.4% |
Male | 116 | 40.6% |
NR | 6 | - |
Work experience as GP (median, interquartile range) | 15 years | IQR: 8 – 23 |
Employment status (n, %a) | ||
Self-employed GP | 244 | 85.0% |
Employed in general practice | 43 | 15.0% |
NR | 5 | - |
Practice type (n, %a, 95% CI) | ||
Single-handed practice | 168 | 57.9% |
Group practice | 95 | 32.8% |
Ambulatory healthcare centre | 25 | 8.6% |
Other | 2 | 0.7% |
NR | 2 | - |
Population size of practice location (n, %a) | ||
Rural community (< 5,000 pop.) | 84 | 29.3% |
Small town (5,000—20,000 pop.) | 70 | 24.5% |
Large town (20,000—100,000 pop.) | 65 | 22.7% |
Urban centres (> 100,000 pop.) | 67 | 23.4% |
NR | 6 | - |
German federal state (n, %a) | ||
Thuringia | 212 | 73.1% |
Bremen | 45 | 15.5% |
Bavaria [Lower Franconia] | 31 | 10.7% |
Other | 2 | 0.7% |
NR | 2 | - |
Utilization of POCTs among general practitioners
Perceived usefulness of POCTs in different primary care settings and barriers of POCT use in GP practices
Category and subcategory | Example |
---|---|
Economic aspects (
n
= 155)
| |
High costs (n = 105) | “Costs for devices and test stripes” |
Inadequate or lack of reimbursement (n = 50) | “Reimbursement does not cover the costs or lack of reimbursement” |
Test-related aspects (
n
= 92)
| |
Inferior diagnostic accuracy (n = 56) | “Poor sensitivity/specificity” |
Limited shelf life (n = 17) | “[Limited] shelf life, due to infrequent test use” |
Difficult handling (n = 8) | “Insecurity of medical staff in performing the test” |
Required maintenance of devices (n = 6) | “Frequent maintenance procedures of the devices” |
Other (n = 5) | “Sampling material (pre analytical steps)” |
Integrability into practice routine (
n
= 81)
| |
Time expenses (n = 33) | “Time disadvantages, e.g. time to result; [POCTs] often not feasible in crowded GP practice” |
Personnel expenses (n = 14) | “Substantial personnel expenses” |
Organizational consequences (n = 14) | “Integrability into daily practice routines” |
Purchase of POCT devices (n = 11) | “Various suppliers, confusing” |
Space requirement, incl. storage space (n = 5) | “Laboratory [space] required”; “Storage of test equipment” |
Other (n = 4) | “Bureaucratic burden” |
Clinical aspects (
n
= 18)
| |
Limited clinical value (n = 11) | “Not all tests are useful in rural GP practice”; “Often, they [POCTs] do not help me in my decision” |
Low frequency of test occasion (n = 7) | “Infrequent use”; “Low utilization rate of devices” |
Other (
n
= 6)
| |
“Clinical experiences of GPs very heterogeneous”; “Fear of regress claims” |