Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Herz 1/2015

01.02.2015 | Schwerpunkt

Prä-, peri- und postinterventionelle Antikoagulation im Rahmen der Vorhofflimmerablation

Aktueller Stand und praktisches Vorgehen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. M. Antz, S. Willems, B.A. Hoffmann

Erschienen in: Herz | Ausgabe 1/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die Katheterablation ist neben der frequenzkontrollierenden oder rhythmuserhaltenden medikamentösen Therapie integraler Bestandteil der Behandlung von Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern (VHF). Ein weiterer Eckpfeiler der Therapie von VHF ist die adäquate orale Antikoagulation. Neben den Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) Phenprocoumon und Warfarin sind zur oralen Antikoagulation bei VHF auch die direkten oralen Antikoagulanzien (DOAK) Apixaban, Dabigatran und Rivaroxaban zugelassen. Entsprechend ergeben sich prä-, peri- und postablativ verschiedene Antikoagulationsmöglichkeiten. Durch die zunehmende klinische Erfahrung mit den DOAK und die weltweit ansteigende Anzahl von VHF-Ablationen unterliegen insbesondere die periinterventionellen Therapieregime einem ständigen Wandel, sodass die vorliegende Arbeit den aktuellen Stand aufzeigt und praktische Hinweise gibt.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S et al (2009) Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 361(12):1139–1151CrossRefPubMed Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S et al (2009) Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 361(12):1139–1151CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ et al (2011) Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 365(11):981–992CrossRefPubMed Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ et al (2011) Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 365(11):981–992CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J et al (2011) Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 365(10):883–891CrossRefPubMed Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J et al (2011) Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 365(10):883–891CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Miller CS, Grandi SM, Shimony A et al (2012) Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 110(3):453–460CrossRefPubMed Miller CS, Grandi SM, Shimony A et al (2012) Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 110(3):453–460CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E et al (2014) Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 383(9921):955–962CrossRefPubMed Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E et al (2014) Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 383(9921):955–962CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat European Heart Rhythm Association; European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Camm AJ, Kirchhof P et al (2010) Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Europace 12(10):1360–1420CrossRef European Heart Rhythm Association; European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Camm AJ, Kirchhof P et al (2010) Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Europace 12(10):1360–1420CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Task Force Members, Lip GY, Windecker S et al (2014) Management of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and/or undergoing percutaneous coronary or valve interventions: a joint consensus document of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis, European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and European Association of Acute Cardiac Care (ACCA) endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS). Eur Heart J 35(45):3155–3179CrossRef Task Force Members, Lip GY, Windecker S et al (2014) Management of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and/or undergoing percutaneous coronary or valve interventions: a joint consensus document of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis, European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and European Association of Acute Cardiac Care (ACCA) endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS). Eur Heart J 35(45):3155–3179CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Camm AJ, Lip GY, De Caterina R et al (2012) 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. Eur Heart J 33(21):2719–2747CrossRefPubMed Camm AJ, Lip GY, De Caterina R et al (2012) 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. Eur Heart J 33(21):2719–2747CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS et al (2014) 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 130(23):e199–e267CrossRefPubMed January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS et al (2014) 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 130(23):e199–e267CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Camm AJ, Lip GYH, De Caterina R et al (2013) Corrigendum to: ‚2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation‘ [Eur Heart J (2012); 33(21):2719–2747]. Eur Heart J 2013;34(36):2850–2851 Camm AJ, Lip GYH, De Caterina R et al (2013) Corrigendum to: ‚2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation‘ [Eur Heart J (2012); 33(21):2719–2747]. Eur Heart J 2013;34(36):2850–2851
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Connolly SJ, Eikelboom J, Joyner C et al (2011) Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 364(9):806–817CrossRefPubMed Connolly SJ, Eikelboom J, Joyner C et al (2011) Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 364(9):806–817CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Raviele A, Natale A, Calkins H et al (2012) Venice Chart international consensus document on atrial fibrillation ablation: 2011 update. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 23(8):890–923CrossRefPubMed Raviele A, Natale A, Calkins H et al (2012) Venice Chart international consensus document on atrial fibrillation ablation: 2011 update. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 23(8):890–923CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Calkins H, Kuck KH, Cappato R et al (2012) 2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design. Europace 14(4):528–606CrossRefPubMed Calkins H, Kuck KH, Cappato R et al (2012) 2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design. Europace 14(4):528–606CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Natale A, Raviele A, Arentz T et al (2007) Venice Chart international consensus document on atrial fibrillation ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 18(5):560–580CrossRefPubMed Natale A, Raviele A, Arentz T et al (2007) Venice Chart international consensus document on atrial fibrillation ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 18(5):560–580CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Gopinath D, Lewis WR, Di Biase L, Natale A (2011) Pulmonary vein antrum isolation for atrial fibrillation on therapeutic coumadin: special considerations. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 22(2):236–239PubMed Gopinath D, Lewis WR, Di Biase L, Natale A (2011) Pulmonary vein antrum isolation for atrial fibrillation on therapeutic coumadin: special considerations. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 22(2):236–239PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoffmann BA, Kuck KH, Andresen D et al (2014) Impact of structural heart disease on the acute complication rate in atrial fibrillation ablation: results from the German Ablation Registry. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 25(3):242–249CrossRefPubMed Hoffmann BA, Kuck KH, Andresen D et al (2014) Impact of structural heart disease on the acute complication rate in atrial fibrillation ablation: results from the German Ablation Registry. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 25(3):242–249CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Abhishek F, Heist EK, Barrett C et al (2011) Effectiveness of a strategy to reduce major vascular complications from catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 30(3):211–215CrossRefPubMed Abhishek F, Heist EK, Barrett C et al (2011) Effectiveness of a strategy to reduce major vascular complications from catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 30(3):211–215CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim JS, Jongnarangsin K, Latchamsetty R et al (2013) The optimal range of international normalized ratio for radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation during therapeutic anticoagulation with warfarin. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 6(2):302–309CrossRefPubMed Kim JS, Jongnarangsin K, Latchamsetty R et al (2013) The optimal range of international normalized ratio for radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation during therapeutic anticoagulation with warfarin. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 6(2):302–309CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Di Biase L, Burkhardt JD, Santangeli P et al (2014) Periprocedural stroke and bleeding complications in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation with different anticoagulation management: results from the Role of Coumadin in Preventing Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation (COMPARE) randomized trial. Circulation 129(25):2638–2644CrossRef Di Biase L, Burkhardt JD, Santangeli P et al (2014) Periprocedural stroke and bleeding complications in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation with different anticoagulation management: results from the Role of Coumadin in Preventing Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation (COMPARE) randomized trial. Circulation 129(25):2638–2644CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Heidbuchel H, Verhamme P, Alings M et al (2013) European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace 15(5):625–651CrossRefPubMed Heidbuchel H, Verhamme P, Alings M et al (2013) European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace 15(5):625–651CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Bassiouny M, Saliba W, Rickard J et al (2013) Use of dabigatran for periprocedural anticoagulation in patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 6(3):460–466CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Bassiouny M, Saliba W, Rickard J et al (2013) Use of dabigatran for periprocedural anticoagulation in patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 6(3):460–466CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim JS, She F, Jongnarangsin K et al (2013) Dabigatran vs warfarin for radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 10(4):483–489CrossRefPubMed Kim JS, She F, Jongnarangsin K et al (2013) Dabigatran vs warfarin for radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 10(4):483–489CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Lakkireddy D, Reddy YM, Di Biase L et al (2014) Feasibility and safety of uninterrupted rivaroxaban for periprocedural anticoagulation in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: results from a multicenter prospective registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 63(10):982–988CrossRefPubMed Lakkireddy D, Reddy YM, Di Biase L et al (2014) Feasibility and safety of uninterrupted rivaroxaban for periprocedural anticoagulation in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: results from a multicenter prospective registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 63(10):982–988CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Verma A, Cairns JA, Mitchell LB et al (2014) 2014 focused update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Can J Cardiol 30(10):1114–1130CrossRefPubMed Verma A, Cairns JA, Mitchell LB et al (2014) 2014 focused update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Can J Cardiol 30(10):1114–1130CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Ren JF, Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ (2004) Left atrial thrombus associated with ablation for atrial fibrillation: identification with intracardiac echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 43(10):1861–1867CrossRefPubMed Ren JF, Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ (2004) Left atrial thrombus associated with ablation for atrial fibrillation: identification with intracardiac echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 43(10):1861–1867CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Dorwarth U, Fiek M, Remp T et al (2003) Radiofrequency catheter ablation: different cooled and noncooled electrode systems induce specific lesion geometries and adverse effects profiles. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 26(7 Pt 1):1438–1445CrossRefPubMed Dorwarth U, Fiek M, Remp T et al (2003) Radiofrequency catheter ablation: different cooled and noncooled electrode systems induce specific lesion geometries and adverse effects profiles. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 26(7 Pt 1):1438–1445CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Wazni OM, Rossillo A, Marrouche NF et al (2005) Embolic events and char formation during pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation: impact of different anticoagulation regimens and importance of intracardiac echo imaging. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 16(6):576–581CrossRefPubMed Wazni OM, Rossillo A, Marrouche NF et al (2005) Embolic events and char formation during pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation: impact of different anticoagulation regimens and importance of intracardiac echo imaging. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 16(6):576–581CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Maleki K, Mohammadi R, Hart D et al (2005) Intracardiac ultrasound detection of thrombus on transseptal sheath: incidence, treatment, and prevention. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 16(6):561–565CrossRefPubMed Maleki K, Mohammadi R, Hart D et al (2005) Intracardiac ultrasound detection of thrombus on transseptal sheath: incidence, treatment, and prevention. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 16(6):561–565CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Asbach S, Biermann J, Bode C, Faber TS (2011) Early heparin administration reduces risk for left atrial thrombus formation during atrial fibrillation ablation procedures. Cardiol Res Pract 2011:615087PubMedCentralPubMed Asbach S, Biermann J, Bode C, Faber TS (2011) Early heparin administration reduces risk for left atrial thrombus formation during atrial fibrillation ablation procedures. Cardiol Res Pract 2011:615087PubMedCentralPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruce CJ, Friedman PA, Narayan O et al (2008) Early heparinization decreases the incidence of left atrial thrombi detected by intracardiac echocardiography during radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 22(3):211–219CrossRefPubMed Bruce CJ, Friedman PA, Narayan O et al (2008) Early heparinization decreases the incidence of left atrial thrombi detected by intracardiac echocardiography during radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 22(3):211–219CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Ren JF, Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ et al (2005) Increased intensity of anticoagulation may reduce risk of thrombus during atrial fibrillation ablation procedures in patients with spontaneous echo contrast. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 16(5):474–477CrossRefPubMed Ren JF, Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ et al (2005) Increased intensity of anticoagulation may reduce risk of thrombus during atrial fibrillation ablation procedures in patients with spontaneous echo contrast. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 16(5):474–477CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt M, Segerson NM, Marschang H et al (2009) Atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with therapeutic international normalized ratios. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 32(8):995–999CrossRefPubMed Schmidt M, Segerson NM, Marschang H et al (2009) Atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with therapeutic international normalized ratios. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 32(8):995–999CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Chilukuri K, Henrikson CA, Dalal D et al (2009) Incidence and outcomes of protamine reactions in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 25(3):175–181CrossRefPubMed Chilukuri K, Henrikson CA, Dalal D et al (2009) Incidence and outcomes of protamine reactions in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 25(3):175–181CrossRefPubMed
34.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Blanc JJ, Almendral J, Brignole M et al (2008) Consensus document on antithrombotic therapy in the setting of electrophysiological procedures. Europace 10(5):513–527CrossRefPubMed Blanc JJ, Almendral J, Brignole M et al (2008) Consensus document on antithrombotic therapy in the setting of electrophysiological procedures. Europace 10(5):513–527CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Chao TF, Lin YJ, Tsao HM et al (2011) CHADS(2) and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc scores in the prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol 58(23):2380–2385CrossRefPubMed Chao TF, Lin YJ, Tsao HM et al (2011) CHADS(2) and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc scores in the prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol 58(23):2380–2385CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Brambatti M, Connolly SJ, Gold MR et al (2014) Temporal relationship between subclinical atrial fibrillation and embolic events. Circulation 129(21):2094–2099CrossRefPubMed Brambatti M, Connolly SJ, Gold MR et al (2014) Temporal relationship between subclinical atrial fibrillation and embolic events. Circulation 129(21):2094–2099CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Prä-, peri- und postinterventionelle Antikoagulation im Rahmen der Vorhofflimmerablation
Aktueller Stand und praktisches Vorgehen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. M. Antz
S. Willems
B.A. Hoffmann
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2015
Verlag
Urban & Vogel
Erschienen in
Herz / Ausgabe 1/2015
Print ISSN: 0340-9937
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6692
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-014-4196-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2015

Herz 1/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Die „Zehn Gebote“ des Endokarditis-Managements

30.04.2024 Endokarditis Leitlinie kompakt

Worauf kommt es beim Management von Personen mit infektiöser Endokarditis an? Eine Kardiologin und ein Kardiologe fassen die zehn wichtigsten Punkte der neuen ESC-Leitlinie zusammen.

Strenge Blutdruckeinstellung lohnt auch im Alter noch

30.04.2024 Arterielle Hypertonie Nachrichten

Ältere Frauen, die von chronischen Erkrankungen weitgehend verschont sind, haben offenbar die besten Chancen, ihren 90. Geburtstag zu erleben, wenn ihr systolischer Blutdruck < 130 mmHg liegt. Das scheint selbst für 80-Jährige noch zu gelten.

Sind Frauen die fähigeren Ärzte?

30.04.2024 Gendermedizin Nachrichten

Patienten, die von Ärztinnen behandelt werden, dürfen offenbar auf bessere Therapieergebnisse hoffen als Patienten von Ärzten. Besonders gilt das offenbar für weibliche Kranke, wie eine Studie zeigt.

Dihydropyridin-Kalziumantagonisten können auf die Nieren gehen

30.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Im Vergleich zu anderen Blutdrucksenkern sind Kalziumantagonisten vom Diyhdropyridin-Typ mit einem erhöhten Risiko für eine Mikroalbuminurie und in Abwesenheit eines RAS-Blockers auch für ein terminales Nierenversagen verbunden.

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.