Background
Methods
Study design and population
Sociodemographics
Sexual activity questionnaire
Physical checkup
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographic characters and prevalence of sexual activity
Hypertensive group | Normotensive group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | Men (n = 225) | Women (n = 277) | Men (n = 82) | Women (n = 91) |
Age, mean±SD
| 48.79 ± 7.39 | 48.26 ± 6.93 | 45.69 ± 6.58 | 46.49 ± 7.26 |
Blood pressure, mean±SD
| SBP:149.80 ± 11.13 DBP:97.74 ± 8.43 | 151.87 ± 11.13 95.76 ± 8.04 | SBP:121.15 ± 9.70 DBP:78.90 ± 8.67 | 117.10 ± 11.96 73.85 ± 9.89 |
Educational level
| ||||
Primary school | 34 (15.1) | 139 (50.2) | 7 (8.5) | 8 (8.8) |
High school | 149 (66.2) | 123 (44.4) | 29 (35.3) | 53 (58.2) |
University | 42 (18.7) | 15 (5.4) | 46 (56.2) | 30 (33.0) |
Occupational status
| ||||
Retired or unemployed | 42 (18.7) | 184 (66.4) | 36 (43.9) | 34 (37.4) |
Professional | 147 (65.3) | 59 (21.3) | 27 (32.9) | 40 (43.9) |
Physical labor | 36 (16.0) | 34 (12.3) | 19 (23.2) | 17 (18.7) |
Income (RMB)
| ||||
≤1000 | 37 (16.4) | 194 (70.0) | 8 (9.7) | 47 (51.6) |
1001 ~ 3000 | 129 (57.3) | 74 (26.7) | 62 (75.6) | 38 (41.8) |
≥3000 | 59 (26.2) | 9 (3.2) | 12 (14.6) | 6 (6.6) |
Cigarette smoking
| ||||
Never | 85 (37.8) | 271 (97.8) | 34 (41.5) | 86 (94.5) |
Moderate | 28 (12.4) | 6 (2.2) | 21 (25.6) | 3 (3.2) |
Heavy | 112 (49.8) | 0 | 27 (32.9) | 2 (2.3) |
Alcohol consumption
| ||||
Never | 106 (47.1) | 262 (94.6) | 31 (37.8) | 54 (59.3) |
Moderate | 80 (35.6) | 14 (5.1) | 29 (35.4) | 25 (27.5) |
Heavy | 39 (17.3) | 1 (0.4) | 22 (26.8) | 12 (13.2) |
Tea drinking
| ||||
Never | 16 (7.1) | 48 (17.3) | 16 (19.5) | 16 (17.6) |
Moderate | 53 (23.6) | 95 (34.3) | 24 (29.3) | 34 (37.4) |
Heavy | 156 (69.3) | 134 (48.4) | 42 (51.2) | 41 (45.0) |
Medication use
| ||||
ACEI/ARB | 32 (14.2) | 23 (8.3) | − | − |
β blockers | 8 (3.6) | 9 (3.2) | − | − |
CCB | 28 (12.4) | 37 (13.4) | − | − |
Diuretics or others | 14 (6.2) | 17 (6.1) | − | − |
No medication | 143 (63.6) | 191 (69) | − | − |
Hypertension (n = 502) | Normotension (n = 173) | χ 2
| Men with hypertension (n = 225) | Women with hypertension (n = 277) | χ 2
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency of sexual activity (times/month) | 4.22 | 13.97**
| ||||
Low (≤1) | 159 (31.7) | 46 (26.6) | 57 (25.3) | 102 (36.8) | ||
Medium (2–3) | 209 (41.6) | 67 (38.7) | 91 (40.4) | 118 (42.6) | ||
High (≥4) | 134 (26.7) | 60 (34.7) | 77 (34.3) | 57 (20.6) | ||
Frequency of orgasm (times/month) | 10.69**
| 179.27**
| ||||
Low (≤1) | 187 (37.3) | 81 (46.8) | 15 (6.70) | 172 (62.1) | ||
Medium (2–3) | 225 (44.8) | 53 (30.6) | 134 (59.6) | 91 (32.9) | ||
High (≥4) | 90 (17.9) | 39 (22.5) | 76 (33.7) | 14 (5.0) | ||
Frequency of sexual satisfaction (times/month) | 31.67**
| 54.91**
| ||||
Low (≤1) | 95 (18.9) | 67 (38.7) | 15 (6.70) | 80 (28.9) | ||
Medium (2–3) | 297 (59.2) | 66 (38.2) | 136 (60.4) | 161 (58.1) | ||
High (≥4) | 110 (21.9) | 40 (23.1) | 74 (32.9) | 36 (13.0) | ||
Duration of sexual activity (min/time) | 56.35**
| 25.17**
| ||||
≤5 | 164 (32.7) | 35 (20.2) | 55 (24.4) | 109 (39.6) | ||
6–20 | 299 (59.6) | 86 (49.7) | 140 (62.2) | 159 (57.4) | ||
≥20 | 39 (7.8) | 52 (30.1) | 30 (13.4) | 9 (3.0) | ||
Coital position | 1.11 | 15.64**
| ||||
Man on top | 379 (75.5) | 132 (76.3) | 151 (67.1) | 228 (82.3) | ||
Women on top | 83 (16.5) | 24 (13.8) | 49 (21.8) | 34 (12.3) | ||
Other position | 40 (8.0) | 17 (9.9) | 25 (11.1) | 15 (5.4) | ||
Sexual feeling | 3.39 | |||||
Comfortable | 422 (84.1) | 165 (95.4) | 14.21 | 197 (87.6) | 198 (71.5) | |
Uncomfortable | 79 (15.9) | 8 (4.6) | 28 (12.4) | 79 (28.5) |
Factors associated with sexual activity in hypertensive subjects
Frequency | Orgasm | Satisfaction | Duration | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
Education | ||||||||
Primary school | 1.15 (0.42,3.15) | 0.51 (0.17, 1.52) | 1.16 (0.38,3.51) | 0.36 (0.11,1.12) | 0.69 (0.23,2.12) | 0.41 (0.13, 1.32) |
0.14 (0.04,0.43)*
| 0.61 (0.17,2.15) |
High school | 0.99 (0.51,1.94) | 0.86 (0.31, 2.43) | 1.29 (0.62,2.68) | 0.62 (0.21,1.82) | 1.07 (0.52,2.23) | 0.76 (0.25, 2.3) |
0.31 (0.14,0.66)*
| 1.41 (0.42,4.74) |
University | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Income status | ||||||||
≤1000 | 0.55 (0.19,1.56) | 1.75 (0.39,7.84) | 0.49 (0.16,1.56) | 0.35 (0.07,1.68) | 0.63 (0.20,1.96) | 0.65 (0.13, 3.25) | 0.51 (0.16,1.59) | 1.17 (0.21, 6.66) |
1001 ~ 3000 | 0.76 (0.41,1.39) | 1.74 (0.43,7.09) | 0.63 (0.33,1.22) | 0.79 (0.18,3.39) | 0.71 (0.37,1.37) | 0.97 (0.22,4.39) | 0.87 (0.45,1.71) | 1.73 (0.33,9.03) |
≥3000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Occupation | ||||||||
Unemployed or Retired
|
0.28 (0.12,0.69)*
| 0.29 (0.14, 0.62) |
0.32 (0.12,0.86)*
| 1.06 (0.43,2.61) |
0.33 (0.19,0.88)*
|
0.33 (0.15, 0.74)*
| 1.31 (0.51,3.42) | 1.74 (0.25,1.33) |
Professional | 0.96 (0.44,2.14) | 0.65 (0.24,1.72) | 0.88 (0.37,2.09) | 0.85 (0.28,2.57) | 0.78 (0.33,1.84) |
0.39 (0.14, 1.14)*
| 1.52 (0.64,3.62) | 1.15 (0.37,3.57) |
Physical labor | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Cigarette smoking | ||||||||
Never | 0.71 (0.39,1.27) | 2.06 (0.25,4.62) | 0.63 (0.33,1.19) | 6.42 (5.10,8.16) | 0.64 (0.34,1.21) | 1.47 (0.02,8.91) | 1.05 (0.55,1.97) | 7.61 (6.35,9.21) |
Moderate | 0.83 (0.37,1.85) | 2.45 (0.43,5.52) | 0.95 (0.39,2.24) | 5.69 (4.22,7.34) | 1.19 (0.51,2.82) | 1.29 (0.16,10.5) | 0.85 (0.36,2.03) | 8.41 (7.22,10.14) |
Heavy | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
Never | 1.24 (0.61,2.58) | 0.15 (0.14, 0.17) | 1.49 (0.67,3.32) | 0.45 (0.01, 27.8) | 1.61 (0.72,3.59) | 0.15 (0.14,0.18) |
4.49 (1.28,6.41)*
| 0.53 (0.03, 83.7) |
Moderate | 1.45 (0.68,3.03) | 0.17 (0.15,0.19) | 2.08 (0.92,4.71) | 1.05 (0.01,70.1) | 1.89 (0.84,4.30) | 0.14 (0.13,0.17) | 2.02 (0.89,4.55) | 1.02 (0.05, 68.3) |
Heavy | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Tea drinking | ||||||||
Never
| 1.37 (0.51,3.71) | 0.62 (0.31, 1.17) | 0.72 (0.24,2.14) |
0.42 (0.18, 0.96)*
| 1.08 (0.37,3.14) |
0.49 (0.24,0.98)*
| 0.93 (0.31,2.73) |
0.29 (0.14, 0.64)*
|
Moderate | 1.13 (0.61,2.09) | 0.77 (0.46, 1.68) | 0.95 (0.49,1.85) | 0.67 (0.38,1.19) | 0.81 (0.41,1.59) | 0.76 (0.44,1.32) | 0.87 (0.44,1.71) | 0.73 (0.41,1.29) |
Heavy | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Medication | ||||||||
Yes | 1.13 (0.66,1.93) | 0.84 (0.51, 1.38) | 0.79 (0.45,1.43) | 0.91 (0.53,1.58) | 1.07 (0.59,1.92) | 0.84 (0.49,1.41) | 1.18 (0.65,2.12) | 0.72 (0.41,1.26) |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
ECG result | ||||||||
Normal | 1.61 (0.94,2.76) | 0.96 (0.59, 1.56) | 1.63 (0.91,2.94) | 0.69 (0.41,1.19) | 1.50 (0.83,2.71) | 0.91 (0.56, 1.52) | 1.58(0.87,2.86) | 0.64 (0.37,0.91) |
Abnormal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |