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2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

33. Primär sklerosierende Cholangitis

verfasst von : Jörg C. Hoffmann

Erschienen in: Chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankungen

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Die PSC ist eine extraintestinale Manifestation, die bei 3–8 % der CED-Patienten auftritt. Nur ca. 20 % aller PSC-Patienten haben keine CED. Das Hauptkennzeichen sind Gallenwegsveränderungen, die besonders die großen Gallenwege betreffen, wobei Entzündung und Fibrose zur Bildung von Strikturen mit prästenostischen Dilatationen führen (perlschnurartiges Muster). Neben der klassischen PSC tritt seltener eine PSC der kleinen Gallengänge auf, die bei ca. 20 % der Patienten später in eine klassische PSC übergeht. Diagnostiziert wird die PSC heute meist mit der MRCP oder, wenn diese negativ ist, mit der ERCP. Die ERCP wird heute v. a. bei nachgewiesenen dominanten Stenosen eingesetzt, einerseits um zu klären, ob diese maligne sind, und andererseits um diese zu dilatieren. Neben der Entwicklung von Cholangiokarzinomen (CCA) können als Komplikationen Kolonkarzinome und eine Leberzirrhose mit all ihren Folgen auftreten. Während die jährliche Chromokoloskopie die Überwachungsmethode der Wahl für das Kolonkarzinom ist, kommen Ultraschall, Labor, MRCP und ggf. die Cholangioskopie zur Überwachung für das CCA zum Einsatz. Medikamentös können diese Komplikationen vermutlich nicht beeinflusst werden. Die Leberresektion ist die Therapie der Wahl bei frühen CCA. Die Lebertransplantation ist bezogen auf die PSC die einzige kurative Therapie, ändert aber nichts an der erhöhten Inzidenz von Colitis-assoziierten Kolonkarzinomen.
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Zurück zum Zitat Zheng HH, Jiang XL (2016) Increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis of 16 observational studies. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 28:383–390PubMed Zheng HH, Jiang XL (2016) Increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis of 16 observational studies. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 28:383–390PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Primär sklerosierende Cholangitis
verfasst von
Jörg C. Hoffmann
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59104-8_33

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