nach oben

Erschienen in:

2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. Regional- und Lokalanästhesie

verfasst von : Dr. med. Alexander Reich

Erschienen in: Schmerztherapie bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Regionalanästhesie im Kindes- und Jugendalter muss die anatomischen und physiologischen Besonderheiten und Entwicklungen gerade des frühen Kindesalters berücksichtigen – bei der technischen Durchführung ebenso wie bei Auswahl und Dosierung von Medikamenten. Es werden Nervenblockaden der unteren und oberen Extremität, Blockaden am Rumpf sowie zentrale Nervenblockaden vorgestellt. Sicherheitsaspekte und Komplikationen werden ausführlich besprochen.

Adewale L, Dearlove O, Wilson B, Hindle K, Robinson DN (2000) The caudal canal in children: a study using magnetic resonance imaging. Paediatr Anaesth 10: 137–141CrossRefPubMed

Afshan G, Khan FA (1996) Total spinal anaesthesia following caudal block with bupivacaine and buprenorphine. Paediatr Anaesth 6: 239–242CrossRefPubMed

Armitage EN (1985) Regional anesthesia in pediatrics. Clin Anaesthesiol 3: 553–568

Aronson LA, Parker GC, Valley R, Norfleet EA (2000) Acute Horner syndrome due to thoracic epidural analgesia in a paediatric patient. Paediatr Anaesth 10: 89–91CrossRefPubMed

Auroy Y, Narchi P, Messiah A, Litt L, Rouvier B, Samii K (1997) Serious complications related to regional anesthesia: results of a prospective survey in France. Anesthesiol 87: 479–86CrossRef

Becke K, Höhne C, Jöhr M, Reich A (2007) Stellungnahme des Wissenschaftlichen Arbeitskreises Kinderanästhesie (AG Regionalanästhesie) der DGAI: S (+)-Ketamin als Supplement zum Kaudalblock im Kindesalter. Anästhesiol Intensivmed 48: 298–299

Beloeil H, Zetlaoui PJ (2011) [TAP block and blocks of the abdominal wall]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 30: 141–146CrossRefPubMed

Berde C (1996) Regional anesthesia in children: what have we learned? Anesth Analg 83: 897–900PubMed

Bösenberg AT (1998) Epidural analgesia for major neonatal surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 8: 479–483CrossRefPubMed

Bösenberg AT, Ivani G (1998) Regional anaesthesia – children are different. Paediatr Anaesth 8: 447–450CrossRefPubMed

Bösenberg AT, Thomas J, Cronje L, Lopez T, Crean PM, Gustafsson U, Huledal G, Larsson LE (2005) Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of ropivacaine for continuous epidural infusion in neonates and infants. Paediatr Anaesth 15: 739–749CrossRefPubMed

Bourlon-Figuet S, Dubousset AM, Benhamou D, Mazoit JX (2000) Transient neurologic symptoms after epidural analgesia in a five-year-old child. Anesth Analg 91: 856–857CrossRefPubMed

Carre P, Joly A, Cluzel Field B, Wodey E, Lucas MM, Ecoffey C (2000) Axillary block in children: single or multiple injection? Paediatr Anaesth 10: 35–39CrossRefPubMed

Constant I, Gall O, Gouyet L, Chauvin M, Murat I (1998) Addition of clonidine or fentanyl to local anaesthetics prolongs the duration of surgical analgesia after single shot caudal block in children. Br J Anaesth 80: 294–298CrossRefPubMed

Cook B, Grubb DJ, Aldridge LA, Doyle E (1995) Comparison of the effects of adrenaline, clonidine and ketamine on the duration of caudal analgesia produced by bupivacaine in children. Br J Anaesth 75: 698–701CrossRefPubMed

Courrèges P, Poddevin F, Lecoutre D, Bayart R (1994) [Epidural anesthesia and esophageal atresia. Apropos of a case]. Cah Anesthesiol 43: 471–474

Dalens B, Vanneuville G, Tanguy A (1987) A new parascalene approach to the brachial plexus in children: comparison with the supraclavicular approach. Anesth Analg 66: 1264–1271PubMed

Dalens B, Vanneuville G, Dechelotte P (1989) Penile block via the subpubic space in 100 children. Anesth Analg 69: 41–45PubMed

Dalens B, Tanguy A, Vanneuville G (1990) Sciatic nerve blocks in children: comparison of the posterior, anterior, and lateral approaches in 180 pediatric patients. Anesth Analg 70: 131–137CrossRefPubMed

De Negri P, Ivani G, Visconti C, De Vivo P (2001) How to prolong postoperative analgesia after caudal anaesthesia with ropivacaine in children: S-ketamine versus clonidine. Paediatr Anaesth 11: 679–683CrossRefPubMed

Denton JS, Manning MPRA (1988) Femoral nerve block for femoral shaft fractures in children: brief report. J Bone Joint Surg Br 70: 84PubMed

Dohl S, Naito H, Takahashi T (1979) Age-related changes in blood pressure and duration of motor block in spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiol 50: 319–323CrossRef

Dupeyrat A, Goujard E, Muret J, Ecoffey C (1998) Transcutaneous CO2 tension effects of clonidine in paediatric caudal analgesia. Paediatr Anaesth 8: 145–148CrossRefPubMed

Ecoffey C (2012) Safety in pediatric regional anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth 22: 25–30CrossRefPubMed

Eichenberger U, Greher M, Kirchmair L, Curatolo M, Moriggl B (2006) Ultrasound-guided blocks of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve: accuracy of a selective new technique confirmed by anatomical dissection. Br J Anaesth 97: 238–243CrossRefPubMed

Fisher WJ, Bingham RM, Hall R (1999) Axillary brachial plexus block for perioperative analgesia in 250 children. Paediatr Anaesth 9: 435–438CrossRefPubMed

Flandin-Blety C, Barrier G (1995) Accidents following extradural analgesia in children. The results of a retrospective study. Paediatr Anaesth 5: 41–46CrossRefPubMed

Foulk DA, Boakes J, Rab GT, Schulman S (1995) The use of caudal epidural anesthesia in clubfoot surgery. J Pediatr Orthop 15: 604–607CrossRefPubMed

Gerber AC (2000) Spinal and caudal anaesthesia in ex-premature babies. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 14: 673–685CrossRef

Gerber AC, Weiss M (2002) Das ehemalige Frühgeborene mit Leistenhernien. Anaesthesist 51: 448–456CrossRefPubMed

Giaufre E, Dalens B, Gombert A (1996) Epidemiology and morbidity of regional anesthesia in children: a one-year prospective survey of the French-Language Society of Pediatric Anesthesiologists. Anesth Analg 83: 904–912PubMed

Girotra S, Kumar S, Rajendran KM (1993) Caudal buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia in children: a comparison with intramuscular buprenorphine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 37: 361–364CrossRefPubMed

Hansen TG, Morton NS, Cullen PM, Watson DG (2001) Plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine with and without adrenaline following caudal anaesthesia in infants. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 45: 42–47CrossRefPubMed

Hered RW, Cummings RJ, Helffrich R (1998) Persistent Horner’s syndrome after spinal fusion and epidural analgesia: A case report. Spine 23: 387–390CrossRefPubMed

Hodgson RE, Bösenberg AT, Hadley LG (2000) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair – impact of delayed surgery and epidural analgesia. S Afr J Surg 38: 31–34PubMed

Ishigooka M, Yaguchi H, Hashimoto T, Hayami S, Sasagawa I, Nakada T, Mitobe K (1994) Penile block via subpubic space for children who underwent superficial operation of the penis. Urol Int 53: 147–149CrossRefPubMed

Ivani G, Mossetti V (2010) Continuous central and perineural infusions for postoperative pain control in children. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 23: 637–642CrossRefPubMed

Ivani G, Negri P, Conio A, Amati M, Roero S, Giannone S, Lönnqvist PA (2000) Ropivacaine – clonidine combination for caudal blockade in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 44: 446–449CrossRefPubMed

Johnson CM (1994) Continuous femoral nerve blockade for analgesia in children with femoral fractures. Anaesth Intensive Care 22: 281–283PubMed

Johnson CM (1996) Transient femoral nerve palsy after ilioinguinal block – comment. Anaesth Intensive Care 24: 402PubMed

Jöhr M (1998) Postoperative Schmerztherapie bei Kindern. Anaesthesist 47: 889–899CrossRefPubMed

Jöhr M (2013) Practical pediatric regional anesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 26: 327–332CrossRefPubMed

Jöhr M, Sossai R (1999) Colonic puncture during ilioinguinal nerve block in a child. Anesth Analg 88: 1051–1052PubMed

Karl HW, Tyler DC, Krane EJ (1996) Respiratory depression after low-dose caudal morphine. Can J Anaesth 43: 1065–1067CrossRefPubMed

Kart T, Chirstrup LL, Rasmussen M (1997) Recommended use of morphine in neonates, infants and children based on a literature review. Part 1 – Pharmacokinetics. Paediatr Anaesth 7: 5–11CrossRefPubMed

Kindler CH, Seeberger MD, Staender SE (1998) Epidural abscess complicating epidural anesthesia and analgesia: An analysis of the literature. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 42: 614–620CrossRefPubMed

Klimscha W, Chiari A, Michalek-Sauberer A, Wildling E, Lerche A, Lorber C, Brinkmann H, Semsroth M (1998) The efficacy and safety of a clonidine/bupivacaine combination in caudal blockade for pediatric hernia repair. Anesth Analg 86: 54–61PubMed

Koscielniak-Nielsen ZJ, Stens-Pedersen HL, Lippert FK (1997) Readiness for surgery after axillary block: single or multiple injection techniques. Eur J Anaesthesiol 14: 164–171CrossRefPubMed

Krane EJ, Tyler DC, Jacobson LE (1989) The dose response of caudal morphine in children. Anesthesiol 71: 48–52CrossRef

Lee HM, Sanders GM (2000) Caudal ropivacaine and ketamine for postoperative analgesia in children. Anaesthesia 55: 806–810CrossRefPubMed

Lloyd-Thomas AR (1999) Modern concepts of paediatric analgesia. Pharmacol Ther 83: 1–20CrossRefPubMed

Lönnqvist PA, Walker SM (2012) Ketamine as an adjunct to caudal block in neonates and infants: is it time to re-evaluate? Br J Anaesth 109: 138–140CrossRefPubMed

Mader T, Hornung M, Boos K, Jöhr M, Reich A, Höhne C, Becke K (2007) Handlungsempfehlungen zur Regionalanästhesie bei Kindern. Anästhesiol Intensivmed 48: 78–85

Marhofer P, Krenn CG, Plöchl W, Wallner T, Glaser C, Koinig H, Fleischmann E, Höchtl A, Semsroth M (2000) S (+)-ketamine for caudal block in paediatric anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 84: 341–345CrossRefPubMed

Marhofer P, Sitzwohl C, Greher M, Kapral S (2004) Ultrasound guidance for infraclavicular brachial plexus anaesthesia in children. Anaesthesia 59: 642–646CrossRefPubMed

Mayhew JF, Brodsky RC, Blakey D, Petersen W (1995) Low-dose caudal morphine for postoperative analgesia in infants and children: a report of 500 cases. J Clin Anesth 7: 640–642CrossRefPubMed

McNicol LR (1985) Sciatic nerve block for children. Anaesthesia 40: 410–414CrossRefPubMed

McNicol LR (1986) Lower limb blocks for children. Anaesthesia 41: 27–31CrossRefPubMed

McNulty RJ, Handley TP, Devlin MF (2013) Reducing the need for general anaesthesia in children: use of LAT gel in treating facial lacerations. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 51: e130–e131CrossRefPubMed

Messerer B, Platzer M, Justin C, Vittinghoff M (2014) Regionalanästhesiologische Verfahren im Kindesalter. Schmerz 28: 67–81CrossRefPubMed

Morselli PL, Franco-Morselli R, Bossi L (1980) Clinical pharmacokinetics in newborns and infants. Clin Pharmacokinet 5: 485–527CrossRefPubMed

Morton NS (2000) Editorial II: Ropivacaine in children. Br J Anaesth 85: 344–346CrossRefPubMed

Motsch J, Böttiger BW, Bach A, Böhrer H, Skoberne T, Martin E (1997) Caudal clonidine and bupivacaine for combined epidural and general anaesthesia in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 41: 877–883CrossRefPubMed

Nau H (1984) Clinical pharmacokinetics in pregnancy and perinatology. I. Placental transfer and fetal side effects of local anaesthetic agents. Dev Pharmacol Ther 8: 149–181

Newman PJ, Bushnell TG, Radford P (1996) The effect of needle size and type in paediatric caudal analgesia. Paediatr Anaesth 6: 459–461CrossRefPubMed

Petersen PL, Stjernholm P, Kristiansen VB, Torup H, Hansen EG, Mitchell AU, Moeller A, Rosenberg J, Dahl JB, Mathiesen O (2012) The beneficial effect of transversus abdominis plane block after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in day-case surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Anesth Analg 115: 527–533PubMed

Peterson KL, DeCampli WM, Pike NA, Robbins RC, Reitz BA (2000) A report of two hundred twenty cases of regional anesthesia in pediatric cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 90: 1014–1019CrossRefPubMed

Polaner DM, Taenzer AH, Walker BJ, Bosenberg A, Krane EJ, Suresh S, Wolf C, Martin LD (2012) Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network (PRAN): a multi-institutional study of the use and incidence of complications of pediatric regional anesthesia. Anesth Analg 115: 1353–1364CrossRefPubMed

Reich A, Brinkmann OA (2004) Regionalanästhesien bei urologischen Eingriffen im Kindesalter. Aktuelle Urol 35: 418–425CrossRefPubMed

Resch K, Schilling C, Borchert BD, Klatzko M, Uden D (1998) Topical anesthesia for pediatric lacerations: a randomized trial of lidocaine-epinephrine-tetracaine solution versus gel. Ann Emerg Med 32: 693–697CrossRefPubMed

Shiraishi M, Minami K, Kadaya T (2002) A safe anesthetic method using caudal block and ketamine for the child with congenital myotonic dystrophy. Anesth Analg 94: 233PubMed

Taddio A, Katz J, Hersich AL, Koren G (1997) Effects of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination. Lancet 349: 599–603CrossRefPubMed

Theroux MC, Dixit D, Brislin R, Como-Fluero S, Sacks K (2007) Axillary catheter for brachial plexus analgesia in children for postoperative pain control and rigorous physiotherapy – a simple and effective procedure. Paediatr Anaesth 17: 302–303CrossRefPubMed

Tobias JD (1993) Indications and application of epidural anesthesia in a pediatric population outside the perioperative period. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 32: 81–85CrossRef

Tobias JD, Rasmussen GE (1994) Pain management and sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Clin North Am 41: 1269–1292PubMed

Tobias JD, Lowe S, O’Dell N, Holcomb GW (1993) Thoracic epidural anaesthesia in infants and children. Can J Anaesth 40: 879–882CrossRefPubMed

Weber T, Mätzl J, Rokitansky A, Klimscha W, Neumann K, Deusch E (2007) Superior postoperative pain relief with thoracic epidural analgesia versus intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after minimally invasive pectus excavatum repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 134: 865–870CrossRefPubMed

Weintraud M, Marhofer P, Bösenberg A, Kapral S, Willschke H, Felfernig M, Kettner S (2008) Ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric blocks in children: where do we administer the local anesthetic without direct visualization? Anesth Analg 106: 89–93CrossRefPubMed

White NJ, Kim MK, Brousseau DC, Bergholte J, Hennes H (2004) The anesthetic effectiveness of lidocaine-adrenaline-tetracaine gel on finger lacerations. Pediatr Emerg Care 20: 812–815CrossRefPubMed

Willschke H, Bösenberg AT, Marhofer P, Johnston S, Kettner S, Eichenberger U, Wanzel O, Kapral S (2006) Ultrasonographic-guided ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block in pediatric anesthesia: what is the optimal volume? Anesth Analg 102: 1680–1684CrossRefPubMed

Wilson JM, Lund DP, Lillehei CW, Vacanti JP (1997) Congenital diaphragmatic hernia - a tale of two cities: the Boston experience. J Pediatr Surg 32: 401–405CrossRefPubMed

Wolf AR, Doyle E, Thomas E (1998) Modifying infant stress responses to major surgery: spinal vs extradural vs opioid analgesia. Paediatr Anaesth 8: 305–311CrossRefPubMed

Wolf AR, Eyres RL, Laussen PC, Edwards J, Stanley IJ, Rowe P, Simon L (1993) Effect of extradural analgesia on stress responses to abdominal surgery in infants. Br J Anaesth 70: 654–660CrossRefPubMed

Wood CE, Goresky GV, Klassen KA, Kuwahara B, Neil SG (1994) Complications of continuous epidural infusions for postoperative analgesia in children. Can J Anaesth 41: 613–620CrossRefPubMed

Wrigley MW (1991) Inadvertant dural puncture during caudal anaesthesia for Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Anaesthesia 46: 705CrossRefPubMed

Wulf H (1996) Epidural anaesthesia and spinal haematoma. Can J Anaesth 43: 1260–1271CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Regional- und Lokalanästhesie
verfasst von: Dr. med. Alexander Reich
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: Schmerztherapie bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45056-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-45057-4

Copyright-Jahr: 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45057-4_8

Update AINS

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

hier abonnieren

Springer Medizin

8. Regional- und Lokalanästhesie

Zusammenfassung

Neu im Fachgebiet AINS

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

Häufigste Gründe für Brustschmerzen bei Kindern

Aquatherapie bei Fibromyalgie wirksamer als Trockenübungen

Update AINS

Springer Medizin

Zusammenfassung

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Neu im Fachgebiet AINS

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

Häufigste Gründe für Brustschmerzen bei Kindern

Aquatherapie bei Fibromyalgie wirksamer als Trockenübungen

Update AINS