Introduction
Methods
Settings
Participants
Measurements and data collection
Overweight and obesity
Statistical analysis
Results
Subjects
Variable | Men | Women | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Number of participants | 229 | 308 | |
Age (yr) | 58·9 ± 19·1 | 58·4 ± 18·5 | 0·736 |
Number of participants by age group | |||
21–29 | 25 | 30 | |
30–39 | 26 | 30 | |
40–49 | 22 | 40 | |
50–59 | 18 | 41 | |
60–64 | 29 | 27 | |
65–69 | 22 | 36 | |
70–74 | 28 | 27 | |
75–79 | 32 | 34 | |
80+ | 27 | 43 | |
Weight (kg) | 70·2 ± 15·4 | 58·8 ± 10·9 | < 0·001 |
Height (cm) | 166·6 ± 7·1 | 155·0 ± 6·4 | < 0·001 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | 91·4 ± 15·4 | 81·6 ± 10·8 | < 0·001 |
Overall BMI (kg/m2) | 25·2 ± 4·9 | 24·5 ± 4·2 | 0·071 |
BMI by age-group | |||
21–29 | 27·1 ± 8·2 | 22·5 ± 4·5 | |
30–39 | 28·0 ± 6·7 | 24·4 ± 4·7 | |
40–49 | 27·2 ± 3·8 | 25·7 ± 4·3 | |
50–59 | 25·7 ± 3·2 | 25·7 ± 5·5 | |
60–64 | 24·0 ± 2·9 | 24·4 ± 3·6 | |
65–69 | 24·1 ± 3·4 | 25·0 ± 3·0 | |
70–74 | 24·2 ± 3·2 | 22·9 ± 3·7 | |
75–79 | 23·7 ± 3·0 | 25·0 ± 3·5 | |
80+ | 23·4 ± 4·1 | 24·3 ± 4·0 | |
Overall Body Fat Percentage (%) | 30·0 ± 5·7 | 39·7 ± 5·2 | < 0·001 |
Body Fat Percentage by age-group | |||
21–29 | 29·6 ± 8·1 | 37·0 ± 6·4 | |
30–39 | 29·7 ± 6·7 | 37·7 ± 5·7 | |
40–49 | 31·0 ± 4·8 | 39·2 ± 4·7 | |
50–59 | 28·0 ± 4·3 | 40·0 ± 4·5 | |
60–64 | 29·1 ± 5·1 | 40·9 ± 4·9 | |
65–69 | 30·0 ± 5·0 | 41·0 ± 4·1 | |
70–74 | 30·9 ± 5·8 | 39·3 ± 5·0 | |
75–79 | 30·3 ± 4·9 | 41·2 ± 5·1 | |
80+ | 31·3 ± 5·4 | 40·6 ± 5·5 | |
Fat mass (kg) | 21·0 ± 8·2 | 23·2 ± 6·6 | < 0·005 |
Fat mass Index (kg/m2) | 7·6 ± 2·9 | 9·7 ± 2·7 | < 0·001 |
Fat-free mass (kg) | 45·1 ± 8·9 | 32·6 ± 5·0 | < 0·001 |
Fat-free mass index (kg/m2) | 16·2 ± 2·3 | 13·6 ± 1·8 | < 0·001 |
Bone mineral content (kg) | 2·40 ± 0·43 | 1·88 ± 0·36 | < 0·001 |
Relationship between BMI and BF%
1/BMI | Age | Intercept | SEE | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | ||
Men | − 575·291 | 47.401 | – | – | 53.430 | 2.010 | 3.86 |
−619.808 | 43.923 | 0·089 | 0·015 | 49·818 | 1·929 | 3·53 | |
Women | − 538.513 | 32.062 | – | – | 62·167 | 1.429 | 3.52 |
−516.401 | 32.062 | 0.051 | 0·012 | 58.159 | 1.651 | 3·39 |
Men | Women | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI of 18·5 | BMI of 25 | BMI of 30 | BMI of 35 | BMI of 40 | BMI of 18·5 | BMI of 25 | BMI of 30 | BMI of 35 | BMI of 40 | |
20-39y | ||||||||||
Chinese | 19·0 | 27·7 | 31·8 | 34·8 | 37.0 | 31·8 | 39·0 | 42.5 | 44·9 | 46.8 |
White [29] | 14·5 | 23·9 | 29·8 | 33·3 | 35·9 | 26·9 | 37·0 | 41·8 | 45·2 | 47·7 |
Japanese [29] | 12·8 | 23·2 | 28·1 | 31·6 | 34·3 | 24·6 | 35·2 | 40·2 | 43·8 | 46·5 |
Vietnamese [30] | 18·3 | 26·5 | 29·8 | 30·6 | 28·8 | 29·2 | 37·4 | 40·7 | 41·5 | 39·7 |
40-59y | ||||||||||
Chinese | 20.8 | 29/5 | 33·6 | 36·6 | 38·8 | 32.8 | 40.1 | 43·5 | 46·0 | 47·8 |
White [29] | 15·6 | 25·4 | 30·0 | 33·3 | 35·8 | 27·5 | 37·4 | 42·2 | 45·6 | 48·1 |
Japanese [29] | 13·4 | 23·8 | 28·7 | 32·2 | 34·9 | 25 | 35·5 | 40·2 | 44·1 | 46·8 |
Vietnamese [30] | 19·1 | 27·2 | 30·5 | 31·5 | 29·7 | 30·1 | 38·5 | 41·8 | 42·4 | 40·6 |
60-79y | ||||||||||
Chinese | 22·7 | 31·3 | 35·3 | 38·2 | 40·4 | 33·8 | 41·1 | 44·5 | 47·0 | 48·8 |
White [29] | 19·0 | 28·0 | 32·3 | 35·3 | 37·6 | 31·0 | 39·9 | 44·1 | 47·1 | 49·4 |
Japanese [29] | 13·9 | 24·3 | 29·3 | 32·8 | 35·4 | 25·3 | 35·8 | 40·9 | 44·4 | 47·1 |
Vietnamese [30] | 20·1 | 28·2 | 31·6 | 32·4 | 30·6 | 31·0 | 39·1 | 42·5 | 43·3 | 41·5 |
Prevalence of overweight and obesity
Sample Estimates | Population-Adjusted Estimates | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 21-59 yrs | ≥60 yrs | ≥65 yrs | ≥75 yrs | Overall | 21-59 yrs | ≥60 yrs | ≥65 yrs | ≥75 yrs | |
Total | ||||||||||
Overweight | 33·9 | 32·3 | 34·9 | 32·7 | 30·1 | 34·4 | 33·4 | 37·0 | 33·4 | 30·0 |
Obese | 9·5 | 15·9 | 4·6 | 4·8 | 6·6 | 12·9 | 16·2 | 3·7 | 3·7 | 6·5 |
BF% | 83·2 | 81·0 | 84·4 | 85·3 | 83·8 | 82·0 | 80·9 | 85·2 | 87·5 | 84·0 |
WC | 63·9 | 55·2 | 70·0 | 70·9 | 70·6 | 59·1 | 55·6 | 68·8 | 69·9 | 70·2 |
OWMOH | 42·8 | 39·2 | 45·3 | 44·2 | 45·6 | 41·8 | 40·8 | 46·0 | 44·2 | 45·4 |
OBMOH | 21·8 | 29·3 | 16·0 | 15·5 | 14·0 | 26·6 | 30·3 | 16·3 | 15·4 | 14·0 |
Men | ||||||||||
Overweight | 37·6 | 39·6 | 36·2 | 32·1 | 29·3 | 39·1 | 39·3 | 38·6 | 31·8 | 28·5 |
Obese | 9·6 | 19·8 | 2·9 | 3·7 | 3·4 | 14·9 | 19·4 | 2·0 | 3·0 | 3·4 |
BF% | 81·2 | 79·1 | 82·6 | 85·3 | 81·0 | 80·2 | 79·1 | 83·2 | 88·9 | 80·2 |
WC | 54·1 | 54·9 | 53·6 | 54·1 | 50·0 | 55·7 | 56·7 | 52·9 | 53·6 | 49·1 |
OWMOH | 45·4 | 41·8 | 47·8 | 45·0 | 43·1 | 44·5 | 42·6 | 50·0 | 45·5 | 41·8 |
OBMOH | 21·8 | 37·4 | 11·6 | 11·0 | 8·6 | 30·7 | 37·4 | 11·6 | 10·4 | 8·7 |
Women | ||||||||||
Overweight | 31·2 | 27·7 | 34·1 | 33·6 | 31·2 | 29·9 | 27·8 | 35·5 | 34·9 | 31·2 |
Obese | 9·4 | 13·5 | 6·0 | 5·7 | 9·1 | 11·0 | 13·1 | 5·2 | 4·2 | 8·9 |
BF% | 84·7 | 82·3 | 86·8 | 86·4 | 87·0 | 83·8 | 82·6 | 87·1 | 86·2 | 86·9 |
WC | 71·1 | 55·3 | 84·4 | 85·0 | 87·0 | 62·3 | 54·6 | 83·4 | 84·3 | 86·9 |
OWMOH | 40·9 | 40·9 | 37·6 | 43·7 | 44·3 | 39·3 | 38·2 | 42·3 | 43·0 | 48·2 |
OBMOH | 21·8 | 24·1 | 19·8 | 19·3 | 18·2 | 22·8 | 23·6 | 20·6 | 19·8 | 18·1 |