nach oben

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

Erschienen in:

01.08.2012 | Original Paper

Relationships between impact on employment, working conditions, socio-occupational categories and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after the industrial disaster in Toulouse, France

verfasst von: Eloi Diene, Nelly Agrinier, Artus Albessard, Sylvie Cassadou, Valerie Schwoebel, Thierry Lang, Scientific and Operational Committees

Erschienen in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Ausgabe 8/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Objectives

The aims of this paper were (1) to analyze the prevalence of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (S-PTSD) in a population of workers 1 year after an industrial disaster; and (2) to assess the role of factors of vulnerability such as the occupational impact of a disaster and economic conditions.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey assessing the relationships between socio-occupational category, impact on employment and S-PTSD was conducted by the self-administered impact of event scale-revised.

Results

The prevalence of S-PTSD in workers in the peripheral zone (<3 km around the explosion site) was 12% in men and 18% in women. Factors significantly associated with S-PTSD in men were non-managerial socio-occupational category: employees (ORa = 4.3; [2.3; 7.8]), factory workers/laborers (ORa = 3.7; [1.8; 7.6]), intermediate professions (ORa = 3.3; [1.9; 5.9]), and artisans (ORa = 3; [1.3; 7.7]); and layoff (ORa = 2.6; [1.5; 4.5]) or unusable workplace after the explosion (ORa = 1.8; [1.1; 2.8]). In women, factors significantly associated with S-PTSD were the socio-occupational categories of employees and factory workers (ORa = 2.2; [1.4; 3.5]), artisans (ORa = 2.7; [1.3; 5.7]) and intermediate professions, (ORa = 1.5; [1; 2.3]) and reporting of an occupational accident (ORa = 1.5; [1.1; 2.2]).

Conclusion

Impact on the workplace and socioeconomic conditions were associated with S-PTSD. The epidemiological approach in disaster situations needs to be improved, particularly in the social and occupational dimension when economically active populations are involved. Vulnerable subgroups, defined by occupational impact and low socioeconomic category, should be taken into account.

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Adams RE, Boscarino JA (2006) Predictors of PTSD and delayed PTSD after disaster: the impact of exposure and psychosocial resources. J Nerv Ment Dis 194:485–493PubMedCrossRef

American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC

Asukai N, Kato H, Kawamura N, Kim Y, Yamamoto K, Kishimoto J, Miyake Y, Nishizono-Maher A (2002) Reliability and validity of the Japanese-language version of the impact of event scale-revised (IES-R-J): four studies of different traumatic events. J Nerv Ment Dis 190:175–182PubMedCrossRef

Balssa G, Panofre G, Hurstel JF, Bez J, Capdevielle C, Sciortino V (2004) Explosion de l’usine AZF de Toulouse : description des lésions prises en charge au titre d’accident du travail par la Caisse primaire d’assurance maladie de la Haute-Garonne. Arch Mal Prof 65:463–469 (French)

Blanchard EB, Kuhn E, Rowell DL, Hickling EJ, Wittrock D, Rogers RL, Johnson MR, Steckler DC (2004) Studies of the vicarious traumatization of college students by the September 11th attacks: effects of proximity, exposure and connectedness. Behav Res Ther 42:191–205PubMedCrossRef

Boscarino JA, Adams RE (2009) PTSD onset and course following the World Trade Center disaster: findings and implications for future research. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 44:887–898PubMedCrossRef

Breslau N, Davis GC, Andreski P, Peterson EL, Schultz LR (1997) Sex differences in posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:1044–1048PubMedCrossRef

Breslau N, Kessler RC (2001) The stressor criterion in DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder: an empirical investigation. Biol Psychiatry 50:699–704PubMedCrossRef

Brewin CR, Andrews B, Valentine JD (2000) Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. J Consult Clin Psychol 68:748–766PubMedCrossRef

10.

Brunet A, St-Hilaire A, Jehel L, King S (2003) Validation of a French version of the impact of event scale-revised. Can J Psychiatry 48:56–61PubMed

11.

Brunet A, Akerib V, Birmes P (2007) Don’t throw out the baby with the bathwater (PTSD is not overdiagnosed). Can J Psychiatry 52:501–502PubMed

12.

Carlier IV, Lamberts RD, Gersons BP (1997) Risk factors for posttraumatic stress symptomatology in police officers: a prospective analysis. J Nerv Ment Dis 185:498–506PubMedCrossRef

13.

Code of social security, book 4. Available: http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006742977&idSectionTA=LEGISCTA000006156122&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006073189&dateTexte=20111017. Accessed 17 Oct 2011

14.

Cohidon C, Diène E, Carton M, Fatras JY, Goldberg M, Imbernon E (2009) Mental health of workers in Toulouse 2 years after the industrial AZF disaster: first results of a longitudinal follow-up of 3, 000 people. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 44:784–791PubMedCrossRef

15.

Creamer M, Bell R, Failla S (2003) Psychometric properties of the impact of event scale—revised. Behav Res Ther 41:1489–1496PubMedCrossRef

16.

Diène E, Agrinier N, Santin G, Cohidon C, Schwoebel V (2007) Final report on consequences at one year in the population of workers and rescuers in the urban area of Toulouse (French). Rapport final sur les conséquences à un an dans la population des travailleurs et des sauveteurs de l’agglomération toulousaine. Institut de Veille sanitaire: Saint-Maurice, juin 2007. Available: http://www.invs.sante.fr/publications/default.htm

17.

Elliott MR, Wang Y, Lowe RA, Kleindorfer PR (2004) Environmental justice: frequency and severity of US chemical industry accidents and the socioeconomic status of surrounding communities. J Epidemiol Community Health 58:24–30PubMedCrossRef

18.

Galea S, Ahern J, Resnick H, Kilpatrick D, Bucuvalas M, Gold J, Vlahov D (2002) Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. N Engl J Med 346:982–987PubMedCrossRef

19.

Galea S, Vlahov V, Resnick H, Ahern J, Susser E et al (2003) Trends of probable post-traumatic stress disorder in New York City after the September 11 terrorist attacks. Am J Epidemiol 158:514–524PubMedCrossRef

20.

Galea S, Vlahov D, Tracy M, Hoover DR, Resnick H, Kilpatrick D (2004) Hispanic ethnicity and post-traumatic stress disorder after a disaster: evidence from a general population survey after September 11, 2001. Ann Epidemiol 14:520–531PubMedCrossRef

21.

Galea S, Nandi A, Vlahov D (2005) The epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder after disasters. Epidemiol Rev 27:78–91PubMedCrossRef

22.

Hasselhorn HM, Tackenberg P, Peter R (2004) Effort-reward imbalance among nurses in stable countries and in countries in transition. Int J Occup Environ Health 10:401–408PubMed

23.

Hobfoll SE, Tracy M, Galea S (2006) The impact of resource loss and traumatic growth on probable PTSD and depression following terrorist attacks. J Trauma Stress 19:867–878PubMedCrossRef

24.

Insee: Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (French Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies) (1999) Recensement de la population. Available: http://www.insee.fr

25.

Insee: Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (French Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies). Nomenclature des Professions et Catégories Socioprofessionnelles (PCS). Available: http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/default.asp?page=nomenclatures/pcs.htm

26.

Karasek RA, Theorell T (1990) Healthy work-stress productivity and the reconstruction of working life. Basic Books, New York

27.

Keane T, Wolfe J (1990) Comorbidity in post-traumatic stress disorders: an analysis of community and clinical studies. J Appl Soc Psychol 20:1776–1788CrossRef

28.

Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E, Hughes M, Nelson CB (1995) Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:1048–1060PubMedCrossRef

29.

Lang T, Schwoebel V, Diène E, Bauvin E, Garrigue E, Lapierre-Duval K, Guinard A, Cassadou S (2007) Assessing post-disaster consequences for health at the population level: experience from the AZF factory explosion in Toulouse. J Epidemiol Community Health 61:103–107PubMedCrossRef

30.

Maes M, Mylle J, Delmeire L, Janca A (2001) Pre- and post-disaster negative life events in relation to the incidence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res 105:1–12PubMedCrossRef

31.

Nandi A, Galea S, Tracy M, Ahern J, Resnick H, Gershon R, Vlahov D (2004) Job loss, unemployment, work stress, job satisfaction, and the persistence of posttraumatic stress disorder one year after the September 11 attacks. J Occup Environ Med 46:1057–1064PubMedCrossRef

32.

Niedhammer I, Chastang JF, David S, Barouhiel L, Barrandon G (2006) Psychosocial work environment and mental health: job-strain and effort-reward imbalance models in a context of major organizational changes. Int J Occup Environ Health 12:111–119PubMed

33.

Norris FH, Friedman MJ, Watson PJ, Byrne CM, Diaz E, Kaniasty K (2002) 60, 000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981–2001. Psychiatry 65:207–239PubMedCrossRef

34.

Norris FH, Friedman MJ, Watson PJ (2002) 60, 000 disaster victims speak: Part II. Summary and implications of the disaster mental health research. Psychiatry 65:240–260PubMedCrossRef

35.

Norris FH (2002) Disasters in urban context. J Urban Health 79:308–314PubMedCrossRef

36.

North CS, Nixon SJ, Shariat S, Mallonee S, McMillen JC, Spitznagel EL, Smith EM (1999) Psychiatric disorders among survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing. JAMA 282:755–762PubMedCrossRef

37.

Priebe S, Grappasonni I, Mari M, Dewey M, Petrelli F, Costa A (2009) Posttraumatic stress disorder six months after an earthquake: findings from a community sample in a rural region in Italy. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 44:393–397PubMedCrossRef

38.

Pulcino T, Galea S, Ahern J, Resnick H, Foley M, Vlahov D (2003) Posttraumatic stress in women after the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. J Womens Health 12:809–820CrossRef

39.

Rivière S, Schwoebel V, Lapierre-Duval K, Guinard A, Gardette V, Lang T (2008) Predictors of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after the AZF chemical factory explosion on 21 September 2001, in Toulouse, France. J Epidemiol Community Health 62:455–460PubMedCrossRef

40.

Rivière S, Schwoebel V, Lapierre-Duval K, Warret G, Saturnin M, Avan P, Job A, Lang T, Group Expert (2008) Hearing status after an industrial explosion: experience of the AZF explosion, 21 September 2001, France. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 81:409–414PubMedCrossRef

41.

Schlenger W, Caddell J, Ebert L, Jordan K et al (2002) Psychological reactions to terrorist attacks: findings from the National Study of Americans’ Reactions to September 11. JAMA 288:581–588PubMedCrossRef

42.

Schuster MA, Stein BD, Jaycox L, Collins RL, Marshall GN, Elliott MN, Zhou AJ, Kanouse DE, Morrison JL, Berry SH (2001) A national survey of stress reactions after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. N Engl J Med 345:1507–1512PubMedCrossRef

43.

Verger P, Dab W, Lamping DL, Loze JY, Deschaseaux-Voinet C, Abenhaim L, Rouillon F (2004) The psychological impact of terrorism: an epidemiologic study of posttraumatic stress disorder and associated factors in victims of the 1995–1996 bombings in France. Am J Psychiatry 161:1384–1389PubMedCrossRef

44.

Verschuur MJ, Spinhoven P, Van Emmerik AA, Rosendaal FR (2008) Participation in a trauma-focused epidemiological investigation may result in sensitization for current health problems. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 43:132–139PubMedCrossRef

45.

Weiss DS, Marma CR (1997) The impact of event scale-revised. In: Wilson JP, Keane TM (eds) Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD. Guilford Press, New York, pp 399–411

Titel: Relationships between impact on employment, working conditions, socio-occupational categories and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after the industrial disaster in Toulouse, France
verfasst von: Eloi Diene
Nelly Agrinier
Artus Albessard
Sylvie Cassadou
Valerie Schwoebel
Thierry Lang
Scientific and Operational Committees
Publikationsdatum: 01.08.2012
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Ausgabe 8/2012
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0439-8

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

ADHS-Medikation erhöht das kardiovaskuläre Risiko

16.05.2024 Herzinsuffizienz Nachrichten

Erwachsene, die Medikamente gegen das Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätssyndrom einnehmen, laufen offenbar erhöhte Gefahr, an Herzschwäche zu erkranken oder einen Schlaganfall zu erleiden. Es scheint eine Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung zu bestehen.

Typ-2-Diabetes und Depression folgen oft aufeinander

14.05.2024 Typ-2-Diabetes Nachrichten

Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes sind überdurchschnittlich gefährdet, in den nächsten Jahren auch noch eine Depression zu entwickeln – und umgekehrt. Besonders ausgeprägt ist die Wechselbeziehung laut GKV-Daten bei jüngeren Erwachsenen.

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

08.05.2024 Gesellschaft Nachrichten

In einer Leseranfrage in der Zeitschrift Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology möchte ein anonymer Dermatologe bzw. eine anonyme Dermatologin wissen, ob er oder sie einen Patienten behandeln muss, der eine rassistische Tätowierung trägt.

Spezielles Sportprogramm bei einer Reihe von psychischen Erkrankungen effektiv

08.05.2024 Psychotherapie Nachrichten

Sportliche Betätigung hilft nicht nur bei Depression, sondern auch in Gruppen von Patientinnen und Patienten mit unterschiedlichen psychischen Erkrankungen, wie Insomnie, Panikattacken, Agoraphobie und posttraumatischem Belastungssyndrom. Sie alle profitieren längerfristig.

Update Psychiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Die Highlights vom Kongress des American College of Cardiology 2024

Springer Medizin

Relationships between impact on employment, working conditions, socio-occupational categories and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after the industrial disaster in Toulouse, France