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Erschienen in: Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 3/2014

01.09.2014 | Leitthema

Risiko von Brustkrebs unter „hormone replacement therapy“

Klinische Daten und experimentell-biologische Plausibilität

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Dr. A.O. Mueck, H. Seeger

Erschienen in: Gynäkologische Endokrinologie | Ausgabe 3/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Die Women’s Health Initiative zeigt mit equinen Östrogenen plus Medroxyprogesteronacetat ein erhöhtes, mit Östrogen allein im Vergleich zu Placebo ein erniedrigtes Brustkrebsrisiko. Dies korreliert mit Beobachtungsstudien. Bei langen Behandlungszeiten (in der „Nurses Health Study“ nach 15 Jahren) wurde auch mit Östrogenen allein ein Risiko gesehen. Die Risikosenkung zeigt sich sowohl bei frühem als auch bei späten Beginn mit Östrogenen, und zwar mit equinen Östrogenen wie auch mit Estradiol. Die klinischen Daten sind biologisch plausibel: Östrogene können protektiv z. B. durch Apoptose wirken, aber auch proliferativ, in seltenen Fällen auch über genotoxische Metaboliten, wie bei genetischen Polymorphismen von normalerweise karzinoprotektiven Schlüsselenzymen und bei ungebremstem oxidativem Zellstress. Nach eigener Forschung finden sich bestimmte Zellstrukturen bei Frauen mit Brustkrebs im malignen, aber nicht in deren gesundem Brustgewebe, die in Verbindung mit stromalen Einflüssen stark proliferierende Effekte synthetischer Gestagene, nicht aber von Progesteron vermitteln. Dies entspricht auch Beobachtungsstudien, die im Gegensatz zu den meisten synthetischen Gestagenen keine Risikoerhöhung mit Progesteron oder mit seinem Retroisomer Dydrogesteron bei Kombination mit Estradiol zeigen. Proliferierende Effekte etwa durch Langzeiteinwirkung bestimmter Metaboliten von Progesteron oder Dydrogesteron sind jedoch nicht auszuschließen; sie sind Gegenstand der derzeitigen Forschung, um Frauen mit erhöhtem Risiko zu identifizieren.
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Zurück zum Zitat Zhou J, Yu Q, Chen R, Seeger H et al (2013) Medroxyprogesterone acetate- driven increase in breast cancer risk might be mediated via cross-talk with growth factors in the presence of progesterone receptor membrane component-1. Maturitas 76:129–133PubMedCrossRef Zhou J, Yu Q, Chen R, Seeger H et al (2013) Medroxyprogesterone acetate- driven increase in breast cancer risk might be mediated via cross-talk with growth factors in the presence of progesterone receptor membrane component-1. Maturitas 76:129–133PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Risiko von Brustkrebs unter „hormone replacement therapy“
Klinische Daten und experimentell-biologische Plausibilität
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. Dr. A.O. Mueck
H. Seeger
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Gynäkologische Endokrinologie / Ausgabe 3/2014
Print ISSN: 1610-2894
Elektronische ISSN: 1610-2908
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-013-0627-6

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